Tom Perez
Tom Perez | |
---|---|
Montgomery County Council from the 5th district | |
In office December 10, 2002 – December 10, 2006[1] | |
Preceded by | Donell Peterman |
Succeeded by | Valerie Ervin |
Personal details | |
Born | Thomas Edward Perez October 7, 1961 Buffalo, New York, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | Ann Staudenmaier |
Children | 3 |
Residence(s) | Takoma Park, Maryland, U.S. |
Education | Brown University (AB) Harvard University (JD, MPP) |
Signature | |
Thomas Edward Perez (born October 7, 1961) is an American politician and attorney currently serving as
Born in
In October 2009, Perez was nominated by President Barack Obama and confirmed by the United States Senate as assistant attorney general. In 2013, Perez was nominated by President Obama and confirmed by the United States Senate to be the United States Secretary of Labor.
After the
Early life and education
Thomas Edward Perez was born and raised in
His father, who earned U.S. citizenship after enlisting in the
His mother, Grace, came to the United States in 1930 after her father,
Perez is the youngest of five brothers and sisters, all of whom but Perez followed their father in becoming physicians.
Perez received his
In 1987, Perez received a
In 1986, while a student at Harvard, Perez worked as a
Early career
After graduating from Harvard, Perez worked as a law clerk for Judge
From 1989 to 1995, he worked as a federal prosecutor in the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division.[21] He later served as Deputy Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights under Attorney General Janet Reno.[22] Perez chaired the interagency Worker Exploitation Task Force, which oversaw a variety of initiatives designed to protect workers.[23]
From 1995 to 1998, Perez worked as Democratic Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy's principal adviser on civil rights, criminal justice, and constitutional issues.[24] During the final two years of the second Clinton administration, he worked as the director of the Office for Civil Rights at the United States Department of Health and Human Services.[25]
From 2001 to 2007, Perez was a professor at the
Montgomery County Council
In 2002, Perez ran for the
Perez was on the council from 2002 to 2006.[31] During that time, he served on the committees for Health and Human Services, and Transportation and the Environment.[32] He also served as council president from 2004 to 2005.[33] With council member Mike Subin, Perez pushed for legislation on predatory lending.[34] The law allowed the county's Commission on Human Rights to investigate and prosecute loan brokers and third-party lenders engaging in predatory lending, raised the cap on compensation for victims, and required the commission to release an annual report on discriminatory and subprime lending in the county.[35]
Perez opposed the privatization of the non-profit health insurer
In 2004, Perez, and fellow council member Marilyn Praisner introduced an initiative to provide affordable prescription drugs for county employees and retirees,[39] setting up a voluntary program to import high-quality, lower priced prescription drugs from suppliers in Canada approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).[40] The initiative was overwhelmingly passed by the council, though Montgomery County was denied a waiver by the FDA through the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act,[41] leading to a lawsuit by Montgomery County against Health and Human Services Secretary Michael Leavitt, where the U.S. District Court for Maryland granted the FDA the right to dismiss.[42]
Maryland Attorney General campaign
After speculation arose that 20-year incumbent
Perez's main challengers were
During the campaign, questions were raised over whether Perez was permitted to run under Maryland's State Constitution, due to a requirement that candidates for attorney general must have at least 10 years of previous experience practicing law in Maryland; It wasn't until 2001 that Perez had become a member of the Maryland State Bar Association.[47] The lawsuit was filed by Stephen N. Abrams, a member of the Montgomery County Board of Education and the 2006 Republican candidate for Comptroller of Maryland.[48]
Abrams argued that it was "absolutely wrong to say that Perez met the 10-year requirement", after he was cleared by the Maryland State Board of Elections, and received legal advice from Attorney General Curran, who opined that Perez's time as a federal prosecutor in Maryland seemingly met the requirement.
Maryland Secretary of Labor
In January 2007, newly elected Governor Martin O'Malley selected Perez to run the
In that role, Perez led efforts to target Maryland companies who were engaging in workplace fraud, imposing new restrictions on the employee misclassification as independent contractors.[54] He helped with the implementation of H.R. 1590, the Workplace Fraud Act of 2009, imposing penalties for employers who falsely classified their employees as independent contractors, actions involving tax evasion by the employers as well as the denial of worker protections and health insurance benefits to employees.[55] In May 2009, Governor O'Malley signed the act into law, with Perez saying that the act would "ensure that employers who attempt to cheat the system, their workers and their competitors, will pay a steep price for their actions".[56]
In 2004, then-Governor
Perez was a top adviser to O'Malley on Maryland's healthcare workforce shortage.[60] Perez helped develop a plan relieving the chronic shortage of nurses in Maryland, allowing immigrants who have nursing qualifications in their home countries to have their certifications count towards becoming a registered nurse in the state.[61]
Perez served as co-chair of the Maryland Workforce Creation and Adult Education Transition Council, alongside Maryland State Superintendent of Schools
During his first term as governor, O'Malley pushed proposals to expand
Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights
On March 31, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated Perez to be Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of Justice.[72] The Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on Perez's nomination on April 29, 2009, and on June 4, 2009, the committee voted 17–2 to send Perez's nomination to the full Senate.[73] Perez's nomination then did not move forward for several months, amid questions by Republican senators about his record on immigration matters and a controversy over the Obama Justice Department's dismissal of a voter intimidation case against the militant New Black Panther Party.[74] Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) characterized the opposition as foot-dragging and "posturing for narrow special interests".[75] On October 6, 2009, the full United States Senate confirmed Perez in a bipartisan 72–22 vote.[76] Only two senators spoke out against the nomination: Tom Coburn (R-OK) and David Vitter (R-LA).[75]
Perez revamped Justice Department efforts in pursuing federal settlements and consent agreements under the
Perez oversaw the division responsible for the implementation, and training of local enforcement in response to the passage of the
Student discrimination
In 2009, the Civil Rights Division under Perez's tenure filed suit against a Herkimer County, New York school for "alleged violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972".[83] The plaintiff, a 14-year-old high school student from Mohawk, New York, who "dyes his hair, and wears make-up and nail polish",[84] was reportedly subjected to verbal sex-based harassment and was "threatened, intimidated, and physically assaulted based on his non-masculine expression".[84]
In J.L. v Mohawk Central School District, the settlement required the school district to begin "training staff in appropriate ways to address harassment", to "review its policies and procedures governing harassment" and "report to the New York Civil Liberties Union (which previously represented the student in the lawsuit), as well as the Department of Justice, on these efforts as well as its ongoing response".[85] This was the first time since the Clinton administration that Title IX was applied to gender identity discrimination.[86]
The Civil Rights Division reached a settlement [when?] with the Anoka-Hennepin School District in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area, after the district school board voted to repeal its policy prohibiting teachers from mentioning homosexuality in the classroom.[87] Students who brought the lawsuit accused the district of creating a "hostile, anti-gay environment" and not doing enough to protect LGBT students.[88] Perez praised the school board's decision, saying that the settlement is a "comprehensive blueprint for sustainable reform that will enhance the district's policies, training and other efforts to ensure that every student is free from sex-based harassment".[89]
After a "comprehensive investigation" [
The Justice Department determined that a pattern existed of Mississippi authorities' failing to assess probable cause that unlawful offenses against the students had been committed, and that students were held in jail without the benefit of a hearing, a lawyer or Miranda rights;[90] with Perez claiming that "the systematic disregard for children's basic constitutional rights by agencies with a duty to protect and serve these children betrays the public trust".[93]
Police discrimination
After the
After homeless Native American woodcarver John T. Williams was fatally shot by the
- Maricopa County, Arizona investigation
In June 2008, the Civil Rights Division opened an investigation into the Maricopa County Sheriff's Office (MCSO) and Sheriff Joe Arpaio, following allegations that the MCSO was engaged in a pattern of practice of unlawful conduct.[100]
An expanded investigation leading into Perez's tenure over "discriminatory police practices and unconstitutional searches and seizures",[101] led to a lawsuit by the Justice Department after Arpaio rejected the department's request for documents regarding the investigation; this was the first time that the federal government sued a local law enforcement agency concerning Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 since the 1970s.[102][103]
Perez released a 22-page report[100] on discriminatory and racial biases against Latinos by the MCSO and Arpaio.[104] The report found that the MCSO mistreated and used racial slurs against Spanish-speaking inmates; Latino drivers were four to nine times more likely than non-Latino drivers to be stopped in identical non-criminal instances; 20% of stops and seizures, almost all of them involving Latinos, were legally unjustified, violating the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution; and the MCSO and sheriff's deputies engaged in retaliation against individuals who participated in demonstrations against the office's policies regarding immigration.[100] Arpaio was also found to have used racial and ethnic description, such as "individuals with dark skin" and "individuals speaking Spanish" as justification for immigration raids on businesses and homes, while overlooking criminal activity, as vindication for immigration raids led by the MCSO.[105]
In May 2012, after the end of a three-year investigation, Perez led his division in a lawsuit against
Voting rights
Voter ID laws
The Obama administration directed Perez and the Civil Rights Division in challenging
Perez also oversaw the Obama administration's efforts in challenging a 2011 voter ID law signed by Texas Governor Rick Perry, the second voter ID law consequently found to have violated Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act.[112] Addressing the Supreme Court case Crawford v. Marion County Election Board, where the court upheld the constitutionality of Indiana's photo ID requirement, Perez argued that "[Texas's] submission did not include evidence of significant in-person voter impersonation not already addressed by the state's existing laws".[113] Perez also stressed data from the Texas Department of Public Safety that found that registered Hispanic voters were 46.5% to 120% less likely than non-Hispanic voters to have a government issued driver's license or state required photo ID.[114][115][116]
New Black Panther Party case
On May 14, 2010, Perez testified to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights that political leadership was not involved in the decision to dismiss three of the four defendants in the NBPP case. However, on March 12, 2013, the Department of Justice Inspector General released a report stating that Perez's testimony did not reflect the entire story, as AAG Perelli and DAAG Sam Hirsch were involved in consultations on the case. However, the Inspector General found that Perez did not know about these consultations at the time of his testimony, and therefore he did not intentionally mislead the commission. However, because of his role as a Department witness, the Inspector General believed that Perez should have inquired further on this issue before testifying.[117]
In the same report, the Inspector General found that the Civil Rights Division exhibited a clear priority in enforcing the motor-voter provisions of the NVRA over the list-maintenance provisions. However, the Inspector General did not find sufficient evidence to conclude that these differences in enforcement were for political reasons.[117] In particular, they found that Perez sent letters about list-maintenance enforcement in December 2010, so as not to be viewed as interfering with the 2010 elections.[117] However, this letter provided no guidance on how states were to enforce list-maintenance procedures, instead leaving it up to the states.[118] Overall, the report stated that: "The conduct that we discovered and document in this report reflects a disappointing lack of professionalism by some Department employees over an extended period of time, during two administrations, and across various facets of the Voting Section's operations."[117]
Secretary of Labor
Nomination and confirmation
On March 18, 2013, President Barack Obama nominated Perez to be
Before holding a hearing on the nomination, Republican members of the
At his confirmation hearing on April 18, 2013,[133] Perez was questioned about his role in Magner v. Gallagher and the NBPP case as well as the Obama administration's plan to raise the minimum wage from $7.25 to $9 an hour.[134]
The confirmation vote was delayed to May 8 to give Senate Democrats more time to review Perez's role in Magner v. Gallagher,
As Senate Democrats pushed in July 2013 to eliminate the filibuster for all executive-branch nominees, senators struck a deal for a Senate vote on Perez's nomination. On July 17, 2013, the Senate voted 60–40 for cloture on Perez's nomination, ending the filibuster.[139] On July 18, 2013, the Senate voted 54–46 to confirm Perez as Secretary of Labor.[140] It was the first Senate confirmation vote in history in which a cabinet member's confirmation received a party-line vote, something many press observers termed "historic".[141]
Actions
Perez began his tenure by holding several meetings seeking to implement the Fiduciary Rule.[142] The Fiduciary Rule imposes a fiduciary level standard of care on retirement advisors forbidding them from receiving any commissions that create a conflict of interest.[143]
The rule was originally drafted in 2010 but had not been implemented after over 200 members of Congress sent letters urging the rule be withdrawn.[142] Secretary Perez met with stakeholders during new rulemaking and then held a conference at the Center for American Progress, where he announced he was implementing the Fiduciary Rule on April 6, 2016.[142] Congress passed legislation overturning the Fiduciary Rule, but it was vetoed by President Obama on June 9, 2016.[144]
In May 2016, following several days of negotiations,[145] Verizon and striking labor union workers reached contract agreements at the Department of Labor headquarters in Washington, D.C.
Secretary Perez issued the Home Care Rule, requiring that
Perez regularly made 'house calls' or onsite trips[149] to obtain personal feedback and listen to workers who shared stories of their experiences. The Department of Labor launched a Veterans employment website to assist veterans with locating and utilizing employment resources.[150]
Secretary Perez used the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 as authority to issue the Persuader Rule, which required an employer's attorney to publicly disclose advice given to persuade against unionization.[151]
Before the rule took effect on July 1, 2016, the National Federation of Independent Business sued. On June 26, U.S. District Judge Samuel Ray Cummings issued a nationwide injunction blocking the Persuader Rule, finding it was not authorized by the Act, and that it violated the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.[152] On August 25, Perez implemented the President's Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces executive order.[153] On October 4, U.S. District Judge Marcia A. Crone issued a nationwide injunction blocking the rule.[154] Crone found the Constitution's Due Process Clause forbids the president from requiring federal contractors to disclose mere allegations that the contractor had violated labor laws.[154]
Perez issued a regulation attempting to double the maximum salary where overtime is required, effective December 1.
During the
Perez claimed that questions by the Donald Trump Presidential Transition team sent to the State and Energy Departments were illegal, but he said he was not aware of any similar 'blanket' probes having been sent to the Labor Department.[158]
Chair of the Democratic National Committee
Perez announced his candidacy for Chair of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) on December 15, 2016.[159] Perez gave the keynote speech for the Maryland Democratic Party annual legislative luncheon on January 10, 2017, in Annapolis.[160] Perez promised not to take money from federal lobbyists, foreign nationals, or current Labor Department employees.[161] His candidacy was endorsed by former Vice President Joe Biden and other Obama administration officials.[162]
On February 25, 2017, Perez was elected DNC chair.[163][164] Perez won on the second ballot with 235 votes, beating nearest rival Representative Keith Ellison who earned 200 votes.[163] Perez was the first Latino DNC chair.[165] After winning the election, Perez's immediate response was to make a motion to suspend the rules and recreate the (largely ceremonial) role of deputy chair, and to install Ellison into the office.[166] Perez is the first Dominican-American to chair the Democratic National Committee.[167] He undertook a Unity Tour in 2017 with U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders to promote the DNC.[168][169]
Following the
In November 2020, Perez was reported to be a potential contender for
Perez declined to run for reelection as DNC Chair in 2021, and Jaime Harrison was elected to succeed him on January 21, 2021.[175][176]
2022 Maryland gubernatorial campaign
On June 23, 2021, Perez announced that he would be a candidate for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Maryland in the 2022 Maryland gubernatorial election.[177] His running mate was Shannon Sneed, a former member of the Baltimore City Council.[178] If elected, he would have become Maryland's first Latino governor.[179]
Many labor groups issued early endorsements of Perez, including the
Perez received endorsements from various members of Congress, including members of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus[184] and Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi.[185]
On July 14, 2022, Perez's campaign announced that its workers had unionized with Campaign Workers Guild.[186]
On July 19, 2022, Perez lost the primary, placing second behind Wes Moore, an author and U.S. Army veteran.[187][188]
Biden White House
On June 12, 2023, President Biden named Perez to serve as senior advisor to the president and director of the White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs.[189] During the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse in March 2024, Perez was involved in press briefings in the immediate aftermath of the event.[190]
Personal life
Perez owns a home in Takoma Park, Maryland, with his wife, Ann Marie Staudenmaier, an attorney with the Washington Legal Clinic for the Homeless, and their three children.[191][192]
Perez is Catholic, and recalls that his parents told him, "In order to get to heaven, you have to have letters of reference from poor people."[193]
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Honorary degrees
In 2014, Perez received an honorary Doctorate of Laws from
References
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- ^ "Tom Perez". Institute of Politics and Public Service. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
- ^ "Author Wes Moore wins Democratic race for Maryland governor". AP NEWS. July 23, 2022. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ "DANR President Attends Installation Ceremony of Thomas E. Perez as US Assistant Attorney General". Dominican American National Roundtable. November 14, 2009. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014.
- ^ a b "HEARINGS before the COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION (APRIL 29, MAY 12, JUNE 24, 2009)". June 24, 2009.
- ^ Cameron W. Barr (April 3, 2005). "Council Chief Builds a Base In the New Montgomery". washingtonpost.com.
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- ^ a b Noel Barton (January 3, 2003). "Sternbach picked to take over GRP". gazette.net. Maryland Community News Online.
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- ^ Lucy Madison (March 18, 2013). "Obama taps Thomas Perez as labor secretary". cbsnews.com.
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- ^ "Montgomery County Council From the Offices of Council member Tom Perez and Mike Subin Perez and Subin Push to End Predatory Lending Council members Support Expanding County's Fair Housing Law" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. October 24, 2004.
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- ^ "BBB BUSINESS REVIEW THIS BUSINESS IS NOT BBB ACCREDITED CareFirst, Inc". Better Business Bureau. March 19, 2013.
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- ^ "Montgomery County Council From the Office of Councilmembers Tom Perez & Marilyn Praisner PEREZ, PRAISNER TO ANNOUNCE NEW PUSH ON AFFORDABLE PRESCRIPTION DRUGS" (PDF). montgomerycountymd.gov. July 22, 2004.
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External links
- Campaign website Archived January 6, 2022, at the Wayback Machine
- About Secretary Thomas Perez at the United States Department of Labor
- Appearances on C-SPAN