Skalat

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Skalat
Скалат
City
Skyline of Skalat
Skyline of Skalat
UTC+3
(EEST)

Skalat (

Yiddish: סקאלאט) is a small city in Ternopil Raion, Ternopil Oblast, western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Skalat urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] Population: 3,739 (2022 estimate).[2]

History

Historical affiliations

Kingdom of Poland bef. 1512–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569– 1772
Habsburg monarchy 1772–1804
 Austrian Empire 1804–1809
 Russian Empire 1809–1815
 Austrian Empire 1815–1918
 Second Polish Republic ca. 1919–1945
  

Ukrainian SSR) 1939–1941 (occupation
)
  Nazi Germany 1941–1944 (occupation)
 
Ukrainian SSR
) 1944–1991
 Ukraine 1991–present

Skalat Castle

Skalat was first mentioned in written sources dated 1512. At that time, the village belonged to

miecznik
of Halicz.

Wichrowski expanded the castle, and in 1632 founded a Roman Catholic parish. His daughter Weronika married into the Firlej family, and Skalat was her dowry. The castle was destroyed during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, and on July 26, 1657, during the Battle of Skalat, Crimean Tatars, allied with Poland, annihilated Transilvanian army of George II Rákóczi, which had invaded Poland a few months before. The Tatars killed 500 Transilvanians, capturing 11,000.

Skalat was again destroyed in 1675, during the

Polish–Ottoman War (1672–76). The town, which was in ruins, recovered very slowly. In 1699, Jan Firlej renovated the castle, making it his residence with a palace, built inside its walls. In the early 18th century, Skalat belonged to the Kalinowski family, and in 1766 King Stanisław August Poniatowski
confirmed its town charter, which had been issued either in 1600, or 1634.

After the

Austrian Galicia province (Crown land) in 1900.[3]
In late May 1809, during the
Tarnopol, together with Skalat, to the Russians, who controlled it until the 1815 Congress of Vienna
. At that time, the town belonged to the Poniatowski family, which in 1821 opened here a school, and in 1827 funded a brick church. In 1857, the population of Skalat was app. 4,000. The ancient castle belonged to a Jewish family of the Rozenstock, which later changed name into von Rozstocki.

In the late 19th century, Skalat slowly grew, becoming seat of a county. In 1870, its population was 4,500, with 2,600 Jews. In 1897, it received a train connection with Tarnopol, but in the next year, almost the whole town burned down in a great fire. In 1914, the population grew to 6,300.

In the immediate post-World War I period, Skalat was seized by local Ukrainian activists, who declared that the town was part of West Ukrainian People's Republic. Polish–Ukrainian tension escalated, and climaxed in the Polish–Ukrainian War. On April 23, 1919, Ukrainian activists murdered a popular Roman Catholic parish priest from Skalat, Rev. Walerian Raba, and on July 16, 1919, the town was captured by the Polish Army.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
19215,937—    
19316,949+17.0%
20223,739−46.2%
Source: [4]

In 1923 Skałat became the seat of a county in the

Tarnopol. The Soviets did not enter Skałat until September 21, 1939, four days after the invasion. During the Volhynian massacre
, Skalat was a shelter for Polish population of the countryside, which was attacked by Ukrainian nationalists. On March 22, 1944, the town was recaptured by the Red Army.

After The Holocaust and expulsion of its Polish residents, the population of Skalat was reduced to 2,000, and the town lost its status of the capital of a county (raion). In 1963, the local Catholic church was blown up by the Soviet authorities.

Until 18 July 2020, Skalat belonged to Pidvolochysk Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three. The area of Pidvolochysk Raion was merged into Ternopil Raion.[5][6]

Sights

  • Skalat Castle, built c. 1600 by the Sieniawski family
  • 17th-century synagogue
  • Orthodox church (1872)
  • Roman Catholic cemetery chapel (1939)
  • tenement houses and public utility houses from the interbellum period
  • the
    Polish Sokół movement
    building (1909), barracks of the Border Protection Corps, House of Soldier – abandoned and devastated

Notable people

  • Aaron Bernstein – author[7] (1809)
  • Edward Klich – scholar, professor of Poznań University
  • Leszek Winowski – law expert, professor of Lublin and Wrocław universities
  • Maria Winowska – writer and publicist
  • the National Television Company of Ukraine
    . Grown up in Skalat, Mrs. Stebelska is now among the honorable holders of the Skalat Castle. She has got a huge collection of photos, which reflect a long, more than half a century, history of her hometown.

References

  1. ^ "Скалатская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. ^ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967
  4. ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 195.
  5. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  6. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. 17 July 2020.
  7. ^ Some Jewish Witnesses for Christ. Project Gutenberg.

External links

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