Streak-backed canastero
Streak-backed canastero | |
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song recorded in Ecuador | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Furnariidae |
Genus: | Asthenes |
Species: | A. wyatti
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Binomial name | |
Asthenes wyatti (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1871)
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Subspecies | |
See text | |
Range of streak-backed canastero Clements taxonomy , but excluding A. w. graminicola. (See the Taxonomy and Distribution sections.)
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Synonyms | |
Asthenes sclateri (in part) |
The streak-backed canastero (Asthenes wyatti) is a species of
Taxonomy and systematics
The streak-backed canastero's taxonomy is unsettled. The
- A. w. wyatti (Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1871)
- A. w. sanctaemartae (Todd, 1950)
- A. w. phelpsi (Chesser, 2016)
- A. w. mucuchiesi (Phelps & Gilliard, 1941)
- A. w. aequatorialis (Chapman, 1921)
- A. w. azuay (Chapman, 1923)
- A. w. graminicola (Sclater, PL, 1874)
- A. w. punensis (von Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1901)
- A. w. cuchacanchae (Chapman, 1921)
- A. w. lilloi (Oustalet, 1904)
- A. w. sclateri (Cabanis, 1878)
- A. w. brunnescens (Nores & Yzurieta, 1983)
The South American Classification Committee of the
The IOC lumped the puna canastero into the streak-backed in July 2023; previously their taxonomy had treated them separately like the SACC and Clements still do, but with brunnescens recognized as a subspecies of the puna canestero.[2] HBW had lumped the two by at least late 2018.[6]
Subspecies A. w. phelpsi was previously named perijana but by the principle of priority that name belonged to a different taxon when another genus was merged into Asthenes.[4]
Description
The streak-backed canastero is 16 to 18 cm (6.3 to 7.1 in) long and weighs 17 to 25 g (0.60 to 0.88 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the
The other subspecies of the streak-backed canastero differ from the nominate and each other thus:[7][9][8][10][11]
- A. w. sanctaemartae: wider but less contrasting streaks on the back, darker orange throat, dingy grayish buff underparts
- A. w. phelpsi: light brown underparts and dark chestnut-brown instead of rufous on outer tail feathers
- A. w. mucuchiesi: less brownish upperparts with grayer edges to the streaks
- A. w. aequatorialis: grayer or more rufous upperparts and blacker tail
- A. w. azuay: buffier underparts than aequatorialis; almost entirely rufous wings
- A. w. graminicola: tawny underparts with only a hint of streaks
- A. w. sclateri: pale gray-brown upperparts with rufous-edged blackish streaks, dark brown wing coverts with rufous-chestnut edges, base of flight feathers bright rufous and the rest brown with rufescent edges, central tail feathers dark gray-brown and the rest dark fuscous with progressively more rufous at the ends, whitish throat with faint pale rufous center, tawny-buff underparts
- A. w. punensis: darker and grayer upperparts with less streaking than sclateri and rufous only at the tail feather tips
- A. w. cuchacanchae: paler and more heavily streaked upperparts and paler and less tawny underparts than sclateri, and paler rufous on the flight feathers
- A. w. lilloi: slightly darker upperparts than cuchacanchae with a rufescent tinge and heavier streaks, rufous on flight feathers intermediate between cuchacanchae and sclateri
- A. w. brunnescens: essentially the same as sclateri
Subspecies A. w. graminicola and A. w. punensis
Distribution and habitat
The subspecies of the streak-backed canastero are found thus:[7][9][2]
- A. w. wyatti: Norte de Santander Department in Colombia's Eastern Andes
- A. w. sanctaemartae: the isolated Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia
- A. w. phelpsi: Serranía del Perijá straddling the Colombia-Venezuela border
- A. w. mucuchiesi: Mérida and Trujillo states in western Venezuela
- A. w. aequatorialis: western Andes of central Ecuador between Carchi and Cotopaxi provinces
- A. w. azuay: from Azuay Province in southern Ecuador south through Zamora-Chinchipe and northern Loja into northern Peru's Piura, Cajamarca, and Ancash departments
- A. w. graminicola: Andes of Peru from the Department of Junín south and east into western Bolivia's La Paz Department
- A. w. punensis: basin of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia's La Paz Department and Peru's Department of Puno
- A. w. cuchacanchae: from Bolivia's Cochabamba Department south through Potosí Department into northwestern Argentina's Salta Province
- A. w. lilloi: northwestern Argentina's Catamarca, Tucumán, and La Rioja provinces
- A. w. sclateri: Sierra de Córdoba in Córdoba Provincein central Argentina
- A. w. brunnescens: Sierra de San Luis in central Argentina's San Luis Province
The streak-backed canastero inhabits páramo and puna grasslands, often arid ones, characterized by rock outcroppings and usually, but not always, with tall tussock grass and low shrubs. In the southern part of its range it also occurs locally in Polylepis woodlands with tussock grass ground cover. In elevation the northern (Venezuela to central Peru) populations mostly range from 3,000 to 4,500 m (9,800 to 14,800 ft) but occur locally as low as 2,400 m (7,900 ft) and up to 5,000 m (16,000 ft). The southern ("puna canastero") populations mostly occur between 2,000 to 4,000 m (6,600 to 13,100 ft) and range locally down to 1,800 m (5,900 ft).[7][9][8][10][11]
Behavior
General
The streak-backed canastero is usually seen singly or in pairs, and is essentially terrestrial, often staying hidden among clumps of grass. It runs rather than flies when disturbed.[7][9][8][10]
Movement
The streak-backed canastero is mostly a year-round resident throughout its range but has been noted moving downslope in the southern Andes to avoid snowstorms.[7][9]
Feeding
The streak-backed canastero's diet is arthropods, though details are lacking. It usually forages singly or in pairs, and mostly gleans prey from the ground and clumps of grass. It has been observed leaping into the air to catch insects on the wing.[7][9][8][10]
Breeding
The streak-backed canastero's breeding season has not been fully described but appears to vary greatly among the subspecies. In the south it probably breeds in the austral spring and summer. The species weaves a globular nest of leaves, stems, and other plant material on the ground under a clump of grass or very near the ground in one. It has a side entrance with a tunnel leading to the nest chamber. The clutch size is two or three eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.[7][9]
Vocalization
Despite its very large north to south range, the streak-backed canastero's song and calls appear to differ little among the subspecies. Its song is a "dry rattling phrase that gradually ascends in frequency while accelerating and increasing in amplitude until the very end when it suddenly fades and drops in frequency ti-ti-tititittrrreeuw". The song is often repeated with a few seconds between bouts. Birds commonly sing from a perch atop a shrub and several birds may countersing. The species' calls include a "short shrill trrreee", a "very short chick!, a "long series of short high-pitched tink notes", and a "soft tzup or chup".[7][9]
Status
The
References
- ^ . Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Ovenbirds, woodcreepers". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Retrieved July 31, 2023.
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
- ^ a b Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 31 May 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 31, 2023
- ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
- ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2018) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 3. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v3_Nov18.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Remsen, Jr., J. V., H. F. Greeney, and P. F. D. Boesman (2023). Streak-backed Canastero (Asthenes wyatti), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (B. K. Keeney, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.stbcan1.01.1 retrieved September 25, 2023
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9827615-0-2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Remsen, Jr., J. V. and H. F. Greeney (2020). Puna Canastero (Asthenes sclateri), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.puncan1.01 retrieved September 25, 2023
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7.
- ^ ISBN 0691090351.