Maternal bond

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A human mother holds up her child.
Mother sea lion and pup.
A mother yellow-bellied marmot kissing her pup.

A maternal bond is the

adoptee
or a case of blended family.

Both physical and emotional factors influence the mother-child bonding process. In separation anxiety disorder a child becomes fearful and nervous when away from a loved one, usually a parent or other caregiver. New mothers do not always experience instant love toward their child. Instead, the bond can strengthen over time, or fail to develop. Bonds can take hours, days, weeks, or months to develop.[1]

Pregnancy

The maternal bond between a

lifestyle to suit the needs of the developing infant like their blood and placenta and there is 2 connected veins and blood brings nutrients like food, so there is some connection forming between the mother and acts more like a host. At around 18 to 25 weeks, the mother begins to feel the fetus moving. Similar to seeing her child for the first time in an ultrasound scan
, this experience typically leads the mother to feel more attached to her child.

The developing fetus has some awareness of the mother's heartbeat and voice and can respond to touch or movement and could hear sounds around the surroundings. By the seventh month of pregnancy, two-thirds of women report a strong maternal bond with their unborn child.[1]

Some mothers who

post-partum depression or other mental health problems and less likely to breastfeed.[2]

Childbirth and post pregnancy

Childbirth is an experience that can strengthen the mother and child bond. Factors such as a traumatic birth, the mother's childhood, medical stress, lack of support and the influence of a spouse or partner/family or socioeconomic factors like poverty can weaken the bond.

Post pregnancy can be seen as a time for emotional bonding for children even if they were born prematurely, they can still bond by cuddling and hugging or even by touching next to the incubators and playing with children can help with bonding especially of it was skin to skin like share bonding/touch even if it was from the NICU. https://raisingchildren.net.au/newborns/premature-babies-sick-babies/connecting-communicating/bonding-in-the-nicu

Emotional bonding theory first appeared in the mid-1970s in the studies,[3] and by the 1980s had become an accepted phenomenon. Soon, the process became analyzed and scrutinized to the point of creating another term – poor bonding.

Oxytocin

Production of

parasympathetic activity. Thus, anxiety is theoretically reduced. Maternal oxytocin circulation is said to predispose women to bond and show bonding behavior,[4][5] although this has been disputed.[6]

Breastfeeding is also strongly believed to foster the bond, via touch, response and mutual gazing as it stimulates the experience with the baby gazing up and down the mother and drinking from the mother's nipples.[7]

Maternal separation anxiety

Beginning at 9–10 months of age when infants begin to crawl and then when they begin to walk around 12 months of age, they begin to develop capacities to physically explore the world away from their mother.[8] These capacities bring with them separation anxiety as the infant becomes more vulnerable away from mother. This newly acquired motor development parallels infants' intellectual curiosity, and cognitive and language development as they begin to point and name, and jointly attend with mothers to their environment beginning by 9–10 months. Most parents welcome these explorations and this increased independence. However, in the context of maternal depression, trauma or disturbed bonding in her own early life, some mothers have significant difficulty in tolerating the exploration and-or the infant's anxiety.[9]

This separation anxiety increases when infants and toddlers feel threatened or socially reference their mothers for reassurance. The research claimed out that mothers, for example, with histories of violence exposure and

medial prefrontal cortex, a brain area that helps to temper and contextualize fear responses, and thus are likely unable to extinguish their fear response upon watching a videotaped mother-toddler separation scene in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner.[10]

Child separation anxiety

Inevitably, children who have rarely been separated from their mother become anxious when separated for extended periods. This is most commonly experienced when starting to attend school. Separation anxiety can cause children to be unable to be open to new experiences such as attending school regularly. There is a relationship between child separation anxiety and school refusal.[11]

Attachment happens after childbirth and does not form and is likely more fluid as you go further in later in life, this anxiety can reoccur if mothers have to leave their family unit to work. In both cases, the child's anxiety (and that of the parents) can be reduced by priming, i.e. preparing the child for the experience before its occurrence and by creating and maintaining dialogue and connection between the absent parent and child during the separation. Many children may experience such anxiety in various forms.[12] Child separation anxiety may be a learned behaviour which can occur over time initiating from innate fears of separation or trauma.[13]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^
    PMID 10750284
    .
  2. ^ a b [And that has been proven with a statistic of only 20% of motehrs felt that they have an actual connection with a child, after hours of deliveries. (steinfield) https://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/forming-a-bond-with-your-baby-why-it-isnt-always-immediate http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=13 "Family Planning – Healthy People 2020"]. HealthyPeople.gov. Retrieved 2011-08-18. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help) This reference cites:
  3. PMID 21301556
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-7637-8345-7
    .
  5. ISBN 978-1-139-78900-4
    .
  6. ISBN 9783902902122
    .
  7. ^ Else-Quest NM, Hyde JS, Clark R (2003-10-01). "Breastfeeding, bonding, and the mother-infant relationship". Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  8. ISBN 978-0-631-21627-8
    .
  9. PMID 23756225
    .
  10. PMID 26074844
    .
  11. S2CID 252536285
    .
  12. PMID 25980507
    .
  13. ISSN 0762-7491
    .
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