Physcia caesia
| Physcia caesia | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Caliciales |
| Family: | Physciaceae |
| Genus: | Physcia |
| Species: | P. caesia
|
| Binomial name | |
| Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Hampe, 1839
| |
| Subspecies | |
|
Physcia caesia caesia | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Borrera caesia (Hoffm.) Mudd, 1861 | |
Physcia caesia, known colloquially as blue-gray rosette lichen and powder-back lichen, is a species of
Capable of growing at a multitude of angles on a variety of surfaces, Physcia caesia also tolerates a wide range of environmental extremes from the high temperatures of desert locations to the low temperatures of the Antarctic. It grows on both dry stone and that moistened by seepage, and can survive being irregularly submerged for extended periods underwater. Like many lichens that grow on rock, Physcia caesia is able to extract nutrients from the substrate upon which it grows, as well as from rainwater and atmospheric dust. It is threatened by habitat loss through development, as well as trampling or overgrowth of its location. A number of
Taxonomy
Physcia caesia was first
The genus name Physcia means "inflated" or "sausage-like", referring to the form of the type species.[7] The specific epithet caesia is a Latin word meaning "blue-gray".[8] Physcia caesia is known colloquially as blue-gray rosette lichen and powder-back lichen.[9]
Description
Physcia caesia is a
The lichen's cortex and medulla react positively with potassium hydroxide (K), turning yellow.[11] Cortex and medulla react positively with para-phenylenediamene (Pd) as well, also turning yellow. They produce no reaction with calcium or sodium hypochlorite (bleach – C),[10] nor with KC (potassium hydroxide quickly followed by bleach).[13] Among the substances produced by the lichen are atranorin and zeorin.[9]
Similar species
Physcia caesia was long considered to be a species pair with the very similar Physcia aipolia; the latter is regularly covered with black apothecia, and typically grows epiphytically.[4] Physcia caesia may also be confused with Physcia poncinsii, but the latter has "crateriform" (hollowed, like a bowl or saucer) rather than rounded soralia, and obviously convex lobes.[14] It may also be confused with Physcia dubia which, like Physcia caesia, can be quite variable; however, P. dubia has lip-shaped soralia (which tend to be primarily apical), and its thallus does not react with potassium hydroxide.[3]
Distribution and habitat
Physcia caesia is widespread across much of the world, found in
It is common on calcareous substrates, growing on
Ecology
Physcia caesia tolerates a variety of locations, occurring on vertical, angled and horizontal surfaces, as well as rocky overhangs. It is found on both dry stone and stone moistened by seepage,
Like many lichens that grow on rocky substrates, Physcia caesia is able to accumulate a number of necessary nutrients—including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron—from the substrate upon which it grows, as well as from rainwater and atmospheric dust.
In Greenland, it often grows in association with other lichen species tolerant of enriched environments, including
Foliose lichens such as Physcia caesia are intermediate in their response to air pollution — less sensitive than
References
- Species Fungorum. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ a b c "Physcia caesia". MycoBank. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Moberg & Hansen (1986), p. 9–10.
- ^ S2CID 196621949.
- S2CID 86657575.
- ^ "Physcia wainioi". MycoBank. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
- ^ a b Dobson (2011), p. 337.
- ^ Anthon & Frueund (1873), p. 132.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Brodo, Sharnoff & Sharnoff (2001), p. 553.
- ^ a b c d e f Hale & Cole (1998), p. 98.
- ^ a b c d e Dobson (2011), p. 340.
- S2CID 85776368.
- ^ a b "Physcia caesia". lichenportal.org. Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
- ^ a b Galloway, D. J.; Moberg, R. (2005). "The lichen genus Physcia (Schreb.) Michx (Physciaceae: Ascomycota) in New Zealand" (PDF). Tuhinga. 16: 59–91.
- .
- ^ Rai & Upreti (2014), p. 226.
- ^ "Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fürnr". ala.org.au. Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
- ^ a b Cowan (2014), pp. 142–144.
- ^ Frank-Kamenetskaya, Panova & Vlasov (2016), p. 407.
- JSTOR 3242712.
- .
- JSTOR 3242022.
- ^ Pugnaire & Valladares (1999), p. 519.
- ^ Ahmadijian (1973), pp. 240–241.
- ^ St. Clair & Seaward (2004), p. 159.
- ^ Sutton, Reis & Baker (2009), pp. 74–76.
- ^ Gadd (2006), p. 346.
- S2CID 54024804.
- ^ Ahmadijian (1973), p. 487.
- JSTOR 43519036.
- JSTOR 40023608.
- JSTOR 4543475.
- ^ Kelcey & Müller (2011), pp. 106–107.
- ^ Alstrup & Hawksworth (1991), p. 8.
- ^ de los Rios, Asunción; Ascaso, Carmen; Grube, Martin. "Infection mechanisms of lichenicolous fungi studied by various microscopic techniques". In Llimona, X.; Lumbsch, H. T.; Ott, S. (eds.). Progress and Problems in Lichenology at the Turn of the Millenium (PDF). Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 82. pp. 153–161.
- ISSN 2154-8889.
- ^ Alstrup & Hawksworth (1991), p. 16.
- ^ Svane, Svanhildur Jónsdóttir; Alstrup, Vagn (2004). "Some lichenicolous fungi from Iceland" (PDF). Acta Botanica Islandica. 14: 53–58.
Cited books
- Ahmadijian, Vernon; Hale, Mason E., eds. (1973). The Lichens. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-044950-1.
- Alstrup, Vagn; Hawksworth, David L. (1991). The Lichenicolous Fungi of Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland. Vol. 31. Copenhagen, Denmark: Bioscience. ISBN 978-87-635-1202-2.
- Anthon, Charles (1873). A Latin-English and English-Latin Dictionary. New York, NY, USA: Harper and Brothers.
- Brodo, Irwin W.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08249-5.
- Cowan, Don, ed. (2014). Antarctic Terrestrial Microbiology: Physical and Biological Properties of Antarctic Soils. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. ISBN 978-3-642-45212-3.
- Dobson, Frank S. (2011). Lichens: An Illustrated Guide to the British and Irish Species. Slough, UK: Richmond Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85546-315-1.
- Frank-Kamenetskaya, Olga V.; Panova, Elena G.; Vlasov, Dmitry Yu., eds. (2016). Biogenic—Abiogenic Interactions in Natural and Anthropogenic Systems. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-24985-8.
- ISBN 0-521-84579-3.
- Hale, Jr., Mason E.; Cole, Mariette (1998). Lichens of California. Berkeley, CA, USA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-05712-0.
- Kelcey, John G.; Müller, Norbert, eds. (2011). Plants and Habitats of European Cities. New York, NY, USA: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-89683-0.
- Moberg, Roland; Hansen, Eric Steen (1986). The Lichen Genus Physcia and Allied Genera in Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland. Vol. 22. Copenhagen, Denmark: Bioscience. ISBN 978-87-635-1182-7.
- Pugnaire, Francisco I.; Valladares, Fernando, eds. (1999). Handbook of Functional Plant Ecology. New York, NY, US: Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-1950-6.
- Rai, Himanshu; Upreti, Dalip K., eds. (2014). Terricolous Lichens in India: Volume 2: Morphotaxonomic Studies. New York, NY, USA: Springer. ISBN 978-1-4939-0359-7.
- St. Clair, Larry L.; Seaward, Mark R. D., eds. (2004). Biodeterioration of Stone Surfaces: Lichens and Biofilms as Weathering Agents of Rocks and Cultural Heritage. Dordrecht, Holland: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-90-481-6724-1.
- Sutton, Mark A.; Reis, Stefan; Baker, Samantha M. H., eds. (2009). Atmospheric Ammonia: Detecting emission changes and environmental impacts. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4020-9120-9.
External links
Media related to Physcia caesia at Wikimedia Commons- Physcia caesia photos on Stephen Sharnoff's lichen website (photographer for Lichens of North America)
