Six-bid solo

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Six-bid solo
Straight Solo • German Tarok • Tapp

Six-bid solo, six bid solo or just six-bid for short, is a

tarot cards. Six-bid solo itself is a variant of frog, a game very similar to south German Tapp
, the Swabian version of German Tarok.

History

The origins of six-bid solo lie with an old south German game called

preference suit. The rules for six-bid solo first appeared in the 1924 edition of Hoyles Standard Games (HSG) and have hardly changed since. It was played in Salt Lake City and is sometimes referred to as Salt Lake Solo.[7] The 1940 Official Rules note it as "A Salt Lake Variation" without further elaboration.[8] It is also known as American Solo.[1]

Rules

The following rules are based on HSG supplemented by the other sources cited.[7]

Players

Six-bid may be played by three or four, but there are always only three active players; if four play the dealer is '

king' and sits out. Some rules state that five[9] or even seven[10] may play but, again, only three are active in any one deal.[11][12]

Cards

Thirty-six

ace–ten games, as follows:[7]

Rank A 10 K Q J 9 8 7 6
Value 11 10 4 3 2 –

Deal and auction

hand of 11 cards.[a] If four play, the dealer now sits out and does not participate in the game.[7]

Beginning with eldest, players may

auction becomes the 'bidder' or 'player' and the widow counts to him or her at the end, except in Misère. The games are shown below in ascending order:[7]

Six-bid or American solo
Name of contract Bidder's aim Trumps Game value
Solo Take at least 60 points. ♠ ♣ ♦ 1 counter/point
Heart Solo Take at least 60 points. ♥ 2 counters/point
Misère Take no points. None 40 counters
Guarantee Solo Take at least 74 (♥) or 80 points (♠ ♣ ♦) Any 40 counters
Spread Misère Take no points. Player left of bidder leads and bidder plays
ouvert
from the 2nd trick onwards. 		None 60 counters
Call Solo Take all 120 points. First, bidder calls for a card and its holder must exchange it with the bidder. Any 100 counters (♠ ♣ ♦)
150 counters (♥)

Some rules rename Guarantee Solo andSpread Misère to Guarantee and Spread respectively.

sleeping in the widow, there is no exchange.[7]

Play

Except in Spread, eldest leads any card to the first trick and play proceeds clockwise, each player playing one card. Players must

head the trick. The trick winner collects the trick and lays it away face down before leading to the next trick.[7]

Scoring

Scoring is as per the table above. If the game is won, the bidder is paid the game value by each active opponent; if lost, the bidder pays the same to each player at the table including the dealer if there are four players.[7]

Progressive solo

Another variant of frog that emerged at the same time as six-bid was progressive solo,[7] later also called Denver progressive solo[10] or Denver solo.[14] The 1940 Official Rules subtitle progressive solo as the "Denver Athletic Club variation" without substantiating the statement.[8] Its rules were last recorded in the 1980s[14] so it may now be extinct. Pennycook describes it as a "simple, yet skilful, game." The rules are as for Six-Bid, except where stated.[14]

Three to five may play.

raise when the bidding comes around again, otherwise must pass. Any doubling is only between the bidder and the doubler and is cancelled if the current contract is overcalled. A player who has been doubled may redouble when the turn comes around again. Once all bar one have passed,[c] the player left in becomes the 'bidder' and must play the highest contract announced. In a Frog, the bidder picks up and exchanges with the widow before laying away the three discards, face down, to one side. In any solo, the widow is untouched. In either case, the widow cards count towards the bidder's score at the end of play.[14]

To win, the bidder must then take at least 60 card points in tricks and the widow. If successful, the bidder is paid by each opponent for each point above 60; if unsuccessful, the bidder pays them each the same amount.[d] The tariffs, which are multiplied by any doubling or redoubling, are shown in the summary table below:[14]

Progressive Solo or Denver Solo
Name of contract Exchange with widow Suits Tariff (counters/point)
Frog Yes ♥ only 1
Spade solo No ♠ 2
Club solo No ♣ 3
Diamond solo No ♦ 4
Heart solo No ♥ 5

In addition, there may be two pots – one for Frog and one for the Solos – to which players ante an agreed amount each deal. Pennycook specifies the same stake for each pot;[14] HSG states that the solo pot receives a double stake from each player.[7]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Most rules give the order of dealing cards as 4-(3)-3-4, eg. Culbertson (1957), Goren (1961) and Morehead et al. (1991).
  2. ^ HSG says three or four players; other rules go up to seven, but there are only 3 active players at any time.
  3. ^ HSG says when "all have passed", but that makes no sense as the player with the highest bid has no subsequent opportunity or motive to pass.
  4. ^ Some rules imply, but are not explicit, that the non-active players are paid as well if the bidder loses e.g. HSG (1924).

References

  1. ^ a b Parlett (1991), p. 196
  2. ^ SSP (1839), pp. 3–4
  3. ^ Dummett (1980), p. 569
  4. ^ Hoyle's Games (1907), pp. 241–243
  5. ^ Official Rules of Card Games (1922), p. 214
  6. ^ AAD (1881), p. 18
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hoyle's Standard Games, (1924), pp. 185–186.
  8. ^ a b Official Rules (1940), pp. 201–206.
  9. ^ Goren (1961), pp. 328–329
  10. ^ a b Wood & Goddard (1938), pp. 152–154
  11. ^ Wood & Goddard (1938), p. 150.
  12. ^ Goren (1961), p. 327.
  13. ^ Gibson (1993), pp. 309–311
  14. ^ a b c d e f Pennycook (1982), pp. 286–287

Literature

  • _ (1839). Das Sansprendre-Spiel in Regeln zur richtigen Auffassung und Ausführung desselben nach seinen verschiedenen Nuancen dargestellt (SSR). Bayreuth: Grau 50 pp.
  • _ (1881). Ausführliche Anleitung zum Deutschtarokspielen, nebst einem Anhange, enthaltend: ein Verzeichniß über alle technischen oder Kunstausdrücke, Provinzialismen und vulgären Bezeichnungen, welche bei diesem Spiele vorkommen. (AAD) Munich: Cäsar Fritsch. 88 pp.
  • _ (1907). Hoyle's Games. NY: McClure.
  • _ (1922). Official Rules of Card Games. Cincinnati: USPC.
  • _ (1924). Hoyle's Standard Games. Cincinnati: USPC.
  • _ (1940). Official Rules of Card Games: Hoyle Up to Date. Cincinnati: USPC.
  • Beattie, Rob (2009). The Art of Playing Cards. NY: Quarto.
    ISBN 9780785836698
  • Phillips, Hubert
    (ed.), Culbertson’s Card Games Complete, Watford: Argo
  • ISBN 0715610147
  • Gibson, Walter B.
    (1993) [1974]. Hoyle's Modern Encyclopedia of Card Games. Devizes: Selecta.
  • Goren, Charles
    (1961). Goren's Hoyle - Encyclopedia of Games. NY: Chancellor Hall, Ltd.
  • Geoffrey Mott-Smith
    (1991). The New Complete Hoyle NY, London: Doubleday.
  • Parlett, David
    (1991), A History of Card Games, Oxford: OUP.
  • ISBN 978-0-141-03787-5
  • Pennycook, Andrew (1982). The Book of Card Games. London/NY: Grenada.
    ISBN 0246117567
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