Takoma Park, Maryland

Coordinates: 38°58′48″N 77°0′8″W / 38.98000°N 77.00222°W / 38.98000; -77.00222
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Takoma Park, Maryland
City
The intersection of Laurel and Carroll Avenues
The intersection of Laurel and Carroll Avenues
FIPS code
24-76650
GNIS feature ID2390660[2]
Websitetakomaparkmd.gov

Takoma Park is a city in

2020 census.[4]

Since 2013, residents of Takoma Park can vote in

municipal elections when they turn sixteen.[5] It was the first city in the United States to extend voting rights to 16- and 17-year-olds in city elections.[5] Since then, the City of Hyattsville has followed suit.[6]

History

19th century

Takoma Park was founded by

spa and trolley park
.

Takoma was originally the name of

Lushootseed [təqʷúbəʔ] (earlier *təqʷúməʔ), 'snow-covered mountain'.[9] In response to a wish of Gilbert, the name Takoma was chosen in 1883 by DC resident Ida Summy, who believed it to mean 'high up' or 'near heaven'.[10] The city of Tacoma in Washington state is also named after Mount Takhoma (Mount Rainier
).

Gilbert's first purchase of land was in spring 1884 when he bought 100 acres (0.40 km2) of land from G.C. Grammar, which was known as Robert's Choice.[7]: 331 [11] This plot of land was located on both sides of the railroad station, roughly bounded by today's Sixth Street on the west, Aspen Street on the south, Willow Avenue on the east, and Takoma Avenue on the north.[7]: 331  At the time, much of the land was covered by thick forest, some of which was cleared away in order to lay out and grade streets and housing lots.[12] At its founding, most lots measured 50 by 200 feet (15 by 60 m)[12] and were sold for $327 to $653 per acre.[13] By August 1885, there were about 100 people living in Takoma Park, including temporary summer residents and year-round permanent residents.[12] Gilbert himself lived in a wooden house on a stone foundation, with 20 rooms and a 65-foot (20 m) tower.[12]

Gilbert purchased another plot of land in 1886. The land was roughly bounded by Carroll Avenue to the Big Spring (now Takoma Junction) and what is now Woodland Avenue. Gilbert named this land New Takoma. Gilbert later purchased the Jones farm and the Naughton farm, which together he named North Takoma.

Francis P. Blair, Richard L. T. Beale, and the Riggs family.[11]

Gilbert hired contractor Fred E. Dudley to build many of the homes in Takoma Park. One of the homes built by Dudley was the home of Cady Lee[clarification needed], which was designed by Leon E. Dessez and still stands today at Piney Branch Road and Eastern Avenue. Dudley's son Wentworth was the first child born in Takoma Park.[7]: 331 

By 1888, there were 75 houses built in the community,[13] and the number increased to 235 homes by 1889.[7]: 335  In 1889, Gilbert purchased several acres of land along Sligo Creek from a physician in Boston named Dr. R.C. Flower, in order to build a sanitarium on the land.[14] By this point, Takoma Park stretched 1,500 acres (5 km2).[11]

The deed of each of the original houses prohibited alcohol from being made or sold on the property,[11][13][7]: 335  a prohibition that continued in the city until 1983.[15] Takoma Park incorporated as a town on April 3, 1890.[16] The first town election was held on May 5, 1890, and Gilbert was elected mayor and J. Vance Lewis, George H. Bailey, Daniel Smith, and Frederick J. Lung were elected to the town council.[17]

The Watkins Hotel was built in 1892.[18] A fire destroyed the town's recently built commercial district and the Watkins Hotel in 1893.[18] Gilbert's North Takoma Hotel was built later that year, advertising the pure spring water nearby its 160 rooms.[18]

Many of the streets were originally known as avenues. When the Commissioners of the District of Columbia mandated a District-wide street-naming system, those on the District side were renamed streets but retained their names otherwise.

Takoma, D.C., were renamed entirely. Susquehanna Avenue became Whittier Street. Tahoe Street was renamed Aspen Street. Umatilla Street became Aspen Street. Vermilion Street became Cedar Street. Wabash Street was renamed Dahlia Street. Aspin became Elder Street. Magnolia Street became Eastern Avenue.[19]

Takoma Park Seventh-day Adventist Church

Early 20th century

In 1904, the Seventh-day Adventist Church purchased five acres of land in Takoma Park along Carroll Avenue, Laurel Avenue, and Willow Avenue.[20] The land was located on both sides of the Maryland-District of Columbia border.[20] The land was intended for a church, office building, printer, and residences for prominent members of the church.[20] In 1903, the Seventh-day Adventist Church decided to move their headquarters to the Washington area after its headquarters' publishing house in Battle Creek, Michigan, had burned to the ground.[21] The church decided that moving to a more urban setting would be a more appropriate place from which to increase the church's presence in the southern states.[22] The church purchased fifty acres of land along Sligo Creek in Takoma Park to build the new headquarters.[23] The land was away from downtown Washington and had clean water available from a natural spring located at present-day Spring Park.[24] For many decades Takoma Park served as the world headquarters of the Seventh-day Adventist Church,[25] until it moved to northern Silver Spring in 1989.[24]

In 1908, North Takoma Hotel was bought by Louis Denton Bliss, who turned it into Bliss Electrical School.[18] Months later, a fire destroyed the building, and Bliss rebuilt the school at another site.[18] The school was eventually bought by Montgomery County where it became the site of Montgomery College's Takoma Park/Silver Spring campus.[18]

Mid 20th century

The Takoma Blue Devils in 1963.

In 1964, an inside-the-Capital-Beltway extension of

Metrorail line to the site of the former train station, and worked with other neighborhood groups to halt plans for a wider system of freeways going into and out of DC.[26]

This controversy also raised the profile of Takoma Park at a time in the late 1960s and 1970s when it was becoming noted regionally and nationally for political activism outside the Nation's capital, with newspaper commentators describing it as "The People's Republic of Takoma Park" or "The Berkeley of the East".[27] This era of activism extended into the 1980s, when Takoma Park declared itself a Nuclear-free zone and a sanctuary for Salvadoran and Guatemalan refugees.[28]

Much of the old town Takoma Park was incorporated into the Takoma Park Historic District; listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.[29]

Late 20th and early 21st century

Before 1995, the eastern boundary of the city of Takoma Park was in

Maryland/D.C. line (where the original downtown area is located). For several years, Takoma Park lobbied the State of Maryland for legislation allowing county boundaries to be adjusted. The State finally agreed to this change, with the stipulation that cross-county municipalities would no longer be allowed; the new municipal boundary would forever remain within the county of its choosing. In August 1995, after passage of the law, the city held a public referendum asking registered voters living in three Prince George's County neighborhoods north of New Hampshire Avenue whether they wanted to be annexed to the city of Takoma Park. There was a majority of votes, 219 out of 313, in favor of annexation to the city.[30]

In November 1995, the state-sponsored referendum was held asking whether the portions of the city in Prince George's County should be annexed to Montgomery County, or vice versa. The majority of votes in the referendum were in favor of unification of the entire city in Montgomery County.[31] Following subsequent approval by both counties' councils and the Maryland General Assembly, the county line was moved to include the entire city into Montgomery County (including territory in Prince George's County newly annexed by the city) on July 1, 1997.[32] This process became known as Unification.[33]

The city experienced substantial

Census Bureau's 2019 population estimate,[34] many of whom live in a cluster of high-rise and mid-rise apartment buildings surrounding Sligo Creek
, which cuts a deep valley through the community.

The City Council adopted the Takoma Park Safe Grow Act of 2013,[35] which went into effect March 1, 2014,[36] and bans synthetic pesticides and requires organic lawn management on all city lands.

In 2018, the City of Takoma Park proposed renaming streets that were named after

United States Civil War, namely Grant Avenue, Lee Avenue, Sherman Avenue, Sheridan Avenue, and Jackson Avenue.[37]

Geography

Map
See also: List of parks in Takoma Park

Takoma Park sits on the edge of the

Sligo Creek Park and the 9-mile (14 km) Sligo Creek Trail bisect the area. The main street, Carroll Avenue, and the main state highway
, Route 410/East West Highway, narrow to two lanes within city limits. Takoma Park has an extensive hardwood tree canopy which is protected by local ordinance.

Takoma Park is bounded by downtown

District of Columbia
line.

The corner of Eastern and Carroll Avenues roughly marks the center of the old commercial district. Other town centers include: "Takoma Junction", the corner of Carroll Avenue and Route 410 in the geographic center of town, home to the city's large

food co-op; Takoma-Langley Crossroads in downtown Langley Park, and the Flower shopping district, both of which are home to many immigrant-owned establishments. Takoma Park's municipal center is located at the corner of Maple Avenue and Route 410. Washington Adventist University
marks the corner of Carroll and Flower Avenues.

Neighborhoods by ward

Welcome sign

Takoma Park has many small neighborhoods. There are approximately fifty neighborhood listservs.[39]

  • Ward 1
    • Hodges Heights
    • Old Takoma a.k.a. the Philadelphia-Eastern Neighborhood
    • North Takoma
  • Ward 2
    • B.F. Gilbert Subdivision (an extension of Old Town)
    • Glaizewood Manor
    • Long Branch-Sligo
    • South of Sligo
  • Ward 3
    • SS Carroll Neighborhood, named after the addition made by Samuel S. Carroll[40][41] Also known "The Generals" streets: Grant Ave, Lee Ave, Sherman Ave, Sheridan Ave.
    • Pinecrest
    • Takoma Junction
    • Westmoreland Area
  • Ward 4
    • Maple Ave apartment district
    • Ritchie Ave
    • SS Carroll Neighborhood
  • Ward 5
    • Between the Creeks (part of the greater Long Branch / East Silver Spring area centered along Flower Ave)
  • Ward 6
    • Hillwood Manor
    • New Hampshire Gardens

Takoma Avenue Historic District

Main article: Takoma Avenue Historic District

The Takoma Avenue Historic District is a national

historic district. All five houses were constructed in 1951, are identical in their layout and construction, and were designed by Charles M. Goodman
.

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1890164—
1900756361.0%
19101,24264.3%
19203,168155.1%
19306,415102.5%
19408,93839.3%
195013,34149.3%
196016,79925.9%
197018,50710.2%
198016,231−12.3%
199016,7002.9%
200017,2993.6%
201016,715−3.4%
202017,6295.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[42]
2010–2020[4]

2010 census

As of the

Latino
of any race were 14.5% of the population.

There were 6,569 households, of which 33.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.6% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.12.

The median age in the city was 38 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30.8% were from 25 to 44; 28.7% were from 45 to 64; and 10% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.6% male and 53.4% female.

2000 census

As of the

Latino
of any race were 14.42% of the population.

There were 6,893 households, out of which 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. Approximately 4.5% of all couples were unmarried same sex couples.[45] 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.6% under the age of 18, 8.8% from 18 to 24, 35.9% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,490, and the median income for a family was $63,434. Males had a median income of $40,668 versus $35,073 for females. The

poverty line
, including 10.5% of those under age 18 and 20.5% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

According to the City's fiscal year 2020

Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[46]
the top employers in the city are the following.

# Employer # of Employees
1 Montgomery College 833
2 City of
Takoma Park, Maryland
 258
3 Montgomery County Public Schools 246
4 Washington Adventist University 150
5
Adventist Healthcare
(TP Campus) 		140
6 Sligo Creek Center (medical facility) 92
7 Don Bosco Cristo Rey High School 58
8 Takoma Park / Silver Spring Co-Op 48
9
International House of Pancakes
 30
10 Republic 12

Arts and culture

Ward Sinclair Plaza

Takoma Park is known for a variety of cultural events, most notable of which is the Takoma Park Folk Festival, which attracts an audience from across the Mid-Atlantic region.

The Takoma Park Folk Festival is a free annual festival featuring music by local musicians on six stages. Performers range from well-seasoned stage veterans to youngsters on stage for the first time, and the music spans genres from old-time fiddle and bluegrass to acoustic folk-rock to Afro-Latin fusion, and more. The festival also includes children's activities, a juried crafts show, and community tables where local organizations and politicians reach out to the community. It has been in existence since 1978, founded by Sam Abbott, former Mayor of the city and civil-rights activist.[47]

Takoma Park is notable for being the home of blues guitarist John Fahey, who (together with other local music institutions) popularized the city as a haven for folk musicians. He named his label, Takoma Records, for the city, and many of his songs reference local landmarks. Mary Chapin Carpenter, Al Petteway (composer of Sligo Creek) and many other prominent local and national artists have made their home in and around Takoma Park. Root Boy Slim and Goldie Hawn are from Takoma Park.

Other annual festivals include the mildly

LGBTQ and fair trade
, reflecting Takoma Park's historic reputation for activism.

Immediately adjacent to the downtown,

Washington Opera. Two (currently vacant) freestanding theaters, the Takoma Theater and the Flower Theater, anchor either end of town. Takoma Park is also home to the Dance Exchange (founded by Liz Lerman) and the Institute of Musical Traditions, a performance society founded by the House of Musical Traditions. Kinetic Artistry, a notable theatre supplier for the Washington area, is also located in Takoma Park. The Takoma Theatre Conservancy is an organization attempting to renovate the 500-seat Takoma Theatre for multiuse purposes.[49] The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) awarded a Construction Permit to Historic Takoma Inc (HTI) for Takoma Radio. The hyper-local neighborhood station will be identified on the air as WOWD-LP, 94.3FM, and has plans to debut in mid-2016.[50]

Takoma Park has been home to a variety of local characters who have contributed to the city's sense of identity and culture, including "Catman" and Motor Cat,[51] Roscoe the Rooster,[52] The Banjo Man,[53] and "Fox Man",[54] a local animal rights activist and founder of the city's Tool Library. Takoma Park also has a year-round farmer's market and two other farmers markets which sell local produce and free range meats.

Several local newspapers have served the community including The Voice[55] and the satirical Takoma Torch.

Nearby libraries

Institutions

The Sam Abbott Citizens Center, Takoma Park's former city auditorium, has been refurbished as a community theater and gallery.

community center from 2003–2007. A gymnasium was requested by the city's youth sports leagues after lobbying from Steve Francis, the NBA basketball player, who grew up in Takoma Park; but funding was not identified.[58]
A small fenced-in basketball court has since been built adjacent to the community center.

In 2010, the Seventh-Day Adventist Church received authorization to relocate the regional Washington Adventist Hospital from the center of town to an outlying area of nearby Silver Spring, Maryland, alongside its international headquarters and the Adventist Book and Health Food Store, which had also been located within city limits. This had followed an effort by county officials to close or relocate the city's fire station, located on the side of a steep hill. Due to resulting controversy, the City Council lobbied to retain the old Hospital facility as a "health campus."[59] The hospital had been in operation for over a century, having been founded as the Washington Sanitarium overlooking Sligo Creek in 1907.[60] Officials also successfully lobbied to retain a university located on the same campus, which has been renamed Washington Adventist University.

In the 1970s, the city experienced controversy over plans to expand or relocate

downtown Silver Spring. This debate was subsequently resolved when the County agreed to preserve the existing campus, and expand in the direction of downtown Silver Spring by building a bridge across the B&O railroad tracks. It was renamed the "Takoma Park-Silver Spring Campus," focused on health, nursing and the arts. The expanded campus included a major new arts center located in South Silver Spring, near the boundary between the three jurisdictions.[citation needed] After more than 100 years in Takoma Park, a city on the northern edge of Washington DC, Washington Adventist Hospital has relocated to Silver Spring, Maryland and has been renamed Adventist Healthcare White Oak Medical Center.[61]

The Takoma Park-Silver Spring Food Co-op is one of the Washington area's largest

food co-ops. The Takoma Park Presbyterian Church has been a bulwark of civic activism throughout its history. The TPPC helped to found CASA de Maryland
.

In the late 2000s, regional and national debate occurred over the decision to close

Bethesda Naval Medical Center.[citation needed] Takoma Park Soccer Club is the sponsor of many youth soccer teams in the Takoma Park area; such as the TAPK United, coached by professional Brazilian coach Manilton Santos. A successful team, they have earned the affectionate nickname Tapioca United.[citation needed
]

Government

Takoma Park Community Center

Takoma Park's electorate and its elected officials are known for their liberal and left-of-liberal values, which have led to the enactment of several municipal laws. For instance, Takoma Park allows

government of Burma (Myanmar),[62] though after a U.S. Supreme Court decision struck down a similar Massachusetts law, enforcement of the provision was suspended in the year 2000. As of 2007, the Free Burma Committee is inactive.[63] In 2008, the city unanimously approved a resolution to oppose foie gras.[64] Takoma Park is the only Maryland municipality with a rent control law.[65]

Like a handful of other U.S. municipalities, Takoma Park has declared itself a "

nuclear free zone"; under a 1983 law, contractors working for the city must also sign a notarized document that they are not "knowingly or intentionally" "engaged in the development, research, production, maintenance, storage, transportation and/or disposal of nuclear weapons or their components."[66][67] Waivers have been given in the past, including a 2012 waiver to purchase a library system from Userful Corporation that includes computers made by Hewlett-Packard, a company that has also worked on nuclear weapons programs for the federal government.[68]

Under a local ordinance, Takoma Park residents must obtain a permit or waiver from the City arborist ("urban forest manager") to cut down any tree on their property with a diameter of 7 5/8 inches or greater.[69][70] The minutes of all Takoma Park City Council meetings are available on the Takoma Park City website.[71]

Mayor

(left to right): Ed Sharp (mayor 1990-7), Kate Stewart (mayor 2015-22), Bruce Williams (mayor 2007-15), Kathy Porter (mayor 1997-07) at a dinner party in 2017

Takoma Park is governed by a city council composed of a mayor and council members for each of six wards. The current mayor of Takoma Park (the 24th) is Talisha Searcy (mayor since 2022).[72]

Former mayors of Takoma Park
Number Name Entered office Left office
1 Benjamin Franklin Gilbert 1890 1892
2 Enoch Maris 1892 1894
3 Samuel S. Shedd 1894 1902
4 John B. Kinnear 1902 1906
5 Wilmer G. Platt 1906 1912
6 Stephen W. Williams 1912 1917
7 Wilmer G. Platt 1917 1920
8 James L. Wilmeth 1920 1923
9 Henry Taff 1923 1926
10 Ben G. Davis 1926 1932
11 Frederick L. Lewton 1932 1936
12 John R. Adams 1936 1940
13 Oliver W. Youngblood 1940 1948
14 John C. Post 1948 1950
15 Ross H. Beville 1950 1954
16 George M. Miller 1954 1972
17 John D. Roth 1972 1980
18 Sammie Abbott 1980 1985
19 Stephen J. Del Giudice 1985 1990
20 Edward F. Sharp 1990 1997
21 Kathy Porter 1997 2007
22 Bruce Williams 2007 2015
23 Kate Stewart 2015 2022
24 Talisha Searcy 2022

Voting

In the November 5, 1991, election the voters approved a referendum (1,199 for and 1,107 against) to change the Takoma Park City Charter "to permit residents of Takoma Park who are not U.S. citizens to vote in Takoma Park elections."[73]

In the 2005 election, an advisory referendum to adopt instant-runoff voting (IRV, also called "ranked choice voting") for municipal elections passed with 84% approval. In 2006, the City Council amended the City Charter to incorporate IRV, making Takoma Park one of a small but growing number of municipalities across the nation to adopt IRV (and the first in Maryland to do so).[74][75]

In the 2009 election, Takoma Park used the Scantegrity voting system. This marked the first time an open source voting system was used in a public sector election in the United States, as well as the first time a system with end-to-end verifiability was used.

In 2013, Takoma Park became the first city in the U.S. to allow sixteen- and seventeen-year-olds to vote.[5]

Convicted felons on parole and probation were also given the right to vote in Takoma Park elections in 2013.[5]

In 2017, the Takoma Park City Council changed the City Charter to schedule City elections in even numbered years (called "Election Synchronization") beginning in 2020. The Council elected in 2017 would serve a three-year term.[76]

In 2020, Takoma Park held its first ever vote-by-mail election, with 6549 ballots counted, more than 2 1/2 times the number of votes in the 2015 and 2017 elections.[77]

Federal government

The United States Postal Service operates the Takoma Park Post Office,[78] as well as the Langley Park Post Office; the latter has a Hyattsville, Maryland postal address.[79][80][81]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

Public schools

The city is served by the Montgomery County Public Schools.

Elementary schools that serve the city include:[82]

  • Piney Branch Elementary School (3–5)
  • Rolling Terrace Elementary School (PK–5)
  • Sligo Creek Elementary School (K–5)
  • Takoma Park Elementary School (PK–2)

Most Takoma Park residents are zoned to Takoma Park ES and Piney Branch. Sligo Creek Elementary School has new boundaries that no longer include students living in Takoma Park. SCES has a French Immersion program open to all Montgomery County families via lottery. [citation needed]

Middle schools that serve the city include:

  • Silver Spring International Middle School
  • Takoma Park Middle School, (most Takoma Park residents are zoned to Takoma Park MS)

All of the city is served by

Northwood, Einstein, and Wheaton
.

Prior to the mid-1990s sections of the Takoma Park census-designated place were zoned to Prince George's County Public Schools (PGCPS). These sections are now designated as being in the Chillum CDP index map.[83] PG County Takoma Park CDP is shown on pages 7 [84] and 12.[85] From 1950 to 1964, during the era of legally-required racial segregation of schools, black students from the PG County section of Takoma Park attended Fairmont Heights High School, then near Fairmount Heights.[86]

Private

Colleges and universities

Washington Adventist University

Police

Takoma Park is chartered with its own police force, public works department, housing department, library, and recreation department. It has also historically maintained its own Volunteer Fire Department and Municipal Library. Until 2007, the city operated a Tool Library as well, and continues to operate its own compost recycling program and silo for corn-burning stoves. Takoma Park is densely developed with narrow houses on deep lots, often featuring mid-block developments and a mix of apartments and homes which are no longer permitted under regional suburban zoning laws, under which many apartments were de-zoned in 1989.

Transportation

Roads and highways

MD 650 southbound in Takoma Park

Several state highways serve Takoma Park. The largest of these is Maryland Route 650 (New Hampshire Avenue), which is the only six-lane thoroughfare running within city limits. New Hampshire Avenue continues into central Washington, D.C. and primarily serves through-traffic to the east of the city. Maryland Route 193 (University Boulevard) serves as the major suburban shopping strip, skirting the city on its northeast edge. Other state highways serving Takoma Park include Maryland Route 410, Maryland Route 320 and Maryland Route 195, all of which serve as local connectors to neighboring areas.

Public transportation

Being part of Montgomery County, Takoma Park is served by both the Ride On bus system, and by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, which provides bus and rail service to the Maryland and Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C.

The Takoma

Metrorail station, also a Ride On and Metrobus hub, sits in the heart of the Old Takoma Main Street
, in Washington, D.C., two blocks from the Maryland line.

The Takoma Langley Crossroads Transit Center is situated just outside the city border, at the intersection of University Boulevard and New Hampshire Avenue, also a location for a future Purple Line station.

The 9-mile (14 km) Sligo Creek Trail is used for recreation by bicyclists and pedestrians, and much of the roadway segment within the City of Takoma Park is closed to motor vehicles Fridays through Sundays. The Takoma Park segment of the Metropolitan Branch Trail, a rail trail that parallels the Red Line, is complete. Trail-building is planned to connect that segment with the completed portion that runs south to Washington Union Station and to planned segments running north to Silver Spring, Maryland with a connection to the 12-mile (19 km) Capital Crescent Trail.

Notable people

In popular culture

See also

References

  1. ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 26, 2022.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Takoma Park, Maryland
  3. ^ "Takoma Park MD ZIP Code". zipdatamaps.com. 2023. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
  4. ^ a b "QuickFacts: Takoma Park city". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d e Powers, Lindsay A. (May 14, 2013). "Takoma Park grants 16-year-olds right to vote". The Washington Post. During its Monday meeting, the Takoma Park City Council passed a series of city charter amendments regarding its voting and election laws, including one allowing 16- and 17-year-olds to vote in city elections. ... With Monday's vote, Takoma Park became the first city in the United States to lower its voting age — which was previously 18 — to 16.
  6. ^ Bennett, Rebecca (January 6, 2015). "Council lowers Hyattsville voting age to 16 years old". Hyattsville Life & Times. Archived from the original on March 7, 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Proctor, John Clagett (1949). Proctor's Washington and Environs. John Clagett Proctor, LL.D.
  8. OCLC 11274182.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
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  10. ^ Kohn, Diana (November 2008). "Takoma Park at 125" (PDF). Takoma Voice. pp. 14–15. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 2, 2014. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  11. ^ a b c d "The History of Takoma Park". Washington Evening Star. June 15, 1889. p. 11.
  12. ^ a b c d "Along the Railroads". Washington Evening Star. August 22, 1885. p. 2.
  13. ^
    ProQuest 535089946
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  14. ^ "Improvements along the Metropolitan Branch". Washington Evening Star. February 9, 1889. p. 6.
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  17. ^ "The Takoma Park Election". Washington Evening Star. May 6, 1890. p. 8.
  18. ^
    ISBN 1-892724-05-7
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  19. ^ Baist, G. William (1903). Baist's Real Estate Atlas Surveys of Washington, D.C., Volume 3, Plate 24.
  20. ^
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  25. ^ Hyer, Marjorie (August 29, 1981). "Seventh-Day Adventists Reeling From Financial, Theological Crises". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
  26. ^ Jordan, Jamila (December 17, 2015). "The Roads Not Traveled: D.C. Pushes Back Against Freeway Plans". Boundary Stones. WETA.
  27. ^ "Takoma Park Votes to Impeach President Bush". DCist.com. Archived from the original on March 20, 2012. Commonly referred to as 'The People's Republic of Takoma Park' or 'The Berkeley of the East'
  28. ^ "Takoma Park and Democracy". The New York Times. November 5, 1985. Archived from the original on December 21, 2015.
  29. ^ Lefrak, Mikaela (April 24, 2019). "How Takoma Park Became 'The Berkeley Of The East'". WHAT'S WITH WASHINGTON. WAMU - FM. Retrieved April 24, 2019.
  30. ^ "Results of Past Elections | City of Takoma Park".
  31. ^ Montgomery, David (November 8, 1995). "In a Montgomery State of Mind, Takoma Park Votes to Unify". Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 26, 2019.
  32. ^ "Substantial Changes to Counties and County Equivalent Entities: 1970-Present". Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 6, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  33. ^ "10-year retrospective on Unification" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
  34. ^ "QuickFacts, Takoma Park city, Maryland".
  35. ^ "Safe Grow Act of 2013" (PDF). August 12, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  36. ^ "Safe Grow". Retrieved May 4, 2021.
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External links

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