Maroon-tailed parakeet
Maroon-tailed parakeet | |
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Subspecies P. m. melanura | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Psittaciformes |
Family: | Psittacidae |
Genus: | Pyrrhura |
Species: | P. melanura
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Binomial name | |
Pyrrhura melanura (Spix, 1824)
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Range of the maroon-tailed parakeet's P. m. melanura, P. m. souancei, and P. m. berlepschi subspecies |
The maroon-tailed parakeet (Pyrrhura melanura) is a species of bird in subfamily
Taxonomy and systematics
The
- P. m. pacifica Chapman, 1915
- P. m. chapmani Bond & Meyer de Schauensee, 1940
- P. m. melanura (Spix, 1824)
- P. m. souancei (Verreaux, 1858)
- P. m. berlepschi Salvadori, 1891
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treats P. m. pacifica and P. m. chapmani as separate species, the "Choco" and "Upper Magdalena" parakeets, respectively.[5] Note that the range map excludes these two taxa.
This article follows the five-subspecies model.
Description
The maroon-tailed parakeet is 23 to 25 cm (9.1 to 9.8 in) long and weighs about 83 g (2.9 oz). The sexes are the same. Adults of the
Subspecies P. m. pacifica is darker than the nominate and has no yellow on its primary coverts. Its breast scaling is darker and narrower, its eye ring gray, and its bill blackish. P. m. chapmani is larger than the nominate with less red on its wing and a red patch on its belly. The scaly appearance of its breast extends around the back of its neck. P. m. souancei has a more heavily scaled throat than the nominate, with no yellow on the primary coverts, sometimes red on its carpals, a brownish red belly, and a blacker undertail. P. m. pacifica has even heavier throat scaling than souancei, red carpals, and a brownish red belly.[6][8][9]
Distribution and habitat
The subspecies of the maroon-tailed parakeet are found thus:[3][6]
- P. m. pacifica, Pacific slope of the Andes from Colombia's Nariño Department south to Ecuador's Cotopaxi Province
- P. m. chapmani, the upper valley of the Magdalena River on the eastern slope of Colombia's Central Andes in Tolima and Huila departments
- P. m. melanura, the upper Amazon Basinin southern Venezuela, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, northeastern Peru, and northwestern Brazil
- P. m. souancei, the eastern slope of the Andes from the Serranía de la Macarena in south-central Colombia into eastern Ecuador and perhaps northern Peru
- P. m. berlepschi, the eastern slope of the Andes from Morona-Santiago Province in Ecuador to the Huallaga River valley in northern Peru
The maroon-tailed parakeet inhabits the canopy and edges of a variety of landscapes including wet lowland premontane forest,
Behavior
Movement
The maroon-tailed parakeet is thought to be generally sedentary, but some subspecies are believed to make seasonal elevational movements.[6]
Feeding
The maroon-tailed parakeet typically forages in flocks of about six to 12 individuals. Its diet is not known in detail but includes fruit from forest trees and palms, and also cultivated fruits like mangoes and guavas.[6]
Breeding
The maroon-tailed parakeet's breeding season varies geographically; P. m. melanura breeds between April and June and P. m. berlepschi between January and March. P. m. chapmani's season includes January; its details and those of the other two subspecies are not known. In captivity the clutch size is usually four eggs, the incubation period about 25 days, and the time to fledging seven to eight weeks.[6]
Vocalization
The maroon-tailed parakeet's most common call is "a series of loud, harsh notes, e.g. screeet screeet screeet" that is given both from a perch and in flight. However, perched birds are often silent. Members of a flock "call frequently and simultaneously, producing a noisy, harsh chattering ."[6]
Status
The
References
- ^ . Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ a b c Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
- ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
- ^ a b c d e f g h i del Hoyo, J., N. Collar, and G. M. Kirwan (2022). Maroon-tailed Parakeet (Pyrrhura melanura), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (B. K. Keeney, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.matpar2.01.1 retrieved March 11, 2023
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.
- . Retrieved 11 March 2023.
- . Retrieved 11 March 2023.