Netherlands Indies Civil Administration
Netherlands Indies Civil Administration | |
---|---|
Nederlandsch-Indische Civiele Administratie | |
Leaders | Hubertus Johannes van Mook Raden Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo |
Dates of operation | 1944–1947 |
Allegiance | Netherlands Dutch East Indies |
Active regions | Indonesian Archipelago |
Status | Semi-military |
Allies | Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
United States[a] United Kingdom[b] Australia[b] |
Opponents | Japan[a] Indonesia |
Battles and wars | World War II Indonesian War of Independence |
The Netherlands Indies Civil Administration (Dutch: Nederlandsch-Indische Civiele Administratie, NICA) was a semi-military organisation, established in April 1944, tasked with the restoration of civil administration and law of Dutch colonial rule after the capitulation of the Japanese occupational forces in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) at the end of World War II.[1]
In January 1946, its name was changed to the Allied Military Administration–Civil Affairs Branch (AMACAB). After the disengagement of the British South East Asia Command (SEAC) from the Indonesian Archipelago, the organization was renamed as the Temporary Administrative Service (Dutch: Tijdelijke Bestuursdienst) in June 1946.
Foundation
The NICA was established on 3 April 1944 in Australia and operated as a link between the
Early activity
Still in April 1944, the first NICA detachments went ashore at Hollandia (present-day
US support and supplies to the NICA virtually ended when it became clear that after 15 August 1945, military command was transferred from the American SWPA to the British South East Asia Command (SEAC). The 250 NICA detachments planned for deployment to Java were halted. The reoccupation of Sumatra, Java, Bali, and Lombok became a British responsibility, while the rest of the archipelago became an Australian responsibility. On 24 August, the Dutch signed the new Anglo–Dutch Civil Affairs Agreement with Lord Mountbatten, supreme commander of the SEAC.[1]
In September 1945, the first NICA representatives set foot in Batavia (present-day Jakarta). In response to the strong, averse reaction of the Indonesian revolutionaries to the arrival of the NICA and the inclusion of the colonial term 'Netherlands Indies' in its name, it was renamed to the Allied Military Administration–Civil Affairs Branch (AMACAB) in January 1946.[1] After the departure of British and Australian forces from the Indonesian Archipelago, its name was changed into the Temporary Administrative Service in June 1946.
Commanders
NICA's highest commander was the Dutch totok Acting Lieutenant Governor-General
-
Hubertus Johannes van Mook
-
Raden Abdulkadir Widjojoatmodjo
See also
- Dutch colonial empire
- Van Mook–MacArthur Civil Affairs Agreement (1944)
- Anglo–Dutch Civil Affairs Agreement (1945)
Notes
References
Bibliography
- Touwen-Bouwsma, Elly; Groen, Petra M. H., eds. (1996). Tussen Banzai en Bersiap. De afwikkeling van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Nederlands-Indië [Between Banzai and Bersiap: The Completion of the Second World War in the Netherlands Indies] (in Dutch). The Hague: SDU. ISBN 978-9012082518.
- Zijlmans, G.C. (1985). Eindstrijd en ondergang van de Indische bestuursdienst. Het corps binnenlands bestuur op Java 1945-1950. Amsterdam. ISBN 9789067070713.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Bussemaker, H. Th. (2005). Bersiap. Opstand in het Paradijs (in Dutch). Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN 9789057309014.
- Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (2001). A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300. Stanford University Press. p. 99. ISBN 9780804721943.
- Cheong, Yong Mun (1982). H.J. Van Mook and Indonesian Independence: A Study of His Role in Dutch-Indonesian Relations, 1945-48. The Hague: Nijhoff. ISBN 9789024791415.
External links
- NICA (Netherlands Indies Civil Administration) online dictionary. Retrieved July 2012. Archived November 2015.
- NICA issued stamps. Dai Nippon. Retrieved July 2012. Archived April 2014.