Noninvasive glucose monitor
Non-invasive glucose monitor | |
---|---|
Purpose | measurement of blood glucose levels |
Noninvasive glucose monitoring (NIGM) is the measurement of
History
As of 1999[update], only one such product had been approved for sale by the
Hundreds of millions of dollars have been invested in companies who have sought the solution to this long-standing problem. Approaches that have been tried include
A 2012 study reviewed ten technologies:
As of 2014[update], disregarding the severe shortcomings mentioned above, at least one non-invasive glucose meter was being marketed in a number of countries.[7][8] Still, as the mean absolute deviation of this device was nearly 30% in clinical trials, "further research efforts were desired to significantly improve the accuracy [...]".[9]
While multiple technologies have been tried, Raman spectroscopy has gained traction as one promising technology for measuring glucose in
In 2020, German Institute for Diabetes-Technology published data from 15 subjects with type 1 diabetes on a new prototype GlucoBeam based on Raman spectroscopy from RSP Systems Denmark, showing a MARD of 23.6% on independent validation in out-patient setup with up till 8 days without recalibration.[14]
With accuracy on marketed BGM devices in the US between 5.6 and 20.8%.[15] A NIGM solution would likely need to have an accuracy with a MARD below 20% to be widely accepted.
The number of clinical trials of non-invasive glucose monitors has grown throughout the 21st century. While the National Institutes of Health recorded only 4 clinical investigations of the technology from 2000 to 2015, there were 16 from 2016 to 2020.[16]
References
- ^ The Pursuit of Noninvasive Glucose, 7th Edition, by John L. Smith, Ph.D.
- PMID 10573275.
- ^ Ahmad M, Kamboh A, Khan A (16 October 2013). "Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy". EDN Network.
- S2CID 56719208.
- S2CID 52932653.
- PMID 23166457.
- ^ "Distributors | GlucoTrack".
- ^ "Cnoga Medical".
- PMID 26824930.
- PMID 20144354.
- PMID 30046865.
- PMID 29750797.
- PMID 32042901.
- PMID 32783466.
- PMID 27697848.
- ^ "ClinicalTrials.gov". clinicaltrials.gov. Retrieved 2020-08-28.