Medical entomology

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Aedes albopictus
A U.S. Navy medical entomologist identifying insects

The discipline of medical entomology, or public health entomology, and also veterinary entomology is focused upon

vectors
, and involves a tremendous outreach to the public, including local and state officials and other stake holders in the interest of public safety.

Public health entomology has seen a huge surge in interest since 2005, due to the resurgence of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius.

Insects of medical importance

There are many insects (and other arthropods) that affect human health. These arthropods include

Siphonaptera
. They can parasitize, bite, sting, cause allergic reactions, and/or vector disease to humans. insects are good for it can be impossible to know the full impact that insects and other arthropods have on human health. Medical entomologists worldwide are working to combat the known effects in order to improve public health.

Personal pests

Personal pests such as

gut microbiome that can digest the nutrients received from the host.[1] While these ectoparasites feed, the transfer of fluids may transmit diseases such as typhus, plague, and Lyme disease. It is also suspected that bedbugs may also be vectors of hepatitis B.[2]

endoparasite.[3] The act of S. scabiei living in the skin and the allergic response to the parasite is the condition known as scabies
.

Housefly

The

poliomyelitis by carrying the virus from infected faeces to food or drink. Cholera and hepatitis are sometimes fly-borne. Other diseases carried by houseflies are Salmonella, tuberculosis, anthrax, and some forms of ophthalmia
. They carry over 100 pathogens and transmit some parasitic worms. The flies in poorer and lower-hygiene areas usually carry more pathogens. Some strains have become immune to most common insecticides.

Cockroach

allergens
causing responses such as, watery eyes, rashes, congestion of nasal passages and asthma.

Biting insects

There are many insects that bite including

Horse-flies, and stable flies. Through feeding, insects or other arthropod vectors can transmit diseases to humans. Medical entomologists and other medical professionals have helped to develop vaccines that can prevent humans from contracting some of those diseases. They have also developed ways to prevent the arthropods from biting humans. According to a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published in May 2018, illnesses caused by insect bites have tripled from 2004 to 2016.[4]

Insect-borne diseases

Major

  • Dengue fever – Vectors: Aedes aegypti (main vector) Aedes albopictus (minor vector). 50 million people are infected by dengue annually, 25,000 die. Threatens 2.5 billion people in more than 100 countries.
  • Malaria – Vectors: Anopheles mosquitoes. 500 million become severely ill with malaria every year and more than one million die.
  • Leishmaniasis – Vectors: species in the genus Lutzomyia in the New World and Phlebotomus in the Old World. Two million people infected.
  • Xenopsylla cheopis
    At least 100 flea species can transmit plague. Re-emerging major threat several thousand human cases per year. High pathogenicity and rapid spread.
  • Sleeping sickness – Vector: Tsetse fly, not all species. Sleeping sickness threatens millions of people in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa (WHO)
  • Typhus -–Vectors: mites, fleas and body lice 16 million cases a year, resulting in 600,000 deaths annually.
  • Wuchereria bancrofti – most common vectors: the mosquito species: Culex, Anopheles, Mansonia, and Aedes; affects over 120 million people.
  • Yellow fever – Principal vectors: Aedes simpsoni, A. africanus, and A. aegypti in Africa, species in genus Haemagogus in South America, and species in genus Sabethes in France. 200,000 estimated cases of yellow fever (with 30,000 deaths) per year.

Minor

See also

References

  1. ISSN 0301-0511
    .
  2. ^ Vector Control - Methods for Use by Individuals and Communities. World Health Organization. 1997. pp. 237–261.
  3. ^ "Endoparasitic mites - Parasites - ALPF Medical Research". www.alpfmedical.info. Retrieved 2018-09-07.
  4. ^ "Illnesses on the rise". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2018-05-01. Retrieved 2018-09-07.
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