Spoiled child

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A spoiled child or spoiled brat is a derogatory term aimed at children who exhibit behavioral problems from being overindulged by their parents or other caregivers. Children and teens who are perceived as spoiled may be described as "overindulged", "

DSM-IV,[4] or its successor, the DSM-5.[5] In his book, The Myth of the Spoiled Child, Alfie Kohn
asserts a debunking of varioys claims of spoiling of children leading to negative outcomes.

As syndrome

Richard Weaver, in his work

Pathological Demand Avoidance, which is part of the autism spectrum.[8]

Potential causes

Differential diagnosis

Children with underlying medical or mental health problems may exhibit some of the symptoms. Speech or hearing disorders, and

attention deficit disorder, may lead to children's failing to understand the limits set by parents. Children who have recently experienced a stressful event, such as the separation of the parents (divorce) or the birth or death of a close family relative, may also exhibit some or all of the symptoms. Children of parents who themselves have psychiatric disorders may manifest some of the symptoms, because the parents behave erratically, sometimes failing to perceive their children's behavior correctly, and thus fail to properly or consistently define limits of normal behavior for them.[6]

Treatment

Treatment by a physician involves assessing parental competence, and whether the parents set limits correctly and consistently. Physicians will rule out dysfunction in the family, referring

dysfunctional families for family therapy and dysfunctional parents for parenting skills training, and counsel parents in methods for modifying their child's behavior.[6]

Infants

In early infancy, a baby signals desire for food, contact, and comfort by crying. This behavior can be viewed as a distress signal indicating that some biological need is not being met. While parents sometimes worry about spoiling their children by giving them too much attention, specialists in child development maintain that babies cannot be spoiled in the first six months of life.

basic trust and attachment
.

Only children

Main article: Only child

Alfred Adler (1870–1937) believed that "only children" were likely to experience a variety of problems from their situation. Adler theorized that because only children have no rivals for their parents' affection, they will become pampered and spoiled, particularly by their mother. He suggested that this could later cause interpersonal difficulties if the person is not universally liked and admired.[10]

A 1987 quantitative review of 141 studies on 16 different personality traits contradicted Adler's theory. This research found no evidence of any "spoilage" or other pattern of maladjustment in only children. The major finding was that only children are not very different from children with siblings. The main exception to this was the finding that only children are generally higher in achievement motivation.[11] A second analysis revealed that only children, first-borns, and children with only one sibling score higher on tests of verbal ability than later-borns and children with multiple siblings.[12]

Later life

Spoiling in early childhood tends to create characteristic reactions that persist, fixed, into later life. These can cause significant social problems. Spoiled children may have difficulty coping with situations such as teachers scolding them or refusing to grant extensions on homework assignments, playmates refusing to allow them to play with their toys and playmates refusing playdates with them, a loss in friends, failure in employment, and failure with personal relationships. As adults, spoiled children may experience problems with anger management, professionalism, and personal relationships; a link with adult psychopathy has been observed.[13][14]

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 2642617
    .
  2. ^ Alder, Alfred (1992). "Individual Psychology". Journal of Individual Psychology. 23–24. University of Texas Press, 1992: 355.
  3. ^ "ICD 10". Priory.com. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
  4. ^ "APA Diagnostic Classification DSM-IV-TR". BehaveNet. Retrieved 2013-05-05.
  5. ^ "DSM-5". DSM-5. 2016-10-01. Retrieved 2017-03-22.
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8247-1938-8
    .
  7. ^
    ISBN 978-0-306-47740-9
    .
  8. ^ "What is pathological demand avoidance? - NAS". Autism.org.uk. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
  9. ^ "Can an Infant be Spoiled?". Archived from the original on 2008-12-25. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
  10. ^ Adler, A. (1964). Problems of neurosis. New York: Harper and Row.
  11. JSTOR 352302
    .
  12. S2CID 34618696
    .
  13. ISBN 978-1-4067-4769-0
    .
  14. ISBN 978-0-8144-0932-9
    .

Further reading
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