Hentai: Difference between revisions
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| Bakunyū || 爆乳 || Fetish || Bakunyū is a genre of pornographic media focusing on the depiction of women with large [[breasts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studlife.com/scene/2008/08/29/internet-of-hentai/|title=Internet of hentai|last=Moore|first=Lucy|date=29 August 2008|work=[[Student Life (newspaper)|Student Life]]|accessdate=10 February 2010}}</ref> The word can be literally translated to "exploding breasts".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1MUJ爆乳 |title=Word Display |publisher=[[WWWJDIC]] |accessdate=10 November 2010}}</ref> Bakunyū is a subgenre within the genre of hentai anime.<ref>{{cite book | title=Manga: The Complete Guide | first=Jason | last=Thompson | publisher=Ballantine Books/Del Rey | year=2007 | isbn=0-345-48590-4 }}</ref> |
| Bakunyū || 爆乳 || Fetish || Bakunyū is a genre of pornographic media focusing on the depiction of women with large [[breasts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.studlife.com/scene/2008/08/29/internet-of-hentai/|title=Internet of hentai|last=Moore|first=Lucy|date=29 August 2008|work=[[Student Life (newspaper)|Student Life]]|accessdate=10 February 2010}}</ref> The word can be literally translated to "exploding breasts".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1MUJ爆乳 |title=Word Display |publisher=[[WWWJDIC]] |accessdate=10 November 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120630231015/http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1MUJ%E7%88%86%E4%B9%B3 |archivedate=30 June 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Bakunyū is a subgenre within the genre of hentai anime.<ref>{{cite book | title=Manga: The Complete Guide | first=Jason | last=Thompson | publisher=Ballantine Books/Del Rey | year=2007 | isbn=0-345-48590-4 }}</ref> |
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| [[Catgirl]]/Nekomimi || 猫耳 || Fetish+Gender || Human females with cat characteristics, such as cat ears, cat tails and whiskers. |
| [[Catgirl]]/Nekomimi || 猫耳 || Fetish+Gender || Human females with cat characteristics, such as cat ears, cat tails and whiskers. |
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Hadako-tan.png/220px-Hadako-tan.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg/150px-The_kanji_for_Hentai.svg.png)
Hentai (変態 or へんたい) English: /ˈhɛntaɪ/ (lit. "pervert") is a word of Japanese origin which is short for (変態性欲, hentai seiyoku); a perverse sexual desire. The original meaning of Hentai in the Japanese language is a transformation or a metamorphosis. The implication of perversion or paraphilia was derived from there. Both meanings can be distinguished in context easily.
In Japanese, the term describes any type of perverse or bizarre sexual desire or act; it does not represent a genre of work. Internationally, hentai is a catch-all term to describe a genre of anime and manga pornography. English adopts and uses hentai as a genre of pornography by the commercial sale and marketing of explicit works under this label.
The word's narrow Japanese-language usage and broad international usage are often incompatible.
Phonetic of terminology
Hentai (変態 or へんたい)
Hentai is defined differently in English. The
Etymology
The history of word "hentai" has its origins in science and psychology.[2] By the middle of the Meiji era, the term appeared in publications to describe unusual or abnormal traits, including paranormal abilities and psychological disorders.[2] A translation of German sexologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing's text Psychopathia Sexualis originated the concept of "hentai seiyoku", as a "perverse or abnormal sexual desire".[2] Though it was popularized outside psychology, as in the case of Mori Ōgai's 1909 novel Vita Sexualis.[2] Continued interest in "hentai seiyoku", resulted in numerous journals and publications on sexual advice which circulated in the public, served to establish the sexual connotation of 'hentai' as perverse.[2] Any perverse or abnormal act could be hentai, such as committing shinjū (love suicide).[2] It was Nakamura Kokyo's journal Abnormal Psychology which started the popular sexology boom in Japan which would see the rise of other popular journals like Sexuality and Human Nature, Sex Research and Sex.[15] Originally, Tanaka Kogai wrote articles for Abnormal Psychology, but it would be Tanaka's own journal Modern Sexuality which would become one of the most popular sources of scholarly information about erotic and neurotic expression.[15] Modern Sexuality was created to promote fetishism, S&M, and necrophilia as a facet of modern life.[15] The ero-guro movement and depiction of perverse, abnormal and often erotic undertones were a response to interest in hentai seiyoku.[2]
Following the end of
History
With the usage of hentai as any erotic depiction, the history of these depictions are split into its media. Japanese artwork and comics serve as the first example of hentai material, coming to represent the iconic style after the publication of
Origin of erotic manga
Depictions of sex and abnormal sex can be traced back through the ages, predating the term "hentai".
To define erotic manga, a definition for manga is needed. While the Hokusai Manga uses the term "manga" in its title, it does not depict the story-telling aspect common to modern manga, as the images are unrelated. Due to the influence of pornographic photographs in the 19th and 20th centuries, the manga artwork was depicted by realistic characters. However, Osamu Tezuka has helped define the modern look and form of manga, and was later proclaimed as the "God of Manga".[17][18] His debut work New Treasure Island was released in 1947 as a comic book through Ikuei Publishing and sold over 400,000 copies,[17] though it was the popularity of Tezuka's Astro Boy, Metropolis, and Jungle Emperor manga that would come to define the media. This story-driven manga style is distinctly unique from comic strips like Sazae-san, and story-driven works are now dominating shōjo and shōnen magazines.[17]
Mature themes in manga have existed since the 1940s, but these depictions were more realistic than the cartoon-cute characters popularized by Tezuka.
The publication of erotic materials in America can be traced back to at least 1990, when
Origin of erotic anime
Because there are fewer animation productions, most erotic works are retroactively tagged as hentai since the coining of the term in English. Hentai is typically defined as consisting of excessive nudity, and graphic sexual intercourse whether or not it is perverse. The term "
Two early works escape being defined as hentai, but contain erotic themes. This is likely due to the obscurity and unfamiliarity of the works, arriving in America and fading from public focus a full twenty years before importation and surging interests coined the Americanized term of hentai. The first is the 1969 film
The term typically identifies the Lolita Anime series as the first erotic anime and original video animation (OVA); it was released in 1984 by Wonder Kids. Containing eight episodes, the series focused on underage sex and rape and included one episode containing BDSM bondage.[22]: 376 Several sub-series were released in response, including a second Lolita Anime series released by Nikkatsu.[22]: 376 It has not been officially licensed or distributed outside of its original release.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Lolicon_Sample.png/220px-Lolicon_Sample.png)
The Cream Lemon franchise of works ran from 1984 to 2005, with a number of them entering the American market in various forms.[23] The Brothers Grime series released by Excalibur Films contained Cream Lemon works as early as 1986.[24] However, they were not billed as anime and were introduced during the same time that the first underground distribution of erotic works began.[21]
The American release of licensed erotic anime was first attempted in 1991 by Central Park Media, with I Give My All, but it never occurred.[21] In December 1992, Devil Hunter Yohko was the first risque (ecchi) title was released by A.D. Vision.[21] While it contains no sexual intercourse it pushes the limits of the ecchi category with sexual dialogue, nudity and one scene in which the heroine is about to be raped.
It was Central Park Media's 1993 release of
Following this release, a wealth of pornographic content began to arrive in America, with companies such as
Origin of erotic games
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Hentai_-_yuuree-redraw.jpg/220px-Hentai_-_yuuree-redraw.jpg)
The term
Due to the vague definitions of any erotic game, depending on its classification, citing the first erotic game is a subjective one. If the definition applies to adult themes, the first game was
In the late 1980s, eroge began to stagnate under high prices and the majority of games containing uninteresting plots and mindless sex.
The term "
Censorship
Japanese laws have impacted depictions of works since the
It was also because of this law that the artists began to depict the characters with a minimum of anatomical details and without pubic hair, by law, prior to 1991. Part of the ban was lifted when
However, alterations of material or censorship and even banning of works are common. The U.S. release of the La Blue Girl altered the age of the heroine from 16 to 18 and removed sex scenes with a dwarf ninja named Nin-nin, and removed the Japanese censoring blurring dots.[22] La Blue Girl was outright rejected by UK censors who refused to classify it and prohibited its distribution.[22][34] In 2011 the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan sought a ban on the subgenre lolicon.[35][36]
Demographics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Toys_Otaku_Buy_3.jpg/150px-Toys_Otaku_Buy_3.jpg)
The most prolific consumers of hentai are men. Eroge games in particular combine three favored media, cartoons, pornography and gaming, into an experience. The hentai genre engages a wide audience that expands yearly, and desires better quality and storylines, or works which push the creative envelope.[37] The unusual and extreme depictions in hentai are not about perversion so much as they are an example of the profit-oriented industry.[38] Anime depicting normal sexual situations enjoy less market success than those that break social norms, such as sex at schools or bondage.[38]
According to Dr. Megha Hazuria Gorem, a clinical psychologist, "Because toons are a kind of final fantasy, you can make the person look the way you want him or her to look. Every fetish can be fulfilled."[39] Dr. Narayan Reddy, a sexologist, commented on the eroge games, "Animators make new games because there is a demand for them, and because they depict things that the gamers do not have the courage to do in real life, or that might just be illegal, these games are an outlet for suppressed desire."[39]
Classification
The hentai genre can be divided into numerous subgenres, the broadest of which encompasses heterosexual and homosexual acts. Hentai that features mainly heterosexual interactions occur in both male-targeted (ero) and female-targeted ("ladies' comics") form. Those that feature mainly homosexual interactions are known as
Hentai is perceived as "dwelling" on sexual fetishes.[43] These include dozens of fetish and paraphilia related subgenres, which can be further classified with additional terms, such as heterosexual or homosexual types.
Many works are focused on depicting the mundane and the impossible across every conceivable act and situation no matter how fantastical. The largest subgenre of hentai is
-
Yaoi artwork depicting a seme (left) and uke (right) couple
Genres
Common English terms | Common Japanese terms | Type | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Yaoi/shōnen-ai/Boy's Love | やおい | Gender | Male homosexuality |
Yuri/shōjo-ai/Girl's Love | 百合 | Gender | Female homosexuality |
Lolicon | ロリコン | Gender+Age | Centered on prepubescent, pubescent, or post-pubescent underage girls, whether homosexual or heterosexual. |
Shotacon | ショタコン | Gender+Age | Centered on prepubescent, pubescent, or post-pubescent underage boys, whether homosexual or heterosexual. |
Common English terms | Common Japanese terms | Type | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Bakunyū | 爆乳 | Fetish | Bakunyū is a genre of pornographic media focusing on the depiction of women with large |
Catgirl/Nekomimi | 猫耳 | Fetish+Gender | Human females with cat characteristics, such as cat ears, cat tails and whiskers. |
Futanari | ふたなり | Fetish | Depictions of transsexuals that have both phallic genitalia (penis with scrotum, only a penile shaft, or an enlarged clitoris) with or without vaginal genitalia.
|
Incest | Fetish | Sexual activity with legal family members | |
Netorare |
寝取られ | Fetish | Cheating or being unfaithful to a significant other, lit. "taken away by sleeping with". |
Omorashi | おもらし / お漏らし | Fetish | A form of urolagnia |
Tentacle erotica | 触手責め | Paraphilia | Depictions of tentacled creatures and sometimes monsters (fictional imaginative or otherwise) engaging in sex or rape with girls and, less often, men. |
Josouseme/Daughter-attack | 女装攻め | Fetish | Depictions of a seme") and/or exhibiting dominance over a sexual partner.
|
See also
- Dōjinshi
- List of hentai anime
- List of hentai authors(groups, studios, production companies, circles)
- List of hentai manga
- List of pornographic subgenres
- Panchira
- Uniform fetishism
References
- ^ a b c d Livia, Anna; Kira, Hall (1997). "Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality". Oxford University Press.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ hdl:1885/8673. Retrieved 14 July 2014.
- ^ "hentai". Oxford Dictionary Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ^ Oppliger, John. "Ask John: How Did the Word 'Hentai' Get Adopted Into English?". AnimeNation. Archived from the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Newton, Mark (8 February 1990). "Ranma 1/2". Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- ^ "Some little questions". 12 April 1991. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- ^ Sinclair, Iain (17 March 1995). "rec.arts.manga Glossary". Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- ^ McCarthy, Helen (27 October 1997). The Anime Movie Guide. Overlook Press.
- ^ Winks, Cathy (7 November 1998). Good Vibrations Guide to Sex: The Most Complete Sex Manual Ever Written. Cleis Press.
- ^ "Forget Sex and Drugs. Surfers Are Searching for Rock'n'roll as the Net Finally Grows Up". The Independent. London. 18 January 2000. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ^ Marin, Cheech. "Holy Akira! It's Aeon Flux". Newsweek. 107 (7).
- ^ a b Harrington, Richard (26 April 1993). "Movies; 'Overfiend': Cyber Sadism". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ^ "Urotsukidoji I: Legend of the Overfiend (1989)". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ^ Span, Paula (15 May 1997). "Cross-Cultural Cartoon Cult; Japan's Animated Futuristic Features Move From College Clubs to Video Stores". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ a b c Driscoll, Mark (13 July 2010). "Absolute Erotic, Absolute Grotesque: The Living, Dead, and Undead in Japan's Imperialism, 1895–1945". Duke University Press: 140–160.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ Bowman, John (2000). "Columbia Chronologies of Asian History and Culture". Columbia University Press. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ a b c "A History of Manga". Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ "History of Manga and Hentai". Retrieved 20 July 2016.
- ^ a b c d Galbraith, Patrick (2011). "Lolicon: The Reality of 'Virtual Child Pornography' in Japan". Image & Narrative. 12 (1). The University of Tokyo. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- OCLC 935609782.
- ^ a b c d e f "Ask John: How Did Hentai Become Popular in America?". AnimeNation. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917(Revised and Expanded ed.). Stone Bridge Press.
- ^ "Ask John: How Much Cream Lemon is There?". animenation.net. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d "The Anime 'Porn' Market". awn.com.
- ^ "Not Fit To Fap To: Urotsukidoji: Birth of the Overfiend (NSFW)". Metanorn. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ^ Richard Harrington. "Movies; 'Overfiend': Cyber Sadism." The Washington Post. Washingtonpost Newsweek Interactive. 1993. Retrieved 26 April 2013 from HighBeam Research: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-943760.html
- ^ "Central Park Media's Licenses Offered by Liquidator". Anime News Network. 8 June 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Todome, Satoshi. "A History of Eroge". Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Hardcore gaming 101: Japanese computers". Hardcoregaming101. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
- ISSN 1720-7525.
- ^ "Hentai Comics". Maeda, Toshio. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ^ "Urotsukidoji III – The Return of the Overfiend". Move Censorship.com. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
- ^ Alexander, James. "Obscenity, Pornography, and the Law in Japan: Reconsidering Oshima's In the Realm of the Senses" (PDF). Retrieved 26 April 2013.
- ^ bbfc Archived 1 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine (30 December 1996). "LA BLUE GIRL Rejected by the BBFC Archived 5 June 2011 at WebCite". Retrieved 27 November 2009.
- ^ Artefact (29 September 2011). "LDP Seeks New Ban: "Manga & Anime = Virtual Child Abuse"". Sankaku Complex. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
- ^ "請願:参議院ホームページ". Sangiin.go.jp. Retrieved 14 May 2013.
- ^ Bennett, Dan (18 April 2004). "Anime erotica potential growing strong.(Animated erotica)". Video Store. Questex Media Group, Inc. Retrieved 2 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
- ^ a b "Bizarre sex sells in weird world of manga". New Zealand Herald. Auckland, New Zealand: Independent Print Ltd. 5 February 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
- ^ a b "Oooh Game Boy". Hindustan Times. New Delhi, India: McClatchy-Tribune Information Services. 30 June 2007. Retrieved 2 May 2013 – via HighBeam Research.
- ^ McHarry, Mark (November 2003). "Yaoi: Redrawing Male Love". The Guide. Archived from the original on 17 April 2008. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Kee, Tan Bee. "Rewriting Gender and Sexuality in English-Language Yaoi Fanfiction". Boys' Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre (2010): 126.
- ^ "Yuricon What is Yuricon?". Yuricon. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
- . Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ^ a b Oppliger, John (12 March 2008). "Ask John: What Is Futanari and Why Is It Popular?". AnimeNation. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
- ^ Moore, Lucy (29 August 2008). "Internet of hentai". Student Life. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ "Word Display". WWWJDIC. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
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Further reading
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)
- Aquila, Meredith (2007). "Ranma 1/2 Fan Fiction Writers: New Narrative Themes or the Same Old Story?". Mechademia. 2.
- Buckley, Sandra (1991). "'Penguin in Bondage': A Graphic Tale of Japanese Comic Books", pp. 163–196, In Technoculture. C. Penley and A. Ross, eds. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. ISBN 0-8166-1932-8.
- McCarthy, Helen, and ISBN 1-85286-946-1.
- ISBN 0-312-23863-0.
- Perper, Timothy; Cornog, Martha (March 2002). "Eroticism for the masses: Japanese manga comics and their assimilation into the U.S." Sexuality & Culture. 6 (1): 3–126. .