Material Girl
"Material Girl" | ||||
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Single by Madonna | ||||
from the album Like a Virgin | ||||
B-side | "Pretender" | |||
Released | January 23, 1985 | |||
Recorded | April–May 1984 | |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 4:01 | |||
Label |
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Songwriter(s) |
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Producer(s) | Nile Rodgers | |||
Madonna singles chronology | ||||
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Music video | ||||
"Material Girl" on YouTube |
"Material Girl" is a song recorded by American singer
"Material Girl" consists of synth arrangements with a robotic-sounding voice chant repeating the hook, "living in a material world". The lyrics identify with materialism, with Madonna asking for a rich and affluent life, and only wanting to date men who can offer her this. Contemporary critics have frequently identified "Material Girl" along with "Like a Virgin" as the songs that established Madonna as an icon. "Material Girl" was a commercial success, reaching the top-five in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Ireland, Japan and United Kingdom. It reached the number two position on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States, becoming her third top-five single there.
The single's release was accompanied by a music video directed by Mary Lambert. The video pays homage to Marilyn Monroe's performance of the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" in the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, with the mimicked scenes interspersed with scenes of a Hollywood director trying to win the heart of an actress, played by Madonna herself. Discovering that, contrary to her song, the young woman is not impressed by money and expensive gifts, he pretends to be penniless and succeeded in taking her out on a date. Madonna has performed the song in five of her world tours; most of her performances of the song on tour are mimicries of the song's music video.
"Material Girl" has been covered by a number of artists, including Britney Spears and Hilary and Haylie Duff. It also became a viral hit on TikTok. Madonna has often remarked that she regrets recording "Material Girl" as its title became a nickname for her in the mainstream media. The song has been labeled an empowering influence for women, and was the subject of debates.
Background
"Material Girl" was written by
Composition
"Material Girl" consists of
The lyrics explain that Madonna is a "material girl" who will not accept men who cannot provide her with luxuries.[4][7]
Critical reception
Following the song's release on November 30, 1984,[8] as the second single from Like a Virgin, "Material Girl" received mixed reviews from music critics. Author Rikky Rooksby, in his book The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, compared the song with those of Cyndi Lauper because of Madonna's shrill voice in the song. He added that the song was a "pungent satire on the Reagan/Thatcher young-guns-go-for-it era. Which just goes to show that pop music and irony don't mix."[4] Stephen Thomas Erlewine from AllMusic said that "Material Girl" was one of the songs that made Madonna an icon, the other being "Like a Virgin" from the same album, both remaining as a definitive statement. He added that both tunes overshadow the rest of the record, "because they are a perfect match of theme and sound."[9] Debby Miller from Rolling Stone, felt that the song portrayed Madonna as a more practical girl than previous female singers.[10] Dave Karger from Entertainment Weekly, while reviewing the album in 1995, felt that the song came off a bit repetitious and immature when compared to the present context.[11] Jim Farber from the same publication felt that the song provided then critics a way to criticize Madonna's work.[12] Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine commented that Madonna had "defined a generation with hits like 'Material Girl'."[13][14] Alfred Soto from Stylus Magazine compared the song with "Everything She Wants" by Wham!.[15] Michael Paoletta from Billboard commented that the song sustained a "fevered dance-rock momentum."[16] Nancy Erlick from Billboard said that "singer and team conquer once more with their irresistible assembly of new and used pop hooks."[17] Cashbox said that the song is "a playful follow-up to 'Like A Virgin'" which "still emphasizes a danceable backbeat, but...has a sense of humor and Madonna doesn't sound quite as squeaky as on past cuts."[18] In 2003, Madonna fans were asked to vote for their Top 20 Madonna singles of all time for a special issue of Q magazine dedicated to Madonna. "Material Girl" was allocated the 15th spot on the list.[19]
Chart performance
The song debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 during the week of February 9, 1985, at position 43, when "
In the United Kingdom, "Material Girl" debuted on the
In Australia, the single debuted at number 25 on 17 March 1985 and peaked at number four three weeks later.[39] It also reached the Top 5 in New Zealand and Japan.[40][41]
Music video
The music video was inspired by Madonna's admiration of
Well, my favorite scene in all of Monroe's movies is when she does that dance sequence for 'Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend'. And when it came time to do the video for the song [Material Girl], I said, I can just redo that whole scene and it will be perfect. [...] Marilyn was made into something not human in a way, and I can relate to that. Her sexuality was something everyone was obsessed with and that I can relate to. And there were certain things about her vulnerability that I'm curious about and attracted to.[2][42]
The music video was shot January 10 and 11, 1985, at
The video featured actor Keith Carradine as Madonna's wealthy love interest. According to Carradine, Madonna had asked for him to appear in the video.[44] Actor Robert Wuhl appeared in the video's opening sequence as George, an employee of Carradine's character. It was on the set of the video that Madonna met actor Sean Penn, whom she began a relationship with and married eight months later.[42]
The video opens with two men (Carradine) watching a rush in the screening rooms of a Hollywood studio. On the screen, an actress played by Madonna sings and dances to "Material Girl", dressed like Monroe from "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend". One of the men, played by Carradine, is a director or a producer and is immensely rich. He falls in love with the actress and wants to express his passion for her.[7] He tells his employee, played by Wuhl: "She's [Madonna] fantastic. She could become a star." The employee answered: "She could be. She could be great. She could be a major star." The former then concludes by saying: "She is a star, George."[7] Madonna is in a pink strapless gown and has her hair in blond locks ala Monroe.[45] The background is a reconstruction of the Monroe video, complete with staircase, chandeliers and a number of tuxedo clad chorus boys.[42] Madonna dances and sings the song, while she is showered with cash, expensive jewelry, furs and is carried by the men over the stairs. At one time, she eludes herself from the men, by dismissing them with her fan. As the producer tries to impress Madonna, he comes to learn she is not impressed by material items, rather preferring simple romance. He pretends to be penniless, and brings her hand-cut flowers while paying a poor man a large amount to borrow (or possibly buy) his dirty truck to take her on a date. His plan seems to work, because the final scene shows him and Madonna kissing in an intimate position.[42][44]
It was in the video of "Material Girl" that Madonna began to accept and utilize herself being compared to Monroe. However, she established a safe distance from those comparisons and developed inside the same pastiche. Details like the usage of different gloves or different fans in the video brought forth the connections between these women, but Madonna alluded to herself in subtle ways.[46] The fan in Monroe's hand for the original video was an iconography of the Sudarshana Chakra (wheel) held by the Indian idol Vishnu. Scholar Georges-Claude Guilbert, who wrote Madonna as postmodern myth: how one star's self-construction rewrites sex, said that the fan symbolized fiery desire aroused by Monroe as well as ritual sacrifice, eerily foreshadowing her untimely death in 1962.[46] Madonna's fan, which appeared at the end of the video, signified that Madonna – while paying her tribute to Monroe – was signaling that she had no intention of being a victim like her, and that she was on the path of becoming a feminist post-modern myth.[46] Author Nicholas Cook commented that the video promoted Madonna's identity as the song suggested, with the purpose of shifting "Madonna's image from that of a disco-bimbo to authentic star."[47] Lisa A. Lewis, author of Gender, Politics and MTV said that with the video, Madonna achieved the rare distinction of being accepted as a literature medium by the music authors.[48] "Material Girl" was nominated for best female video at the 1985 MTV Video Music Awards, but lost to Tina Turner's "What's Love Got to Do with It".[49] The video was ranked at position 54 on VH1's 100 Greatest Videos.[50] On YouTube, the video became her ninth video to surpass 100 million views.
Live performances
"Material Girl" was performed by Madonna on five of her world tours. She ended the Virgin Tour (1985) with a self-parodying performance of the song. She wore a white tube top and a tight white skirt and carried a bunch of notes in her left hand.[51] At the end of the performance she asked the audience "Do you really think I'm a material girl?...I'm not...Take it [Throwing fake money]... I don't need money... I need love."[52] As she began to strip off more clothes, she was apprehended and marched offstage by an extra posing as her father. In Detroit, her father Tony himself did the honors.[51] The performance was included in the VHS release Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour.[53]
In the
For the Blond Ambition World Tour in 1990, Madonna and her supporting dancers Niki Haris and Donna De Lory were dressed as old women in fluffy dressing gowns with dollar signs and curling pins in their hair. Singing the song with a strong mid-western accent, they got up and revealed a frivolish pink dress underneath their gown, in which they danced around. On some dates Madonna replaced the words "experience has made me rich" with "experience has made me a bitch". After singing, she produced dollar bills out of her corsage and threw them up in the air for the audience to catch.[57] Two different performances were taped and released on video, Blond Ambition: Japan Tour 90, taped in Yokohama, Japan, on April 27, 1990,[58] and Blond Ambition World Tour Live, taped in Nice, France, on August 5, 1990.[59] During the Re-Invention World Tour of 2004, a general setlist was decided where the show rehearsals would start with "I'm So Stupid" from American Life, "Dress You Up" and "Material Girl". But "Dress You Up" and "I'm So Stupid" were later dropped from the show.[60] Hence "Material Girl" was transferred as the closing song of the military segment of the show, and was re-arranged as an electric guitar version. Madonna wore military themed clothes and sang the song while standing in front of a microphone and playing an electric guitar. The backdrops displayed mathematical equations along with DNA helixes rushing through the screens.[61]
Minimal elements of the song were included in the live performance of "
In June 2022, to accompany the remix album release Finally Enough Love: 50 Number Ones, Madonna performed at Pride at the Women of the World Party in New York City. In the event, the singer premiered "Material Gworrllllllll!", a mashup of "Material Girl" with Saucy Santana's hip hop song of the same name.[67] The song was released the following month.[68]
Legacy
After the song's release, the phrase "material girl" became another nickname for Madonna. She has since remarked that if she had known she would constantly be referred to by the "Material Girl" moniker, she probably would not have recorded the song.[2] Reflecting on the song, Madonna said:
I can't completely disdain the song and the video, because they certainly were important to my career. But talk about the media hanging on a phrase and misinterpreting the damn thing as well. I didn't write that song, you know, and the video was about how the girl rejected diamonds and money. But God forbid irony should be understood. So when I'm ninety, I'll still be the Material Girl. I guess it's not so bad. Lana Turner was the Sweater Girl until the day she died.[42]
Academics analyzed the usage of the term material as odd because, according to them, materialistic is the correct word. However, that would have posed problems of versification for Madonna and songwriter Brown.[7] Guilbert commented that "material girl" designated a certain type of liberated women, thus deviating from its original coinage which meant a girl who is tangible and accessible.[7] Cook said that the meaning and impact of "material girl" was no longer circumscribed by the video, rather by its lyrics. Its influence was seen later among such diverse groups such as female versus male, gay versus straight, and academic versus teenage.[69]
In 1993, a conference was held at the
Track listing
- US and UK 7-inch single[72]
- "Material Girl" – 4:00
- "Pretender" – 4:28
- US and UK 12-inch single; reissue CD single (1995)[73]
- "Material Girl" (extended dance mix) – 6:05
- "Pretender" – 4:28
- Japanese 12-inch single; reissue CD single[74]
- "Material Girl" (extended dance mix) – 6:10
- "Into the Groove" – 4:45
- "Angel" (extended dance mix) – 6:14
- Digital single (remastered) (2024)
- "Material Girl" – 4:00
- "Pretender" – 4:28
- "Material Girl" (extended dance mix) – 6:05
Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the album and 12-inch maxi-single liner notes.[75][76]
- Madonna – vocals, background vocals
- Peter Brown – writer
- Robert Rans – writer
- Nile Rodgers – producer, Synclavier II, Roland Juno-60, guitars
- Nathaniel S. Hardy, Jr. – keyboards
- Bernard Edwards – bass
- Tony Thompson – drums
- Curtis King – background vocals
- Frank Simms – background vocals
- George Simms – background vocals
- Jeri McManus - art design
- Victoria Pearson - photography
- Steven Meisel - photography
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
|
Certifications and sales
Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Italy (FIMI)[101] | Gold | 50,000‡ |
Japan (Oricon Charts) | — | 47,060[102] |
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[103] | Gold | 30,000‡ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[104] Original release |
Silver | 250,000^ |
United Kingdom (BPI)[32] 2006 release |
Platinum | 600,000‡ |
United States Digital downloads |
— | 347,000[105] |
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone. |
"Material Gworrllllllll!"
"Material Gworrllllllll!" | ||||
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Song by Madonna and Saucy Santana | ||||
Released | August 5, 2022 | |||
Recorded | 2022 | |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 2:42 | |||
Label | Warner | |||
Songwriter(s) |
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Producer(s) | Mike Dean | |||
Madonna chronology | ||||
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Saucy Santana chronology | ||||
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Lyric video | ||||
"Material Gworrllllllll!" on YouTube |
In 2022, Madonna released a collaboration with American rapper Saucy Santana, titled "Material Gworrllllllll!". The song is a remix of Saucy Santana's 2019 single, "Material Girl", combining elements of the song with hers of the same name.[106] "Material Gworrllllllll!" is an electronic track with elements of rap.[107][108] Madonna and Saucy Santana first performed the song in June 2022 at Terminal 5 during the New York City Pride.[109][110]
Charts
Chart (2022) | Peak position |
---|---|
UK Singles Downloads (OCC)[111] | 69 |
See also
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{{cite AV media notes}}
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{{cite AV media notes}}
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{{cite AV media notes}}
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{{cite AV media notes}}
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Bibliography
- Clerk, Carol (2002), Madonnastyle, ISBN 0-7119-8874-9
- Cook, Nicholas (2000), Analysing musical multimedia, ISBN 0-19-816737-7
- ISBN 978-0-313-33811-3
- Feldman, Christopher (2000), Billboard book of number 2 singles, Watson-Guptill, ISBN 0-8230-7695-4
- ISBN 0-7864-1408-1
- ISBN 978-1-56663-495-3
- Lewis, Lisa A. (1991), Gender politics and MTV: voicing the difference, ISBN 0-87722-942-2
- Metz, Andrew; Benson, Carol (1999), The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, ISBN 0-8256-7194-9
- Rooksby, Rikky (2004), The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, ISBN 0-7119-9883-3
- ISBN 0-7432-2880-4
- Timmerman, Dirk (2007), Madonna Live! Secret Re-inventions and Confessions on Tour, Maklu Publications, ISBN 978-90-8595-002-8
External links
- "Material Girl" at Discogs (list of releases)