Mirabehn

Madeleine Slade (22 November 1892 – 20 July 1982), also known as Mirabehn or Meera Behn, was a British supporter of the

She was the daughter of the British Rear-Admiral Sir Edmond Slade and Florence Madeleine, eldest daughter of Mr James Carr Saunders of Milton Heath, Dorking (but born in Reigate, Surrey in 1870). Sir Edmund and his wife also had another daughter, Madeline's sister Rhona.

Early life

Mirabehn was born into a well connected British family in 1892. Her father, Sir Edmond Slade was an officer in the Royal Navy who was posted in Mirabehn's early years as the Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Squadron, later becoming director of the Naval Intelligence Division.^[1] She spent much of her childhood with her maternal grandfather who owned a large country estate, and was from an early age a nature and animal lover,^[2] having developed a love for horses, and for riding them.^[3]

At the age of 15, Mirabehn developed a passion for

In November 1925, she contacted Gandhi and requested to stay in his ashram.[4]^[6] She arrived in Bombay on 6 November 1925, and was met by followers of Gandhi as well as his son, Devdas. Declining to spend the day sightseeing, she set off to Ahmedabad,^[3] where she was received by Mahadev Desai, Vallabhbhai Patel, and Swami Anand on 7 November 1925. This was the beginning of her stay in India that lasted almost 34 years.^[5] Upon meeting her, Gandhi said "You will be my daughter", and gave her the name Mirabehn, which represents the Hindu mystic Mirabai.^[4][6] Speaking about her name Mirabehn, she stated in the spring of 1982, ''It is my name. If someone says 'Miss Slade' to me, I don't know who they are talking to.''^[4]

Mirabehn attended her first annual meeting of the Indian National Congress in December 1925. She spent most of 1926 in Sabarmati, where she spun and wove, cooked, and cleaned in the ashram. In December of that year, she travelled to Delhi, where she stayed at a women's hostel.^[3]

After about a year into her stay in India, Mirabehn continued to struggle with the languages in North India such as Hindi and Gujarati, so Gandhi sent her to Gurukul Kanya and Gurukul Kangri to learn the languages.^[7] Mirabehn had hopes that Gandhi would take her with him after the Jubilee Celebration at Gurukul Kangri, but to her dismay he sent her to Bhagwadbhakti Ashram of Rewari for a better learning experience.^[5][7]

She spent the early months of 1927 visiting ashrams across

Mirabehn's stay in India coincided with the zenith Gandhian phase of the

Upon returning to Bombay from the conference, the new viceroy, Lord Willingdon, arrested Gandhi. Mirabehn then took on the task of preparing weekly reports of who had been arrested, where, and why. This soon led to her arrest, and she was jailed at Arthur Road Jail for three months, where she met Sarojini Naidu and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay. Shortly after being released, she was arrested once again in 1932 for entering Bombay without permission,^[8] this time being jailed for a longer term. She was transferred to Sabarmati Jail in Ahmedabad, where she shared a cell with Kasturba, Gandhi's wife.^[3][9]

In the summer of 1934, she asked Gandhi for permission to tour the West to promote the Indian independence movement. She spoke in London, Wales, Lancashire, and Newcastle, among other locations. The tour included a meeting with former British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, and a correspondence and eventual meeting with Winston Churchill. Throughout, she spoke about how Indians were more than capable of running the country on their own, the destruction British colonialism caused to the rural industry, and the high taxes being imposed upon Indians.^[3][5]

She then travelled to the United States through her contact with Priest John Haynes Holmes, and in her two-week tour she spoke to 22 gatherings, spoke on 5 radio broadcasts, and met First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt.^[3][5]

Mirabehn also took an active interest in the establishment of the

In August 1942, Mirabehn was arrested along with Gandhi and many Congress leaders as they launched the 'Quit India' movement.^[3] They were jailed in Aga Khan Palace, Pune until May 1944. Both Mahadev Desai and Kasturba Gandhi died while jailed at the palace.^[5]

After her release from jail, with Gandhi's permission, she established the Kisan Ashram on a plot of land near Haridwar.^[5] Here, the locals constructed a home and a cattle shed. Soon the ashram was home to cows and bullocks, a shed for khadi, and a dispensary for basic medicine. She then moved to Pashulok in 1946, at the request of Govind Ballabh Pant, who wanted to involve her in agriculture extension programs.^[3]

Despite living in an ashram, she maintained correspondence with Gandhi through 1947, and spent 3 months with him in Delhi after she fell ill towards the end of the year.^[3]

Throughout her life, she was a witness to the

She returned to England in 1959, and relocated to Austria in 1960.[12] Her long-time friend, India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, whom Mirabehn had known since Gandhi was a child, made sure she was taken care of even while in Austria. Gandhi had instructed the Indian Embassy in Austria to provide Mirabehn with whatever she needed. Throughout her years in Austria, four of her friends visited her daily. Nonetheless, she continued to voluntarily live a simple life, eating only natural foods and abstaining from using labor saving devices.^[4] She spent 22 years in small villages in the Vienna Woods (Baden, Hinterbrühl, Kracking), where she died in 1982.^[12]

She was awarded India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1981.^[13]

Books by Mirabehn

Mirabehn's autobiography is titled The Spiritual Pilgrimage. She also published Bapu's Letters to Mira and New and Old Gleanings.^[14][15] Mirabehn drafted a book called “Beethoven’s Mystical Vision” (not “The Spirit of Beethoven”). It was published in Madurai by Khadi Friends Forum in 1999, and then a second, digital edition in 2000 by MGM University.

In popular culture

• Actress Geraldine James portrayed her in Richard Attenborough's film, Gandhi, which premiered several months after Mirabehn's death in 1982.^[16]
• In Mira and the Mahatma, Sudhir Kakar provides a fictional account of Mirabehn's relationship with Gandhi as his disciple.^[17]
• In his book, Rebels Against the Raj, Ramchandra Guha tells the story of how Mirabehn and six other foreigners served India in its quest for independence from the British Raj.^[18]

Bibliography

• Spirits Pilgrimage, by Mirabehn. Great River Books. 1984.
  ISBN 0-915556-13-8
  .
• New and old gleanings, by Mirabehn. Navajivan Pub. House. 1964.

• Gandhism
• Sarla Behn

References

Further reading

• Letters to Mirabehn, by Mahatma Gandhi. # Greenleaf Books. 1983.
  ISBN 0-934676-53-4
  .

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Madeleine Slade.

• Biography from mkgandhi.org
• In the company of Bapu: In the just-released Mira & the Mahatma, psychoanalyst Sudhir Kakar delves into the complex relationship between a remarkable Englishwoman and the man she worshiped –
  The Telegraph
• Video interview with Mirabehn. A description of the video is here.