Orbital lymphoma
This article needs additional citations for verification. (March 2015) |
Orbital lymphoma | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Specialty | Oncology ![]() |
Orbital lymphoma is a common type of
Types
There are two main types of intraocular lymphomas: primary central nervous system involvement (PCNSL) and primary central nervous system with ocular involvement (PCNSLO). The difference between PCNSL and PCNSLO is that PNSCL involves the central nervous system, while PCNSLO does not. 56-86% of orbital lymphomas are classified PCNSL and 15-25% are classified PCNSLO.[1][2][3][4]
PCNSLO is common in people who are severely immunosuppressed.
Symptoms of this form of ocular lymphoma include painless decreased vision, sensitivity to light, a red eye, and floaters. Diagnosis is difficult due to its gradual onset and the fact that the symptoms are the same as other diseases.
PCNSLO is usually bilateral, but sometimes grows unevenly. Like other metastatic tumors of the eye, it is usually confined to the choroid.[5]
Signs and symptoms
Primary visible signs of ocular lymphoma include
Pathophysiology
Recent studies[
Ocular MALT lymphomas may also be associated with Chlamydia psittaci,[6][7] although whether or not this is the case is still debated.[6]
Diagnosis
Classification
There are two types of ocular lymphomas: intraocular lymphomas and adnexal lymphomas. An intraocular lymphoma occurs within the eye, while an adnexal lymphoma occurs outside, but adjoined to the eye.
Treatment
Epidemiology
Orbital lymphoma accounts for 55% of malignant orbital tumors in adults.[11] In one study, this was 10% of patients presenting with orbital tumors or similar lesions.[12] Orbital lymphoma is more prevalent in Asia and Europe than in the United States.[13][14][15][16]
Although intraocular lymphoma is rare, the number of cases per year is rising, affecting mainly people in their seventies[17][18] and immunocompromised patients.[19][20] A recent study has shown that ocular lymphoma is more prevalent in women than men.[21]
The survival rate is approximately 60% after 5 years.[citation needed]
References
- PMID 3050698.
- PMID 7013487.
- S2CID 196366844.
- PMID 3323986.
- S2CID 22751067.
- ^ PMID 16166588. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- S2CID 41716903.
- PMID 15380588.
- ISBN 978-81-8448-403-8.
- ISBN 978-0-944235-15-7.
- PMID 10026734.
- PMID 15121380. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- PMID 15531337. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- S2CID 23434526.
- PMID 9708949.
- PMID 10071158.
- PMID 16818858. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- PMID 11825802. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- ^ Burnier MN Jr, Stockl FA, Dolmetsch AM. Large B-cell lymphoma of the retina and CNS. Presented at the 1994 Annual Meeting of the Eastern Ophthalmic Pathology Society, Boston, Mass. October 1994.
- S2CID 36849488.
- S2CID 30013904.