Tahdhib al-Ahkam
 Front cover of Tahdhib al-Ahkam | |
| Author | Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Hassan Tusi |
|---|---|
| Language | Arabic |
| Media type | Book |
| Part of a series on Shia Islam |
| Twelver Shi'ism |
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| Part of a series on |
| Hadith |
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Tahdhib al-Ahkam (
Title
Tahdhib al-Ahkam is translated by Ludwig W. Adamec as confirmation of decision[3] and by I.K.A Howard as The Refinement of the Laws (as Discussed).[4]
Author
Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Hasan Tusi (
Twelver scholar and authored two references of Shia collections of tradition, Tahdhib al-Ahkam and Al-Istibsar. Al-Shaikh al-Tusi died in Najaf on the 22nd of Muharram on 2 December 1067.[5]
Background
Shaykh al-Mufid, he found conflicting Hadith (traditions) in Shia sources. Due to his nomination at the introduction of Tahdhib al-Ahkam,[4] he wrote the book as a commentary on the Al-Muqni'ah for solving the crisis of contradiction in the Shia Islamic seminary in response to his friend request. Ali Nasiri give three reasons for selection Al-Muqni'ah by Shaykh Tusi: dignity of Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid, Al-Muqni'ah was based on Shia view and last reason is fruition of Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid’s intellectual and mental protection.[7]
Content
Shaykh Tusi explained his style in authoring the Tahdhib al-Ahkam in the introduction of it. According to viewpoint of Ali Nasiri, Shaykh Tusi authored this book basis on the six phases:[7]
- Mention the jurisprudential issues by keeping the structure of the book al-Muqni'ah by Shaykh al-Mufid
- Recounting their proof except tradition (Hadith): Shaykh Tusi nominated to three type of proof, the ShiaMuslim scholars.
- Recounting the Hadith proof: one of the fundamental parts at Tahdhib al-Ahkam is to rely on the tradition that protects every issue.
- Recounting the conflicting proof: rectifying the conflicting tradition was the main purpose of Shaykh Tusi for authoring this book. So he devoted the main part of his work to examine such tradition with a tradition that verifies every issue.
- Describing the way of rectifying concordant and conflicting traditions: after determining this type of tradition, Shaykh Tusi inspect the way of rectifying.
- Citing tradition in a bid to declare the interpretation: Shaykh Tusi used interpretation and rationalization to rectifying concordant and conflicting traditions.
Therefore, Shaykh Tusi proceeded to his work in three step:[7]
- Transmitting tradition that verifies every issue
- Transmitting tradition that contrasts the first set of tradition
- Transmitting tradition that affirms the interpretation
Tahdhib al-Ahkam contains the following:[4]
- I: Ritual purity in Islam (Arabic: الطهارة (Taharah))
- II: Prayer
- III: religious tax
- IV: fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence
- V: Pilgrimage
- VI: Sacred War
- VII: Judgements and Legal Requirements (Arabic: القضاء و الاحکام)
- VIII: Acquisitions (Arabic: المکاسب)
- IX: Arabic: التجارة)
- X: Marriage in Islam
- XI: Divorce
- XII: Manumission of Slaves
- XIII: Oaths, Vows and Atonements
- XIV: Hunting and Ritual Slaughter
- XV: Endowments and Alms
- XVI: Bequests
- XVII: Formal Rules of Inheritance
- XVIII: Punishment prescribed by Revelation
- XIX: Indemnities for Bodily Injury
According to Najaf publication, Tahdhib al-Ahkam included 409 chapters, 13988 traditions and according to the counting of Muhaddis Noori it included 393 chapters, 13590 traditions. This variance between reports had led by mistake in counting.[8]
See also
- Akhlaq-i Nasiri
- Hilyat al-Muttaqin
References
- ISBN 978-1-904063-47-6.
- ISBN 978-1-312-52224-4.
- ISBN 978-1-4616-7193-0.
- ^ a b c Howard, I. K. A. Great Shi'i Works: 'Tahdhib al-Ahkam' and 'Al-Istibsar' by Al-Tusi.
- ISBN 978-0-415-96692-4.
- ISBN 978-0759101890.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-907905-08-7.
- ^ Encyclopaedia Institute of Islamic Fiqh. Enclopediya of Islamic world.