Shvarn
| Shvarn | |
|---|---|
Grand Duke of Lithuania | |
| Reign | 1267–1269 |
| Predecessor | Vaišvilkas |
| Successor | Traidenis |
| Born | c. 1230 Halych (now Ukraine) |
| Died | c. 1269 Kholm (modern Chełm, Poland) |
| Spouse | Sister of Vaišvilkas |
| House | Monomakhovichi[1] |
| Father | Daniel of Galicia |
| Mother | Anna Mstislavna of Novgorod (daughter of Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold) |
Shvarn or Shvarno (Lithuanian: Švarnas; Belarusian: Шварн Данілавіч; Ukrainian: Шварно Данилович, romanized: Shvarno Danylovych;[2] c. 1230 – c. 1269) was the prince of Kholm from 1264 to 1269, and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1267 to 1269.[3][4] An influential leader, he became involved in internal struggles of power within the neighboring Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Name
Little is known of Shvarn and even his name is not entirely certain. The original documents relating to this ruler are scarce and mention him under a variety of names. For instance the first edition of
Biography
One of the sons of king
During the times of king Daniel's reign, the Galician lords were allied with their Polish neighbours against a common threat, the Lithuanian tribes that often raided the neighbouring lands for loot and plunder. However, in 1255 (or the previous year) Shvarn married an unnamed daughter of
In 1264 king Daniel of Galicia died and Shvarn received nominal overlordship over all of Kingdom of Ruthenia as its duke. Immediately he mounted a major campaign against Poland, this time aiming for Lesser Poland.[13] However, although joint armies managed to plunder Skaryszew, Tarczek and Wiślica, this time the campaign was less successful and the allied Ruthenian and Lithuanian armies were repelled. The Yotvingian auxiliaries were defeated by Bolesław V the Chaste at the Battle of Brańsk.[12] The following year Bolesław mounted a counter-offensive against Shvarn and his uncle Vasylko Romanovych, and defeated the earlier on June 19, 1266 at Wrota.[12] This weakened Shvarn's position in his own domain.
In the meantime in 1263 Mindaugas of Lithuania was murdered. In the chaos that followed
See also
- List of rulers of Halych and Volhynia
- List of Lithuanian rulers
Notes
- a.^ The capital of the land of Red Ruthenia (Czerwień Towns, or Grody Czerwieńskie in Polish). Its location remains unknown and disputed; possibly it was located where the village of Czermno stands today.
References
- ISBN 978-1-4521-7361-0.
- ISBN 9780888440525.
- Universal Lithuanian Encyclopedia(in Lithuanian). Retrieved 7 July 2021.
- ISBN 978-1-4728-5150-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-83-7431-120-5.
- LCC DJK40 .S56 1985
- ISBN 5-420-01535-8.
- ISBN 978-0-217-35771-5.
- ISBN 83-922482-3-6.
- ^ ISBN 83-89031-39-6.
- ISBN 9986-780-68-3. Archived from the originalon 26 October 2008.
- ^ ISBN 83-242-0397-4.
- ^ various authors; Brygida Kürbisówna (1965). Aleksander Gieysztor (ed.). Kronika wielkopolska (in Polish). Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 283.
- ^ ISBN 83-07-01957-5.
- ISBN 9955-429-75-5.
- ISBN 978-0-582-48150-3.
External links
Media related to Shvarn, Grand Duke of Lithuania at Wikimedia Commons