Nothofagus alpina
Nothofagus alpina | |
---|---|
Adult tree | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Nothofagaceae |
Genus: | Nothofagus |
Subgenus: | Nothofagus subg. Lophozonia
|
Species: | N. alpina
|
Binomial name | |
Nothofagus alpina Popp. & Endl.
| |
Synonyms | |
Lophozonia alpina |
Nothofagus alpina, also called rauli
Description
Fruit made up by a cupule of 4 narrow valves, in its interior 2 to 3 little yellowish nuts 6 mm long, a little hairy, being the two lower triangular, tri-winged, and the flat internal, bi-winged.
Raulí wood is pinkish with brown-reddish color and has a very fine grain. It is relatively easy to work and of medium weight. It is used in furniture, barrels for very fine Chilean wines, doors, veneers, shingles and floors. It has been introduced as ornamental in Great Britain and it grows well in Western Scotland, where it gets the necessary rainfall for its good growth; minimum 750 mm (30 in). It is very promising as a forestry tree in Western Great Britain and regenerates easily after coppicing.[4]
-
Young tree.
-
Leaves.
-
Flowers.
Frost hardiness study in Britain
Provenance sources from different places from its natural environment were tested in cultivation at the Bush estate in Scotland. Seedlots of Nothofagus alpina and Nothofagus obliqua were tested. The results of the testing in relation to the sources were reported as:
- Ñuble in Chile. This was the most equatorial source and these seedlots proved to be the most susceptible to frost.
- were the most hardy. Overall, Nothofagus alpina performed better than Nothofagus obliqua.
Past temperature records for Britain suggest that seedlots run a high risk of suffering severe frost damage in all but mild coastal regions, and that spring and autumn frosts may be more damaging than winter frosts.[5][6]
Experimental plantations established in Wales suffered severe damage during the 1981–1982 cold wave that swept through Britain.[7]
Other locations
At Nautesund in Norway[8] where the extreme minimum annual temperature is -14 °C, combined with a south-facing exposure, good rainfall, and shelter from polar winds allow specimens of Rauli to grow.
Hybrids
- Nothofagus alpina hybridises with Nothofagus obliqua to form the hybrid species Nothofagus × dodecaphleps.[3]
References and external links
- . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ . Retrieved 31 May 2015.
- ISBN 0-333-47494-5
- ^ M. B. Murray, M. G. R. Cannell, L. J. Sheppard and R. Lines. 1986. Frost Hardiness of Nothofagus procera (alpina) and Nothofagus obliqua in Britain. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. Forestry Commission, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland.
- ^ "Frost Hardiness of Nothofagus procera and Nothofagus obliqua in Britain". Oxford Journals. Archived from the original on 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2010-03-19.
- Quarterly Journal of Forestry. LXXXV (2): 103–116.
- ^ "Rauli in Norway". GIT Forestry Consulting. Archived from the original on 2009-06-18. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- Donoso, C. 2005. Árboles nativos de Chile. Guía de reconocimiento. Edición 4. Marisa Cuneo Ediciones, Valdivia, Chile. 136p.
- Hoffmann, Adriana. 1998. Flora Silvestre de Chile, Zona Central. Edición 4. Fundación Claudio Gay, Santiago. 254p.
- Rodríguez, R. & Quezada, M. 2003. Fagaceae. En C. Marticorena y R. Rodríguez [eds.], Flora de Chile Vol. 2(2), pp 64–76. Universidad de Concepción, Concepción.
- Bean. W. 1981 Trees and Shrubs Hardy in Great Britain. Vol 1 - 4 and Supplement. Murray.