Tahōtō

Hōtō

The hōtō (宝塔) or treasure pagoda is the ancestor of the tahōtō and dates to the introduction to Japan of Shingon and Tendai Buddhism in the ninth century.^[2][6] No wooden hōtō has survived, although modern copies do exist. They are usually made from stone, bronze, or iron, and specimens are always miniatures comprising a foundation stone, barrel-shaped body, pyramid roof, and a finial.^[2][7]

Daitō

While the tahōtō is 3x3

balustrade, the upper part is inaccessible with no usable space.^[1] The lower roof, known as a mokoshi, provides shelter and the appearance of an additional storey.^[6][11]

Floor plan

Raised over the kamebara or 'tortoise mound' (亀腹), the ground floor has a square plan, 3x3

ken across, with a circular core.^[7][12] Inside, a room is marked out by the shitenbashira or 'four pillars of heaven' (四天柱), a reference to the Four Heavenly Kings.^[1][7] The main objects of worship are often enshrined within.^[7][13]

Upper part

Above is a second 'tortoise mound', in a residual reference to the

four-stepped brackets.^[1][15]

Finial

Main article: Sōrin

Like all Japanese pagodas, the tahōtō is topped by a vertical shaft known as the sōrin (相輪).

lotus petals; nine rings; 'water flame'; and jewel.^[16] The finial's division in sections has a symbolic meaning and its structure as a whole itself represents a pagoda.^[17]

Miniature versions

A number of smaller versions of the tahōtō are known, of stone, bronze, iron, or wood, and similar to the hōtō.[18]^[19]

Meaning

A number of

Mount Sumeru, with the finial as the axis of the world; or, by a folk interpretation, the square base may represents a folded robe, the dome an overturned begging bowl, and the spire a walking staff.^[3] The tahōtō served not as a reliquary tower but often as an icon hall.^[7]

Examples

Image	Property	Date	Municipality	Prefecture	Comments	Designation
	Raigō-in tahōtō (来迎院多宝塔)[20][21]	1556	Ryūgasaki	Ibaraki Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Rakuhō-ji tahōtō (楽法寺多宝塔)[22]	1684	Sakuragawa	Ibaraki Prefecture	3 three-storey pagoda of 1254, later ruined and rebuilt	Prefectural
	Banna-ji tahōtō (鑁阿寺多宝塔)	1692	Ashikaga	Tochigi Prefecture	3 ken
	Kanasana Jinja tahōtō (金鑽神社多宝塔)[23]	1534	Kamikawa	Saitama Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Kita-in tahōtō (喜多院多宝塔)[24]	1639	Kawagoe	Saitama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Nago-dera tahōtō (那古寺多宝塔)[25]	1761	Tateyama	Chiba Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof	Prefectural
	Ishidō-ji tahōtō (石堂寺多宝塔)[26]	1548	Minamibōsō	Chiba Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Narita-san daitō (新勝寺大塔)	1984	Narita	Chiba Prefecture	5 ken
	Gokoku-ji tahōtō (護国寺多宝塔)[27]	1938	Bunkyō	Tōkyō	3 ken, tiled roof; modelled on that of Ishiyama-dera
	Ikegami Honmon-ji hōtō (池上本門寺宝塔)[28]	1828	Ōta	Tōkyō		ICP
	Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū daitō (鶴岡八幡宮大塔)		Kamakura	Kanagawa Prefecture	5 ken; destroyed
	Nichiryūbu-ji tahōtō (日竜峯寺多宝塔)[29][30]	1275-1332	Seki	Gifu Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	ICP
	Kannon-ji tahōtō (観音寺多宝塔)[31][32]	1536	Nagoya	Aichi Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof	ICP
	Shōkai-ji tahōtō (性海寺多宝塔)[33][34]	1393-1466	Inazawa	Aichi Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof	ICP
	Mantoku-ji tahōtō (万徳寺多宝塔)[35][36]	1467-1572	Inazawa	Aichi Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	ICP
	Senjō-in tahōtō (泉浄院多宝塔)	1962	Inuyama	Aichi Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Daiju-ji tahōtō (大樹寺多宝塔)[37][38]	1535	Okazaki	Aichi Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	ICP
	Chiryū Jinja tahōtō (知立神社多宝塔)[39][40]	1509	Chiryū	Aichi Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Tōkannon-ji tahōtō (東観音寺多宝塔)[41][42]	1528	Toyohashi	Aichi Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Mitsuzō-in tahōtō (密蔵院多宝塔)[15][43][44]	1393-1466	Kasugai	Aichi Prefecture	3 shingle roof; dismantled for repairs in 1953, roof repairs in 1977	ICP
	Ishiyama-dera tahōtō (石山寺多宝塔)[45][46][47][48]	1194	Ōtsu	Shiga Prefecture	3 ICP )	National Treasure
	Kontai-ji tahōtō (金胎寺多宝塔)[49]	1298	Wazuka	Kyōto Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Jōjakō-ji tōba (常寂光寺塔婆(多宝塔))[49]	1620	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	ICP
	Yoshimine-dera tahōtō (善峰寺多宝塔)[50]	1621	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	ICP
	Hōtō-ji tōba (寶塔寺塔婆(多宝塔))[51]	1438	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Honpō-ji tahōtō (本法寺多宝塔)[52]	1808	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Hōrin-ji tahōtō (法輪寺多宝塔)	1942	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof
	Jingo-ji tahōtō (神護寺多宝塔)[53][54]	1935	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 Kokuzō Bosatsu (National Treasures )
	Chion-in tahōtō (知恩院多宝塔)	1958	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Eikan-dō tahōtō (永観堂多宝塔)[55]	1928	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken
	Daikaku-ji hōtō (大覚寺宝塔)[56]	1967	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Kurama-dera tahōtō (鞍馬寺多宝塔)[57]	1960	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken; the previous tahōtō was destroyed in the late Edo period
	Sanmyō-in tahōtō (三明院多宝塔)	1961	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof
	Seiryō-ji tahōtō (清凉寺多宝塔)[58]	1702	Kyōto	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Anao-ji tahōtō (穴太寺多宝塔)[59]	1804	Kameoka	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Daifukukō-ji tahōtō (大福光寺多宝塔)[15][60]	1275-1332	Kyōtamba	Kyōto Prefecture	3 hinoki roof; dismantled for repairs in 1918, roof repairs in 1955	ICP
	Enryū-ji tahōtō (円隆寺多宝塔)[61]	1751	Maizuru	Kyōto Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Chion-ji tahōtō (智恩寺多宝塔)[62]	1500	Miyazu	Kyōto Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Shōman-in tōba (勝鬘院塔婆)[63]	1597	Ōsaka	Ōsaka Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Iwawaki-dera tahōtō (岩湧寺多宝塔)[64][65]	1467-1572	Kawachinagano	Ōsaka Prefecture	3 ICP )	ICP
	Kongō-ji tahōtō (金剛寺多宝塔)[66]	1086-1184	Kawachinagano	Ōsaka Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Jigen-in tahōtō (慈眼院多宝塔)[67]	1271	Izumisano	Ōsaka Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	National Treasure
	Daiitoku-ji tahōtō (大威徳寺多宝塔)[68]	1515	Kishiwada	Ōsaka Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Katsuō-ji tahōtō (勝尾寺多宝塔)[69]	1987	Minō	Ōsaka Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof
	Hōdō-ji tahōtō (法道寺多宝塔)[15][70]	1368	Sakai	Ōsaka Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof; dismantled for repairs in 1921, roof repairs in 1969	ICP
	Eifuku-ji tahōtō (叡福寺多宝塔)[71]	1652	Taishi	Ōsaka Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Sagami-ji tahōtō (酒見寺多宝塔)[72]	1662	Kasai	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 hinoki upper roof	ICP
	Okusan-ji tahōtō (奥山寺多宝塔)[73]	1709	Kasai	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Chōkō-ji tahōtō (奥山寺多宝塔)[73]	1710	Katō	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Tokkō-in tahōtō (徳光院多宝塔)[74]	1478	Kobe	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Gaya-in tahōtō (伽耶院多宝塔)[75]	1648	Miki	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Renge-ji tahōtō (蓮花寺多宝塔)[73]	1812	Miki	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	Prefectural
	Tōkō-ji tahōtō (蓮花寺多宝塔)[73]	mid-Muromachi period	Miki	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 ken, iron upper roof, tiled lower roof	Prefectural
	Shōkon-ji tahōtō (荘厳寺多宝塔)[73]	1715	Nishiwaki	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	Prefectural
	Chōon-ji tahōtō (長遠寺多宝塔)[76]	1607	Amagasaki	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Onsen-ji tahōtō (温泉寺多宝塔)	1767	Toyooka	Hyōgo Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Kichiden-ji tahōtō (吉田寺多宝塔)[77]	1463	Ikaruga	Nara Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Kume-dera tahōtō (久米寺多宝塔)[78]	1615-1660	Kashihara	Nara Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Chōgosonshi-ji tahōtō (朝護孫子寺多宝塔)	late Edo period	Heguri	Nara Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Hōzan-ji tahōtō (宝山寺多宝塔)	1957	Ikoma	Nara Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Tōnan-in tahōtō (東南院多宝塔)[79]	early Meiji period	Yoshino	Nara Prefecture	3 shingle roof
	Jison-in tahōtō (慈尊院多宝塔)[80]	1624	Kudoyama	Wakayama Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof	Prefectural
	Kōyasan Danjō Garan daitō (大塔)[3][9]	1937	Kōya	Wakayama Prefecture	5 five Buddhas of the Diamond Realm enshrined inside, with bodhisattva painted on the columns, in a form of mandala ; the first daitō was completed in 837; it and four successors were destroyed by fire
	Kongōbu-ji Saitō (金剛峯寺西塔)[9]	1834	Kōya	Wakayama Prefecture	5 ken, tiled roof; five Buddhas of the Womb Realm enshrined inside
	Kongōbu-ji Tōtō (金剛峯寺東塔)	1984	Kōya	Wakayama Prefecture	3 ken
	Kongō Sanmai-in tahōtō (金剛三昧院多宝塔)[81][82]	1223	Kōya	Wakayama Prefecture	3 Five Buddhas	National Treasure
	Kimii-dera tahōtō (護国院多宝塔)[83]	1449	Wakayama	Wakayama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Kaizen-in tahōtō (海禅院多宝塔)[84]	1653	Wakayama	Wakayama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Negoro-ji tahōtō (daitō) (根来寺多宝塔(大塔))[85]	1492-1554	Iwade	Wakayama Prefecture	3 hinoki roof	National Treasure
	Jōmyō-ji tahōtō (浄妙寺多宝塔)[15][86]	1275-1332	Arida	Wakayama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof; dismantled for repairs in 1935	ICP
	Chōhō-ji tahōtō (長保寺多宝塔)[15][87]	1357	Kainan	Wakayama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof; dismantled for repairs in 1927	National Treasure
	Henshō-ji tahōtō (遍照寺多宝塔)[88]	1606	Kasaoka	Okayama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	ICP
	Rendai-ji tahōtō (蓮台寺多宝塔)[89]	1670	Kurashiki	Okayama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof; rebuilt after a storm in 1843	Prefectural
	Anjū-in tahōtō (安住院多宝塔)[90]	1688-1703	Okayama	Okayama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Shōen-ji tōba (tahōtō) (静円寺塔婆(多宝塔))[91]	1690	Setouchi	Okayama Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Mitaki-dera tahōtō (三瀧寺多宝塔)[92][93]	1526	Hiroshima	Hiroshima Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof; originally part of a Hachiman shrine in Wakayama Prefecture; relocated in 1951 in honour of the victims of the atomic bomb	Prefectural
	Itsukushima Jinja tahōtō (厳島神社多宝塔)[94][95]	1523	Hatsukaichi	Hiroshima Prefecture	3 shingle roof	ICP
	Jōdo-ji tahōtō (浄土寺多宝塔)[15][96][97]	1319-28	Onomichi	Hiroshima Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof; dismantled for repairs in 1935, repainted in 1973	National Treasure
	Kōsan-ji tahōtō (耕三寺多宝塔)[98]	1942	Onomichi	Hiroshima Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof; modelled on that of Ishiyama-dera	Registered
	Buttsu-ji tahōtō (佛通寺多宝塔)[99]	1927	Mihara	Hiroshima Prefecture	3 ken, copper roof	Registered
	Akaibō tahōtō (閼伽井坊多宝塔)[100][101]	1560	Kudamatsu	Yamaguchi Prefecture	3 shingle roof; inscription with date found in 1928	ICP
	Kirihata-ji daitō (切幡寺大塔)[4][102]	1618	Awa	Tokushima Prefecture	5 Meiji period	ICP
	Yakuō-ji yugitō (薬王寺瑜祇塔)[103]	1963	Minami	Tokushima Prefecture
	Kumadani-ji tahōtō (熊谷寺多宝塔)[104]	1774	Awa	Tokushima Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof	Prefectural
	Yoda-ji tahōtō (與田寺多宝塔)	1984	Higashikagawa	Kagawa Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Ōkubo-ji tahōtō (大窪寺多宝塔)	1954	Sanuki	Kagawa Prefecture	3 ken
	Dōryū-ji tahōtō (道隆寺多宝塔)	1980	Tadotsu	Kagawa Prefecture	3 ken, tiled roof
	Yakuri-ji tahōtō (八栗寺多宝塔)	1984	Takamatsu	Kagawa Prefecture	3 ken

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tahōtō.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daitō.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hōtō.

• List of National Treasures of Japan (temples)

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