Titan Saturn System Mission

Titan Saturn System Mission

ESA
Website	sci.esa.int
Mission duration	2 years (proposed)[1]
Spacecraft properties
Launch mass	Orbiter: 1,613 kg (3,556 lb)
Landing mass	Montgolfière:600 kg (1,300 lb) Lander: 190 kg (420 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date	Proposed: Between 2020 and 2029
Rocket	Delta IV Heavy, Space Launch System[2] Block IB, or Atlas V
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Titan Orbit
Semi-major axis	1,500 km (930 mi)
Inclination	85°
Period	~4.8 h
Epoch	Proposed
Titan orbiter
Orbital insertion	Between 2029-2038 (proposed)
Titan atmospheric probe
Spacecraft component	TSSM montgolfière
Titan lander
Spacecraft component	Titan Mare Explorer or other TSSM lander proposal
Landing site	Ligeia Mare

Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) was a joint

.

In 2009, a

although TSSM will continue to be assessed for possible development and launch.

Origin and status

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The Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM) was officially created in January 2009 by the merging of the ESA's Titan and Enceladus Mission (TandEM) with NASA's Titan Explorer (2007) study,

(TiME) with the potential of becoming a part of the TSSM have been proposed in February and October 2009, respectively.

In 2014 it was thought the TSSM might have been revived for a launch on the SLS super-heavy-lift rocket.[2]

The TSSM mission consists of an

seas.

Both probes’ data are to be relayed to a Titan orbiter. They will be equipped to study Titan's features with instruments for imaging, radar profiling, and surface as well as atmospheric sampling, much more complete than done by the Cassini–Huygens mission.

The spacecraft will use several gravity assist flybys of other planets to enable it to reach Saturn. The baseline design envisaged a September 2020 launch, followed by four gravity assists (Earth–Venus–Earth–Earth), and arrival at Saturn 9 years later in October 2029. This is one of several available Earth-to-Saturn transfer options from the year 2018 through 2022. Current NASA plans do not give the TSSM a priority, however, and it is unlikely any of the proposed launch dates can be met.

Upon Saturn arrival, in October 2029, the orbiter's chemical propulsion system would place the flight system into orbit around Saturn, followed by a two-year Saturn Tour Phase, characterized by the deployment of the in situ elements, and including a minimum of seven close Enceladus flybys and 16 Titan flybys. During this period, repeated satellite

plumes at the moon's south pole.

The Montgolfière, a hot air balloon, would be released on approach to the first Titan flyby for ballistic entry into Titan's atmosphere for its six Earth months’ mission from April 2030 to October 2030. Based on Cassini–Huygens discoveries, the Montgolfière should be able to circumnavigate Titan at least once during its nominal lifetime at its deployment latitude of about 20°N, 10 kilometers above Titan's surface.

Numerous proposals have been brought forward with respect to the lake-lander concept. One of the most detailed plans so far is the so-called

of 2005. During the 6 hours of descent it will analyze the atmosphere and then splashdown on the liquid surface. The plutonium-powered craft's principal function is to sample and analyze organics on the surface for a period of about 3 to 6 months; this would be the first floating exploration of an extraterrestrial sea. In addition to the primary mission, TiME could be equipped with a suite of advanced instruments to study the chemical composition and physical properties of Titan's lakes. This includes a spectrometer to analyze the liquid hydrocarbons, a sonar to map the lakebed, and a weather station to monitor Titan's unique meteorological conditions. Furthermore, mission planners are considering the inclusion of a submersible probe that could be deployed from TiME to explore beneath the surface of Ligeia Mare, providing unprecedented insights into the potential for prebiotic chemistry in Titan's seas. These enhancements would not only expand our understanding of Titan but could also offer clues to the broader question of life's origins in the universe.

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The major goals of the TSSM mission can be summarized under four categories:

• Explore Titan as a system
• Study Titan's organic inventory and astrobiological potential
• Constrain Titan's origin and evolution models
• Recover information on Enceladus and Saturn's magnetosphere

At Titan, the science goals would be to provide information on such aspects as the composition of the surface and the geographic distribution of the various organic constituents; on the

and of a sub-surface ocean; on the chemistry that drives complex ion formation in the upper atmosphere; and on a large altitude range in the atmosphere, from 400–900 km, which remains poorly explored after Cassini. In addition, much remains to be understood about seasonal changes of the atmosphere at all levels, and the long-term escape of constituents to space.

. Moreover, an interior ocean discovered by Cassini, deep underneath Titan's dense atmosphere and surface is thought to be largely composed of liquid water. TSSM would be the first mission in the 50 years of space exploration where an extensive and interdisciplinary in situ survey of active organic chemistry and climate on the land, on the sea, and in the air of another world will take place.

See also

• Kronos (spacecraft)
• Dragonfly (Titan space probe)

External links

• Joint NASA/ESA report on the TandEM/TSSM mission
• TSSM official site
• TandEM official site
• Cassini/Huygens Mission – NASA
• NASA podcast on the TSSM