New jack swing

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

New jack swing
Other names
  • New jack
  • swingbeat
Stylistic origins
  • Golden age of hip hop

New jack swing, new jack, or swingbeat

urban contemporary sound of R&B. Spearheaded by producers Teddy Riley, Bernard Belle, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
, new jack swing was most popular from the late 1980s to early 1990s.

drum machines, such as the SP-1200 sampler and Roland TR-808, to lay an "insistent beat under light melody lines and clearly enunciated vocals."[1] The Roland TR-808 was sampled to create distinctive, syncopated, swung rhythms, with its snare sound being especially prominent.[4][5][1]

History

Janet Jackson's Control, released in 1986, was one of the most critically acclaimed albums of the 1980s.[6]

Kyle West remembered 1985 as the year he listened to new jack swing with Teddy Riley.[7] Riley as well as drummer Lenny White credit the start of new jack swing to English singer-songwriter and producer Junior Giscombe and his 1985 single "Oh Louise".[8][9] Some music critics said Full Force's "Alice, I Want You Just for Me" (1985) was the first new jack swing song, and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis called Full Force and said Alice was their favorite song, and their favorite group was Full Force.[10] After that, Jam & Lewis produced Janet Jackson's digital R&B album, Control (1986). Musicologist Richard J. Ripani PhD, author of The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950–1999 (2006), observed that the album was one of the first successful records to influence the rise of new jack swing by creating a fusion of R&B, rap, funk, disco and synthesized percussion.[11] The new jack swing sound is particularly evident in the second single, "Nasty".[12] The success of Control, according to Ripani, bridged the gap between R&B and rap music.[11] He asserts that "since Jackson's album was released in 1986 and was hugely successful, it is not unreasonable to assume that it had at least some impact on the new jack swing creations of Teddy Riley."[11] Mantronix's early records in the mid-1980s also had new jack elements.[13]

The term "new jack swing" was coined in an October 18, 1987

crackhouses of Teddy Riley's time."[16]

The term "new jack swing" describes the sound produced and

R&B/hip hop artist and producer Teddy Riley. Riley is an American R&B and hip hop singer-songwriter, musician and record producer. He led the band Guy in the late 1980s and Blackstreet in the 1990s. Riley said, "I define the term [new jack swing] as a new kid on the block who's swinging it."[17] The defining feature of Riley's music was the introduction of swingbeats, "a rhythmic pattern using offbeat accented 16th note triplets." In an interview with Revolt TV in 2017, Andre Harrell called Riley the inventor of the sound, hailing him "the king of New Jack Swing, because he invented it."[18]

Music website VH1.com notes that, while "hip-hop and R&B are kissing cousins" in the 2000s, "the two genres were seldom mentioned in the same breath" in the early 1980s. However, in the late 1980s, "during the era of

high-top fades, and parachute pants, producer Teddy Riley and label boss Andre Harrell successfully fused and marketed the two sounds in a sexy, exclamatory music that critics termed new jack swing. It sparked a revolution." Riley stated that before new jack swing, "Rappers and singers didn't want anything to do with one another", because "Singers were soft, rappers were street." Riley's new style blended "sweet melody and big beats."[19] The sensibilities of Riley's fusion of the styles would forever change pop music/hip-hop music pairing and was further popularized with Bad Boy
's dominance of the late '90s through much of the same techniques. Riley, a 19-year-old man from Harlem, quickly became an A-list producer and commanded big fees to add his sound to major artist projects.

Influences

The 1989 film

A Different World, Waynehead and In Living Color are other television programs of the era which exhibit influences from the new jack swing style. Video Soul, Soul Train, Showtime at the Apollo as well as the late night talk show The Arsenio Hall Show
also helped to promote these acts.

Poetic Justice, used New Jack Swing songs in their soundtracks. Dance-oriented artists such as Michael Jackson, the Good Girls, Jane Child, Tammy Lucus, Abstrac, Nayobe, Paula Abdul and Bell Biv DeVoe
also have new jack swing elements in their late 1980s and early 1990s output.

To date the most successful new jack swing album is Dangerous, released in 1991 by Michael Jackson, produced by Jackson and Riley, which has sold over 30 million copies worldwide.[22][23][24]

Golden age

"You Called and Told Me"
Produced by Dave Hall, the gold-certified single by Jeff Redd was featured on the soundtrack album to the 1991 film Strictly Business.[25]
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Many songs with elements of new jack swing peaked in the top 10 of the U.S. R&B and U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s. The height of its popularity was 1988-1993, with it reaching its peak in 1990.

In the Spring of 1988, Keith Sweat's first new jack swing song "I Want Her" peaked at number 5 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.[26] It is considered the first official New Jack Swing hit. A few months later, Bobby Brown's "My Prerogative" would take the genre even further.

The musician and record producer

Hot Dance Music/Club Play. The musician and Al B. Sure!
had success with "Nite and Day" and other two singles went to the Top 5 of the R&B chart in 1988.

Michael Jackson holds the record for the best-selling new jack swing album with his 1991 release, Dangerous.

In 1988,

Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks, including "Little Walter" which hit number 1. New Edition, after being in a transition due to the departure of Bobby Brown, recruited Johnny Gill as his placement, leading to the release of the Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis produced album Heart Break, which spun off five hit singles "If It Isn't Love", "You're Not My Kind of Girl", "Can You Stand the Rain", "Crucial", and "N.E. Heartbreak
".

In 1988, Wreckx-n-Effect, a Teddy Riley-produced group which garnered press attention regarding their use of bikini-clad women in their videos, released "New Jack Swing", helping to popularize the new name for the emerging style. That same year, Fenderella garnered a hit with "Mr. DJ", a song with featured Doug E. Fresh, who was known as the "human beatbox" for his realistic imitations of drum machines and other hip-hop sounds.

Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis produced seven top 5 singles off Janet Jackson's 1989 album

Today
, had a hit with "Girl I Got My Eyes on You", which garnered a number 1 spot on the US R&B charts.

After the band

Antonio "L.A." Reid (later become record executive). The single topped the US Hot 100, giving Babyface his first produced number 1 song while further helping to bring the genre to the mainstream.[28] Fourth single "My Name Is Not Susan" also utilized the same style, peaking at number 20 on the US Top 100.[29]

In 1990,

Today charted again in 1990 with "Why You Gettin' Funky on Me?", which reached number 2 on the R&B charts. "Let's Chill" by Guy
garnered a number 3 spot on the US R&B charts.

"Feels Like Another One" is a 1991 single co-written and recorded by singer Patti LaBelle off her album, Burnin. The new jack swing-styled track was the leading track for LaBelle's eleventh solo album and featured a rap from rapper Big Daddy Kane. The track became successful on the R&B chart as it ended up peaking at number three on the Hot R&B Singles chart. The video for the song was shot at the Apollo Theater and also featured Kane, who appeared at LaBelle's show wearing a tux. The song would help LaBelle's album go gold. Color Me Badd had a number 1 hit with "I Wanna Sex You Up". That same year, Christopher Williams released a single "I'm Dreamin'" from the New Jack City soundtrack, which became a number 1 single on Billboard′s Hot R&B/Hip-Hop chart. Boyz II Men's debut single "Motownphilly" was a number 1 R&B and top 5 U.S. pop hit. "I Like the Way (The Kissing Game)" by Hi-Five garnered the US number 1 and R&B number 1 spots. Jodeci's debut album Forever My Lady garnered three number 1 R&B Hits in the fall of 1991 ("Forever My Lady", "Stay", and "Come and Talk To Me"). "

Exclusivity" by Damian Dame charted as number-one R&B single, spending two weeks at the top position, a position also achieved by the Rude Boys with their song "Are You Lonely For Me
".

In 1992,

TLC's debut album, Ooooooohhh... On the TLC Tip (1992) had several hits, including "What About Your Friends", "Ain't 2 Proud 2 Beg" and "Baby-Baby-Baby
".

In 1995,

This is How We Do It", which after its release saw the popularity of the genre decline. As hip hop culture
became increasingly ubiquitous, the pop-crossover approach and perceived artifice of new jack swing began to lose its appeal with young urban listeners. Even the creator of the New Jack Swing, Teddy Riley, made his sound evolve with his second supergroup BLACKStreet, with their 1994's eponymous first album. A sound he sometimes called "Heavy R&B" in interviews.

The last hit single to use the classic new jack swing sound was Michael Jackson's "Blood on the Dance Floor", released in 1997.[30]

Incorporation into pop music

Australian pop singer

Word Is Out". The album and singles achieved notable success in the UK, Australia and throughout Europe.[31]

Revival

American pop singer Bruno Mars infused elements into his 2016 third album 24K Magic, with fifth single "Finesse" being completely influenced by new jack swing.[32] The song was a commercial success, peaking at number two in New Zealand, number three in the United States and Canada, and the top ten of Australia, Ireland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

Artists

Main article: List of new jack swing artists

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Silverton, Peter. "New Jack Swing". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on September 11, 2015. Retrieved July 26, 2016.
  2. ^ "Definition of JACK SWING". Merriam-Webster. Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011.
  3. ^ Jenkins, Jake (November 19, 2021). "Groove Me! Re-creating New Jack Swing in the Box". inSync. Sweetwater Sound. Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  4. ^ Mellonee V. Burnim, Portia K. Maultsby, African American Music: An Introduction, page 368, Routledge
  5. ^ "Alton 'Wokie' Stewart". AllMusic. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  6. ^ "Remembering 'Control' 30 Years Later: How Janet Jackson's Third Album Cemented Her Icon Status". Billboard. Retrieved November 16, 2019.
  7. ^ "How the New Jack Swing Movement Redefined an Era - PopMatters". www.popmatters.com. June 24, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
  8. ^ Edwards, Michael J. (2016). "Junior Giscombe Interview - Part 2". ukvibe.org.
  9. ^ Junior Shares A Universal Message In "Mama Used To Say", September 7, 2022, retrieved September 9, 2022
  10. ^ Full Force first album linernotes "Some critic said Alice was the first NJS"
  11. ^
    ISBN 1-57806-862-2
    .
  12. ISBN 1-57806-862-2
  13. ^ Willey, Omar. "Do You Like...Mantronix?". Cheebadesign.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2006. Retrieved March 30, 2007.
  14. ^ Cooper, Barry Michael (October 18, 1987). "Teddy Riley's New Jack Swing: Harlem Gangsters Raise a Genius". The Village Voice.
  15. ^ See the usage in an article about DMC: "But the bottom line is Darryl McDaniel IS DMC. He's not some new jack who's trying to make himself into something he isn't." Old School Feature – Run DMC Concert Review March 2001; 18 March 2001. Also, in lyrics for "Stix & Stonz" by De La Soul, featuring Grandmaster Caz and Tito.
  16. ^ "Barry Michael Cooper Part 1". Archived from the original on March 24, 2009.
  17. ^ Holden, Stephen (February 6, 1991). "Quite a Guy". The New York Times.
  18. ^ Bristout, Ralph. "Groove Me: The story of New Jack Swing". Revolt TV. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
  19. ^ "VH1 Original TV Shows, Reality TV Shows – VH1". VH1. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved November 5, 2007.
  20. ISSN 0190-8286
    . Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  21. ^ Carmichael, Rodney (2007). "Bobby Brown: His prerogative". Creative Loafing. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  22. ^ "Michael Jackson sulla sedia a rotelle". AffarItaliani.it. July 11, 2008. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
  23. ^ Carter, Kelley L. (August 10, 2008). "5 Things You Can Learn About..." Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  24. ^ "Michael Jackson's Life & Legacy: The Eccentric King Of Pop (1986–1999)". MTV. July 6, 2010. Retrieved January 21, 2011.
  25. ^ "Jeff Redd" (PDF) (Press release). New York City: Sol Real Bookings Ent... 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
  26. ^ "Keith Sweat – The Official Website". Keith Sweat – The Official Website.
  27. ^ "New Jack City". BAM.org.
  28. ^ VH1: A History of Soul
  29. Considine, J.D. "Whitney Houston's latest release never quite ignites". The Baltimore Sun
    .
  30. ^ Anthony Violanti. (May 23, 1997). "Lost Soul....". The Buffalo News.
  31. ^ "Kylie: Revisited #4: 'Let's Get To It'". Digital Spy. May 22, 2010.
  32. ^ Sullivan, Caroline (November 24, 2016). "Bruno Mars: 24K Magic review – Barry Manilow in 90s R&B clothing". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 25, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.

External links

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