Meshterski
| South Slavic languages and dialects |
|---|
Meshterski (
Latin magister. Meshterski served a linguistically isolating purpose, enabling the builders to communicate in secrecy, and a socially isolating purpose, emphasizing the builders' perceived supremacy over their contractors.[2]
Distribution and vocabulary
The sociolect emerged among the Bulgarian masons in southwestern
sub-Balkan valleys.[2]
Although loanwords often remained semantically unchanged, the Bulgarian vocabulary in the sociolect was substituted with native
metonyms and words from different roots, so as to conceal the true meaning to outsiders, e.g. мокра mokra ("wet", fem.) for вода voda, "water"; гледач gledach ("looker") for око oko, "eye", обло oblo ("round", neut.) for яйце yaytse, "egg".[3] The lexis of Meshterski included not only professional terms and basic vocabulary, but also other words, including religious terms, such as Светлив Svetliv, "Luminous", referring to God or a saint.[4]
Meshterski also spread to other social areas: it was borrowed by tinsmiths in at least one village in the Rhodopes, although with a much reduced vocabulary and renamed to Ganamarski.[5] Albanian words mediated through Meshterski have also entered informal Bulgarian; these included кекав kekav, "weak, sickly" (from keq); кинти kinti, "money, dough" (from qind, "hundred"), скивам skivam, "to see, to take a look" (from shqyrtoj), келеш kelesh, "squirt, mangy fellow" (from qelesh).[6]
Examples
| Cyrillic | Latin | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meshterski | Bulgarian | Meshterski | Bulgarian | English |
| Ветай, райчо, ветай![2] | Върви, слънце, върви! | Vetay, raycho, vetay! | Varvi, slantse, varvi! | Go, Sun, go! |
| Шуле, доветай балта![2] | Момче, донеси кал! | Shule, dovetay balta! | Momche, donesi kal! | Boy, bring [some] mud! |
See also
- Banjački, the cant of bricklayers in Podrinje, western Balkans
- Purishte, Albanian language sociolect spoken by masons of the Opar region
Footnotes
- ^ "Наследство според типа: Дюлгерство" (in Bulgarian). Културните коридори на Югоизточна Европа. 2006–2008. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
- ^ a b c d Николов, "Глава I".
- ^ a b Николов, "Глава II".
- ^ Кузманова, Даниела; Константин Рангочев. "Религиозна лексика в тайните дюлгерски говори" (in Bulgarian). Асоциация за антропология, етнология и фолклористика „Онгъл”. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
- ^ Николов, "Глава III".
- ^ Бобев, Боби; Тома Кацори (1998). "Албанците в България" (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2008-11-29.
References
- Николов, Павел (1979). "Наблюдения върху тайния зидарски (мещренски) говор в селата Гела и Момчиловци" (in Bulgarian). ВТУ "Кирил и Методий", гр. Велико Търново, Филологически факултет, катедра "Българско езикознание". Retrieved 2008-11-29.
External links
- Short dictionary of Meshterski (in Bulgarian)