Shirley Temple: Difference between revisions
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At the height of her popularity, Shirley Temple was often the subject of myths and rumors, some propagated by 20th Century Fox/Fox Films. Fox also publicized her as a natural talent with no formal acting or dance training. As a way of explaining how she knew stylized buck and weave dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan School of Dancing.<ref name="skills">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=39–41}}</ref> |
At the height of her popularity, Shirley Temple was often the subject of myths and rumors, some propagated by 20th Century Fox/Fox Films. Fox also publicized her as a natural talent with no formal acting or dance training. As a way of explaining how she knew stylized buck and weave dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan School of Dancing.<ref name="skills">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=39–41}}</ref> |
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One persistent rumor was especially prevalent in Europe; fake news circulated that Shirley was not a child, but a 30-year-old dwarf due in part to her stocky body type. The rumor was so prevalent that the [[Holy See|Vatican]] dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. The fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth led some people to conclude that she had all her adult teeth. Temple was actually losing her teeth regularly through her days with 20th Century Fox, most notably during the sidewalk ceremony in front of Grauman's Theatre, where she took off her shoes and placed her bare feet in the cement to take attention away from her face. When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide the gaps in her teeth.<ref name="skills2">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=72–73, 183–184}}</ref> Another rumor pertaining to her teeth was the idea that they were filed to make them appear like baby teeth.<ref name="Lindeman">{{cite web|url=http://richmondthenandnow.com/Newspaper-Articles/Shirley-Temple.html|title=The Real Miss Temple|last=Lindeman|first=Edith|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|accessdate=15 May 2014}}</ref> |
One persistent rumor was especially prevalent in Europe; fake news circulated that Shirley was not a child, but a 30-year-old dwarf due in part to her stocky body type. The rumor was so prevalent that the [[Holy See|Vatican]] dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. The fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth led some people to conclude that she had all her adult teeth. Temple was actually losing her teeth regularly through her days with 20th Century Fox, most notably during the sidewalk ceremony in front of Grauman's Theatre, where she took off her shoes and placed her bare feet in the cement to take attention away from her face. When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide the gaps in her teeth.<ref name="skills2">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=72–73, 183–184}}</ref> Another rumor pertaining to her teeth was the idea that they were filed to make them appear like baby teeth.<ref name="Lindeman">{{cite web|url=http://richmondthenandnow.com/Newspaper-Articles/Shirley-Temple.html|title=The Real Miss Temple|last=Lindeman|first=Edith|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|accessdate=15 May 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307233242/http://richmondthenandnow.com/Newspaper-Articles/Shirley-Temple.html|archivedate=March 7, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |
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Shirley's biggest trademark was her hair, which was also the subject of rumors. A rumor circulated that she wore a wig. More than once, fans yanked her hair to test the theory. She later said she wished all she had to do was wear a wig. The nightly process she went through in the setting of her curls was tedious and grueling, with once a week vinegar rinses burning her eyes.<ref name="skills3">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=68–69}}</ref> Rumors also spread about her hair color, namely that she wasn't a natural blonde. During the making of ''Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm'', news spread that she was going to do extended scenes without her trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss a couple of days. As a result, a false report originated in Britain that all of her hair was cut off.<ref name="Lindeman" /> |
Shirley's biggest trademark was her hair, which was also the subject of rumors. A rumor circulated that she wore a wig. More than once, fans yanked her hair to test the theory. She later said she wished all she had to do was wear a wig. The nightly process she went through in the setting of her curls was tedious and grueling, with once a week vinegar rinses burning her eyes.<ref name="skills3">{{cite book|last=Black|first=Shirley Temple|title=Child Star: An Autobiography|year=1988|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-0-07-005532-2|pages=68–69}}</ref> Rumors also spread about her hair color, namely that she wasn't a natural blonde. During the making of ''Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm'', news spread that she was going to do extended scenes without her trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss a couple of days. As a result, a false report originated in Britain that all of her hair was cut off.<ref name="Lindeman" /> |
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[[File:Mrs. Nixon attends a ceremony in Ghana - NARA - 194403.tif|thumb|right|Temple (far left) with First Lady [[Pat Nixon]] in [[Ghana]], 1972]] |
[[File:Mrs. Nixon attends a ceremony in Ghana - NARA - 194403.tif|thumb|right|Temple (far left) with First Lady [[Pat Nixon]] in [[Ghana]], 1972]] |
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Temple was extensively involved with the [[Commonwealth Club of California]], a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings through the years and was president for a period in 1984.<ref>http://hoohila.stanford.edu/commonwealth/speakerView.php?speakerID=1316</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthclub.org/node/82358|title=In Memoriam: Shirley Temple Black|publisher=|accessdate=November 13, 2014}}</ref> |
Temple was extensively involved with the [[Commonwealth Club of California]], a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings through the years and was president for a period in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hoohila.stanford.edu/commonwealth/speakerView.php?speakerID=1316 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-03-05 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306013248/http://hoohila.stanford.edu/commonwealth/speakerView.php?speakerID=1316 |archivedate=March 6, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthclub.org/node/82358|title=In Memoriam: Shirley Temple Black|publisher=|accessdate=November 13, 2014}}</ref> |
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Temple got her start in foreign service after her failed run for [[United States Congress|Congress]] in 1967 when [[Henry Kissinger]] overheard her talking about [[South West Africa]] at a party. He was surprised that she knew anything about it.<ref>Joshua Keating, "Shirley Temple Black's Unlikely Diplomatic Career," ''Slate'', 11 Feb 2014 <http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/02/11/shirley_temple_black_s_unlikely_diplomatic_career.html>.</ref> She was appointed as a delegate to the 24th [[United Nations General Assembly]] (September – December 1969) by President [[Richard M. Nixon]]<ref>Edwards 356</ref><ref>Windeler 85</ref><ref name=NYTObit>[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/arts/shirley-temple-black-screen-star-dies-at-85.html?_r=0 Aljean Harmetz, "Shirley Temple Black, Hollywood's Biggest Little Star, Dies at 85," ''The New York Times,'' February 11, 2014]</ref> and [[United States Ambassador to Ghana]] (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President [[Gerald R. Ford]].<ref name="EdwardsP357">Edwards 357</ref> She was appointed first female [[Chief of Protocol of the United States]] (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977) and in charge of arrangements for President [[Jimmy Carter]]'s [[inauguration]] and inaugural ball.<ref name="EdwardsP357" /><ref>Windeler 105</ref> |
Temple got her start in foreign service after her failed run for [[United States Congress|Congress]] in 1967 when [[Henry Kissinger]] overheard her talking about [[South West Africa]] at a party. He was surprised that she knew anything about it.<ref>Joshua Keating, "Shirley Temple Black's Unlikely Diplomatic Career," ''Slate'', 11 Feb 2014 <http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/02/11/shirley_temple_black_s_unlikely_diplomatic_career.html>.</ref> She was appointed as a delegate to the 24th [[United Nations General Assembly]] (September – December 1969) by President [[Richard M. Nixon]]<ref>Edwards 356</ref><ref>Windeler 85</ref><ref name=NYTObit>[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/12/arts/shirley-temple-black-screen-star-dies-at-85.html?_r=0 Aljean Harmetz, "Shirley Temple Black, Hollywood's Biggest Little Star, Dies at 85," ''The New York Times,'' February 11, 2014]</ref> and [[United States Ambassador to Ghana]] (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President [[Gerald R. Ford]].<ref name="EdwardsP357">Edwards 357</ref> She was appointed first female [[Chief of Protocol of the United States]] (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977) and in charge of arrangements for President [[Jimmy Carter]]'s [[inauguration]] and inaugural ball.<ref name="EdwardsP357" /><ref>Windeler 105</ref> |
Revision as of 04:38, 13 January 2018
Shirley Temple | |
---|---|
United States Ambassador to Ghana | |
In office December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976 | |
President | Gerald Ford |
Preceded by | Fred L. Hadsel |
Succeeded by | Robert P. Smith |
Personal details | |
Born | Santa Monica, California, U.S. | April 23, 1928
Died | February 10, 2014 Woodside, California, U.S. | (aged 85)
Resting place | Alta Mesa Memorial Park, Palo Alto, California, U.S. |
Political party | Republican |
Spouse(s) |
|
Children | 3, including Lori Black |
Occupation | Actress, singer, dancer, businesswoman, diplomat |
Signature | |
Website | shirleytemple |
Shirley Temple Black
Temple began her film career at the age of three in 1932. Two years later, she achieved international fame in Bright Eyes, a feature film designed specifically for her talents. She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as a juvenile performer in motion pictures during 1934. Film hits such as Curly Top and Heidi followed year after year during the mid-to-late 1930s. Temple capitalized on licensed merchandise that featured her wholesome image; the merchandise included dolls, dishes, and clothing. Her box-office popularity waned as she reached adolescence.[1] She appeared in a few films of varying quality in her mid-to-late teens, and retired from films in 1950 at the age of 22.[2][3]
In 1958, Temple returned to show business with a two-season television anthology series of fairy tale adaptations. She made guest appearances on television shows in the early 1960s and filmed a sitcom pilot that was never released. She sat on the boards of corporations and organizations including The Walt Disney Company, Del Monte Foods and the National Wildlife Federation.
She began her diplomatic career in 1969 when she was appointed to represent the United States at a session of the United Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S Mission under Ambassador
Temple was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the Kennedy Center Honors and a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. She is 18th on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest female American screen legends of Classic Hollywood cinema.
Early years
Shirley Temple was born on April 23, 1928 in Santa Monica, California, the third child of homemaker Gertrude Amelia Temple and bank employee George Francis Temple. The family was of Dutch, English and German ancestry.[5][6] She had two brothers, John Stanley and George Francis, Jr.[6][7][8] The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.[9] Her mother encouraged her singing, dancing and acting talents, and in September 1931 enrolled her in Meglin's Dance School in Los Angeles.[10][11][12] At about this time, Shirley's mother began styling her daughter's hair in ringlets.[13]
While at the dance school, she was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting director for Educational Pictures. Temple hid behind the piano while she was in the studio. Lamont took a liking to the young actress and invited her to audition; he signed her to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures was going to launch their Baby Burlesks,[14][15][16][17] multiple short films satirizing recent film and political events using preschool children in every role.
Baby Burlesks was a series of
Film career
Fox Film songwriter
After the success of her first three movies, Shirley's parents realized that their daughter was not being paid enough money. Her image also began to appear on numerous commercial products without her legal authorization, and without compensation. To get control over the corporate unlicensed use of her image and to negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Loyd Wright to represent them. On July 18, 1934, the contractual salary was raised to $1,000 a week and her mother's salary was raised to $250 a week, with an additional $15,000 bonus for each movie finished. Temple's original contract for $150 per week is equivalent to $2,750 in 2015, adjusted for inflation. However, the economic value of $150 during the Great Depression was equal to $18,500. The subsequent salary increase to $1,000 weekly had the economic value of $123,000 and the bonus of $15,000 per movie (equal to $275,000 in 2015) was equivalent to a staggering $1.85 million in a decade when a quarter could buy a meal.[note 2] Cease and desist letters were sent out to many companies and the process was begun for awarding corporate licenses.[29]
On December 28, 1934, Bright Eyes was released. The movie was the first feature film crafted specifically for the girl's talents and the first where her name appeared eponymously over the title.[30][31] Her signature song, On the Good Ship Lollipop, was introduced in the film and sold 500,000 sheet-music copies. In February 1935, Shirley Temple became the first child star to be honored with a miniature Juvenile Oscar for her film accomplishments,[32][33][34][note 3] and she added her foot- and handprints to the forecourt at Grauman's Chinese Theatre a month later.[35]
In 1935, Fox Films merged with Twentieth Century Pictures to become
Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the tone and tenor of Shirley Temple films, "This was mid-Depression, and schemes proliferated for the care of the needy and the regeneration of the fallen. But they all required endless paperwork and demeaning, hours-long queues, at the end of which an exhausted, nettled social worker dealt with each person as a faceless number. Shirley offered a natural solution: to open one's heart."[37] Edwards pointed out that the characters created for the little actress would change the lives of the cold, the hardened, and the criminal with positive results. Her films were seen as generating hope and optimism, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt said, "It is a splendid thing that for just fifteen cents an American can go to a movie and look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles."[38][note 5]
Most of the Shirley Temple films were inexpensively made at $200,000 or $300,000 per picture and were
1935–1937
In the contract they signed in July 1934, Shirley's parents agreed to four films a year (rather than the three they wished). A succession of films followed: The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") and The Littlest Rebel in 1935. Curly Top and The Littlest Rebel were named to Varietys list of top box office draws for 1935.[41] In 1936, Captain January, Poor Little Rich Girl, Dimples[note 6] and Stowaway were released. Curly Top was Shirley's last film before the merger of 20th Century and Fox.
Based on Shirley Temple's many screen successes, Zanuck increased budgets and production values for her films. By the end of 1935, her salary was $2,500 a week.
The film was a critical and commercial hit,[43] but British writer/critic Graham Greene muddied the waters in October 1937 when he wrote in a local magazine that Temple was a "complete totsy" accusing her of being too nubile for a nine-year-old:
Her admirers—middle-aged men and clergymen—respond to her dubious coquetry, to the sight of her well-shaped and desirable little body, packed with enormous vitality, only because the safety curtain of story and dialogue drops between their intelligence and their desire.[45]
Shirley Temple and Twentieth Century-Fox sued for libel and won. The settlement remained in trust for the girl in an English bank until she turned twenty-one, when it was donated to charity and used to build a youth center in England.[46][47]
Heidi was the only other Shirley Temple film released in 1937.[46] Midway through the shooting of the movie, the dream sequence was added into the script. There were reports that the little actress was behind the dream sequence and she had enthusiastically pushed for it, but in her autobiography, she vehemently denied it. Her contract gave neither her nor her parents any creative control over the movies she was in. She saw this as the collapse of any serious attempt by the studio to build upon the dramatic role from the previous movie Wee Willie Winkie.[48]
1938–1940
The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an advertisement in
In 1939, she was the subject of the Salvador Dalí painting, Shirley Temple, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of the Cinema in Her Time, and she was animated with Donald Duck in The Autograph Hound.
In 1940 Lester Cowan, an independent film producer, bought F. Scott Fitzgerald's short story, "Babylon Revisited and Other Stories" for $80, which was a bargain. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over and with some hesitation accepted Cowan's offer to write the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" based on the short story. After finishing the screenplay, Scott was told by Cowan that he would not do the film unless Shirley Temple starred in the lead of the youngster Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, going on twenty, the actress was too worldly for the part and would detract from the aura of innocence otherwise framed by Honoria's character. After meeting Shirley in July, Fitzgerald changed his mind and tried to persuade her mother to let her star in the film. However, her mother demurred. In any case, the Cowan project was shelved by the producer. F. Scott Fitzgerald was later credited with the use of the original story for The Last Time I Saw Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.[54]
In 1940, Shirley starred in two flops at Twentieth Century-Fox, The Blue Bird and Young People.[55][56] Her parents bought up the remainder of her contract and sent her at the age of 12 to Westlake School for Girls, an exclusive country day school in Los Angeles.[57] At the studio, the girl's bungalow was renovated, all traces of her tenure expunged, and the building was reassigned as an office.[56]
Radio career
Temple had her own radio series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, 1942, in which she played the title role. The series was based on stories by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Hughes, with David Rose as musical director.[58]
Last films and retirement
After her departure from Twentieth Century-Fox,[note 7] Shirley was signed by MGM for her comeback; the studio made plans to team her with Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney for the Andy Hardy series. The idea was quickly abandoned, but MGM then teamed her with Garland and Rooney for the musical Babes on Broadway. Fearing that either of the latter two could easily upstage the girl, MGM replaced her with Virginia Weidler. As a result, her only film for Metro was Kathleen in 1941, a story about an unhappy teenager. The film was not a success, and her MGM contract was canceled after mutual consent. Miss Annie Rooney followed for United Artists in 1942 but was unsuccessful.[note 8] The actress retired from films for almost two years, in order to instead focus on school and activities.[59]
In 1944, David O. Selznick signed Shirley Temple to a four-year contract. She appeared in two wartime hits: Since You Went Away and I'll Be Seeing You. Selznick, however, became romantically involved with Jennifer Jones and lost interest in developing Shirley's career. Temple was then lent to other studios. Kiss and Tell, The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer[note 9] and Fort Apache were her few good films at the time.[60]
According to biographer Robert Windeler, her 1947–49 films neither made nor lost money but "had a cheapie B look about them and indifferent performances from her".[61] Selznick suggested that she move abroad, gain maturity as an actress and even change her name. He warned her that she was typecast and her career was in perilous straits.[61][62] After auditioning for and losing the role of Peter Pan on the Broadway stage in August 1950,[63] Temple took stock and admitted that her recent movies had been poor fare. She announced her retirement from films on December 16, 1950.[61][64]
Merchandise and endorsements
Many Shirley Temple-inspired products were manufactured and released during the 1930s. Ideal Toy and Novelty Company in New York City negotiated a license for dolls with the company's first doll wearing the polka-dot dress from Stand Up and Cheer!. Shirley Temple dolls realized $45 million in sales before 1941.[65] A mug, a pitcher, and a cereal bowl in cobalt blue with a decal of the little actress were given away as a premium with Wheaties.
Successful Shirley Temple items included a line of girls' dresses, accessories, soap, dishes, cutout books, sheet music, mirrors, paper tablets, and numerous other items. Before 1935 ended, the girl's income from licensed merchandise royalties would exceed $100,000, which doubled her income from her movies. In 1936, her income from royalties topped $200,000. She endorsed Postal Telegraph, Sperry Drifted Snow Flour, the Grunow Teledial radio,
Myths and rumors
At the height of her popularity, Shirley Temple was often the subject of myths and rumors, some propagated by 20th Century Fox/Fox Films. Fox also publicized her as a natural talent with no formal acting or dance training. As a way of explaining how she knew stylized buck and weave dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan School of Dancing.[67]
One persistent rumor was especially prevalent in Europe; fake news circulated that Shirley was not a child, but a 30-year-old dwarf due in part to her stocky body type. The rumor was so prevalent that the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. The fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth led some people to conclude that she had all her adult teeth. Temple was actually losing her teeth regularly through her days with 20th Century Fox, most notably during the sidewalk ceremony in front of Grauman's Theatre, where she took off her shoes and placed her bare feet in the cement to take attention away from her face. When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide the gaps in her teeth.[68] Another rumor pertaining to her teeth was the idea that they were filed to make them appear like baby teeth.[69]
Shirley's biggest trademark was her hair, which was also the subject of rumors. A rumor circulated that she wore a wig. More than once, fans yanked her hair to test the theory. She later said she wished all she had to do was wear a wig. The nightly process she went through in the setting of her curls was tedious and grueling, with once a week vinegar rinses burning her eyes.[70] Rumors also spread about her hair color, namely that she wasn't a natural blonde. During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news spread that she was going to do extended scenes without her trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss a couple of days. As a result, a false report originated in Britain that all of her hair was cut off.[69]
Television career
Between January 1958 and September 1961, Temple hosted and narrated a successful
Temple continued to work on television, making guest appearances on The Red Skelton Show, Sing Along with Mitch, and other shows.[74] In January 1965, she portrayed a social worker in a pilot called Go Fight City Hall that was never released.[77] In 1999, she hosted the AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars awards show on CBS, and, in 2001, served as a consultant on an ABC-TV production of her autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.[78]
Motivated by the popularity of Storybook and television broadcasts of Temple's films, the Ideal Toy Company released a new version of the Shirley Temple doll and Random House published three fairy tale anthologies under her name. 300,000 dolls were sold within six months and 225,000 books between October and December 1958. Other merchandise included handbags and hats, coloring books, a toy theater, and a recreation of the Baby, Take a Bow polka-dot dress.[79]
Life after Hollywood
Temple became active in the
Temple was extensively involved with the Commonwealth Club of California, a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco. She spoke at many meetings through the years and was president for a period in 1984.[84][85]
Temple got her start in foreign service after her failed run for
She served as the
Temple served on boards of directors of large enterprises and organizations such as The Walt Disney Company, Del Monte Foods, Bank of America, Bank of California, BANCAL Tri-State, Fireman's Fund Insurance, United States Commission for UNESCO, United Nations Association and National Wildlife Federation.[94]
Personal life
In 1943, 15-year-old Temple met
In January 1950, Temple met
The family moved to
At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. The tumor was removed and a modified radical mastectomy performed. She announced the results of the operation on radio and television and in a February 1973 article for the magazine McCall's.
Death
Temple died at age 85 on February 10, 2014, at her home in Woodside, California.[113][114] The cause of death, according to her death certificate released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Temple was a lifelong smoker and avoided displaying her habit in public because she did not want to set a bad example for her fans.[115]
Awards, honors, and legacy
Temple was the recipient of many awards and honors including a special Juvenile Academy Award,[97] the Life Achievement Award from the American Center of Films for Children,[90] the National Board of Review Career Achievement Award,[116] Kennedy Center Honors,[117][118] and the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award.[119] On September 11, 2002, a life-size bronze statue of the child Temple by sculptor Nijel Binns was erected on the Fox Studio lot.[120]
On March 14, 1935, Shirley left her footprints and handprints in the wet cement at the forecourt of
In February 1980, Temple was honored by the
Filmography
See also
- List of former child actors from the United States
- List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees
References
Notes
- ^ While Temple occasionally used "Jane" as a middle name, her birth certificate reads "Shirley Temple". Her birth certificate was altered to prolong her babyhood shortly after she signed with Fox in 1934; her birth year was advanced from 1928 to 1929. Even her baby book was revised to support the 1929 date. She confirmed her true age when she was 21 (Burdick 5; Edwards 23n, 43n).
- ^ Source: https://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/relativevalue.php
- ^ Temple was presented with a full-sized Oscar in 1985 (Edwards 357).
- ^ In keeping with her star status, Winfield Sheehan, built the girl a four-room bungalow at the studio with a garden, a picket fence, a tree with a swing, and a rabbit pen. The living room wall was painted with a mural depicting her as a fairy-tale princess wearing a golden star on her head. Under Zanuck, she was assigned a bodyguard, John Griffith, a childhood friend of Zanuck's (Edwards 77), and, at the end of 1935, Frances "Klammie" Klampt became her tutor at the studio (Edwards 78).
- ^ Shirley and her parents traveled to Washington, DC, late in 1935 to meet Roosevelt and his wife Eleanor. The presidential couple invited the Temple family to a cook-out at their home, where Eleanor, bending over an outdoor grill, was hit smartly in the rear with a pebble from the slingshot that Shirley carried everywhere in her little lace purse (Edwards 81).
- ^ In Dimples, Shirley was upstaged for the first time in her film career by Frank Morgan who played Professor Appleby with such zest as to render the child actress almost the amateur (Windeler 175).
- ^ In 1941, Temple worked radio with four shows for Lux soap and a four-part Shirley Temple Time for Elgin. Of radio she said, "It's adorable. I get a big thrill out of it, and I want to do as much radio work as I can." (Windeler 43)
- ^ the teenager received her first on-screen kiss in the film (from Dickie Moore, on the cheek) (Edwards 136).
- ^ When she took her first on-screen drink (and spat it out) in Bobby-Soxer, the Women's Christian Temperance Union protested that unthinking teenagers might do the same after seeing the teenage Shirley in the films (Life Staff 140).
- ^ In the 1990s, audio recordings of the girl's film songs and videos of her films were released, but she received no royalties. Porcelain dolls were created by Elke Hutchens. The Danbury Mint released plates and figurines depicting her in her film roles, and, in 2000, a porcelain tea set (Burdick 136)
Footnotes
- biography.com. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
- ^ Balio 227
- ^ Windeler 26
- ISBN 978-0-07-005532-2.
- ^ Edwards 15, 17
- ^ a b Windeler 16
- ^ Edwards 15
- ^ Burdick 3
- ^ A look at the late Shirley Temple's very first home Retrieved 2016-12-28.
- ^ Edwards 29–30
- ^ Windeler 17
- ^ Burdick 6
- ^ Edwards 26
- ^ Edwards 31
- ^ Black 14
- ^ Edwards 31–4
- ^ Windeler 111
- ^ Windeler 113, 115, 122
- ^ Black 15
- ^ Edwards 36
- ^ Black 28
- ^ Edwards 37, 366
- ^ Edwards 267–9
- ^ Windeler 122
- ^ Shirley Temple Black, "Child Star: An Autobiography" (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988), 32–36.
- ^ Barrios 421
- ^ Edwards 62
- ^ Windeler 122, 127
- ^ Shirley Temple Black, "Child Star: An Autobiography" (New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1988), 79–83.
- ^ Edwards 67
- ^ Windeler 143
- ^ Black 98–101
- ^ Edwards 80
- ^ Windeler 27–8
- ^ Black 72
- ^ Edwards 74–5
- ^ Edwards 75
- ^ Edwards 75–6
- ^ a b Balio 227–8
- ^ Zipes 518
- ^ Balio 228
- ^ Shirley Temple Black, "Child Star: An Autobiography" (New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1988), 130.
- ^ a b Windeler 183
- ^ Edwards 104–5
- ^ Edwards 105, 363
- ^ a b Edwards 106
- ^ Windeler 35
- ^ Shirley Temple Black, "Child Star: An Autobiography" (New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1988), 192–193.
- ^ "Box-office Busts/Boys and Girls". Life. pp. 13, 28. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
- ^ Edwards 120–1
- ^ Edwards 122–3
- ^ Windeler 207
- ^ Edwards 124
- ^ E. Ray Canterbery and Thomas D. Birch, "F. Scott Fitzgerald: Under the Influence" (St. Paul, Minn.: Paragon House, 2006), pp. 347–352.
- ^ Burdick 268
- ^ a b Edwards 128
- ^ Windeler 38
- ^ Windeler 43–5
- ^ Windeler 49, 51–2
- ^ a b c Windeler 71
- ^ Edwards 206
- ^ Edwards 209
- ^ Black 479–81
- ^ a b Black 85–6
- ^ a b c Thomas; Scheftel
- ISBN 978-0-07-005532-2.
- ISBN 978-0-07-005532-2.
- ^ a b Lindeman, Edith. "The Real Miss Temple". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ISBN 978-0-07-005532-2.
- ^ Edwards 231, 233, 393
- ^ Windeler 255
- ^ Burdick 112–3
- ^ a b Edwards 393
- ^ Burdick 115
- ^ Burdick 115–6
- ^ Edwards 235–6, 393
- ^ "Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story (2001)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
- ^ Edwards 233
- ^ Edwards 243ff
- ^ Windeler 80ff
- ^ Sean Howell (July 1, 2009). "Documentary salutes Pete McCloskey". The Almanac Online. Embarcadero Publishing Co. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
- ^ Romney, Lee (June 11, 2012). "Between two public servants, Purple Heart-felt admiration". LATimes.com. The Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 6, 2014. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "In Memoriam: Shirley Temple Black". Retrieved November 13, 2014.
- ^ Joshua Keating, "Shirley Temple Black's Unlikely Diplomatic Career," Slate, 11 Feb 2014 <http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/02/11/shirley_temple_black_s_unlikely_diplomatic_career.html>.
- ^ Edwards 356
- ^ Windeler 85
- ^ Aljean Harmetz, "Shirley Temple Black, Hollywood's Biggest Little Star, Dies at 85," The New York Times, February 11, 2014
- ^ a b c Edwards 357
- ^ Windeler 105
- ^ Craig R. Whitney, "Prague Journal: Shirley Temple Black Unpacks a Bag of Memories," New York Times, 11 Sep 1989 <https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/11/world/prague-journal-shirley-temple-black-unpacks-a-bag-of-memories.html>.
- ^ Joshua Keating, "Shirley Temple Black's Unlikely Diplomatic Career: Including an Encounter with Frank Zappa," Slate, 11 Feb 2014 <http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/02/11/shirley_temple_black_s_unlikely_diplomatic_career.html>.
- ^ Edwards 318, 356–7
- ^ Edwards 147
- ^ Windeler 53
- ^ a b c d e f Edwards 355
- ^ Edwards 169
- ^ Windeler 54
- ^ Black 419–21
- ^ a b c d e Windeler 68
- ^ Edwards 199–200
- ^ Black 449
- ^ Edwards 199
- ^ Edwards 207
- ^ a b c Windeler 72
- ^ Edwards 211
- ^ Edwards 215
- ^ Edwards 217
- ^ Windeler 72–3
- ^ Windeler 74
- ^ Dawicki 2005
- ^ "Hollywood star Shirley Temple dies". BBC News. February 11, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
- ^ "Shirley Temple, former Hollywood child star, dies at 85". Reuters. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
- ^ "Obituary: Shirley Temple". BBC News. February 11, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
- ^ "Shirley Temple Black". The National Board of Review. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "History of Past Honorees". The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Archived from the original on January 14, 2015. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Burdick 136
- ^ "Shirley Temple Black: 2005 Life Achievement Recipient". Screen Actors Guild. Archived from the original on September 7, 2008. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "The Shirley Temple Monument". Nijart. Retrieved February 12, 2014.
- ^ "Tom Abraham to be honored by Freedoms Foundation Feb. 22", Canadian Record, February 14, 1980, p. 19
Works cited
- Balio, Tino (1995) [1993]. Grand Design: Hollywood as a Modern Business Enterprise, 1930–1939. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-20334-8.
- Barrios, Richard (1995). A Song in the Dark: The Birth of the Musical Film. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508810-7.
- Black, Shirley Temple (1989) [1988]. Child Star: An Autobiography. Warner Books, Inc. ISBN 0-446-35792-8.
- Burdick, Loraine (2003). The Shirley Temple Scrapbook. Jonathan David Publishers, Inc. ISBN 0-8246-0449-0.
- Dawicki, Shelley (August 10, 2005). "In Memoriam: Charles A. Black". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
- Hatch, Kristen. Shirley Temple and the Performance of Girlhood (Rutgers University Press, 2015) x, 173 pp.
- Edwards, Anne (1988). Shirley Temple: American Princess. William Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN 0-688-06051-X.
- Life Staff (September 16, 1946). "Tempest Over Temple: Shirley sips liquor and the W.C.T.U. protests". Life. 21 (12): 140.
- Thomas, Andy; Scheftel, Jeff (1996). Shirley Temple: The Biggest Little Star. Biography. A&E Television Networks. )
- Windeler, Robert (1992) [1978]. The Films of Shirley Temple. Carol Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8065-0725-X.
- Zipes, Jack, ed. (2000). The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-9653635-7-0.
Further reading
- Basinger, Jeanine (1993). A Woman's View: How Hollywood Spoke to Women, 1930–1960. Wesleyan University Press. pp. 262ff. ISBN 0-394-56351-4.
- Best, Marc (1971). Those Endearing Young Charms: Child Performers of the Screen. South Brunswick and New York: Barnes & Co. pp. 251–255.
- Bogle, Donald (2001) [1974]. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Films. The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc. pp. 45–52. ISBN 0-8264-1267-X.
- Cook, James W.; Glickman, Lawrence B.; O'Malley, Michael (2008). The Cultural Turn in U.S. History: Past, Present, and Future. University of Chicago Press. pp. 186ff. ISBN 978-0-226-11506-1.
- Dye, David (1988). Child and Youth Actors: Filmography of Their Entire Careers, 1914–1985. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., pp. 227–228.
- Everett, Charles (2004) [1974]. "Shirley Temple and the House of Rockefeller". Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media (2): 1, 17–20.
- Kasson, John F. The Little Girl Who Fought the Great Depression: Shirley Temple and 1930s America (2014) Excerpt
- Thomson, Rosemarie Garland, ed. (1996). Freakery: Cultural Spectacles of the Extraordinary Body. New York University Press. pp. 185–203. ISBN 0-8147-8217-5.