Phellodendron
Phellodendron | |
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Phellodendron amurense autumn leaves and fruit | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Sapindales |
Family: | Rutaceae |
Subfamily: | Zanthoxyloideae |
Genus: | Phellodendron Rupr.
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Species | |
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Phellodendron, or cork-tree, is a genus of
Fossil record
Phellodendron seeds are known from the Early Oligocene of eastern North America, from the Mid Oligocene to the Pliocene of Europe and from the Pliocene of Asia and Japan.[2]
One
Several Phellodendron macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.[4]Cultivation and uses
As an ornamental plant, Phellodendron is a tree for all seasons. In spring it has yellow flowers, in summer it provides foliage and shade, in fall the leaves turn bright yellow, and the textured bark and winding branches add interest in the winter. The female bears black drupes that attract birds and other wildlife through the late fall and winter.
The cork-tree is resistant to drought and
The bark in some species is thick, resembling that of the
One species,
- Berberine has antibacterial and anti-fungal properties[citation needed]
- Jatrorrhizine may be anti-mutagenic[citation needed]
- immune suppressant[citation needed]
- Palmatine may be a vasodilator[citation needed]
The phytochemical descriptions are included for informational purposes only and not for treatment purposes. The research at this stage is very preliminary. Traditionally, the
Already identified as a significant forest invader in the mid-Atlantic region, Phellodendron amurense is an emerging species of concern in New England, and is identified as invasive or having invasive tendencies by state and private conservation authorities.[5][6][7] Because the fruit is plentiful and high in sugars, Amur cork-tree attracts birds and mammals which help disperse its seeds. Because of its phytochemical profile and because the seedlings grow thickly, Phellodendron can out-compete other species. By suppressing reproduction of native hardwoods, Amur cork-tree can come to dominate native forests under favorable conditions. As a relatively new species of concern, its invasion biology and response to control are not well understood.
References
- .
- ISBN 978-3-642-14396-0
- ^ Łańcucka-Środoniowa M.: Macroscopic plant remains from the freshwater Miocene of the Nowy Sącz Basin (West Carpathians, Poland) [Szczątki makroskopowe roślin z miocenu słodkowodnego Kotliny Sądeckiej (Karpaty Zachodnie, Polska)]. Acta Palaeobotanica 1979 20 (1): 3-117.
- ^ Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.
- ^ "TNC Invasive Species Initiative page". Archived from the original on 2006-09-26. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
- ^ "Phellodendron amurense". Archived from the original on 2006-11-11. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
- ^ "Rhode Island Invasive Species Portal: Resources: RI Invasive Species List". Archived from the original on 2006-09-06. Retrieved 2006-11-13.