Twickenham
Twickenham | |
---|---|
2011 Census)[nb 1] | |
• Density | 5,028/km2 (13,020/sq mi) |
OS grid reference | TQ1673 |
• Charing Cross | 9.9 mi (15.9 km) NE |
London borough | |
Ceremonial county | Greater London |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | TWICKENHAM |
Postcode district | TW1, TW2 |
Dialling code | 020 |
Police | Metropolitan |
Fire | London |
Ambulance | London |
UK Parliament | |
London Assembly | |
Twickenham is a suburban district in London, England. It is situated on the River Thames 9.9 miles (15.9 km) southwest of Charing Cross. Historically part of Middlesex, it has formed part of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames since 1965, and the borough council's administrative headquarters are located in the area.
The population, including St Margarets and Whitton, was 62,148 at the 2011 census.[1]
Twickenham is the home of the Rugby Football Union, with hundreds of thousands of spectators visiting Twickenham Stadium each year. The historic riverside area has a network of 18th-century buildings and pleasure grounds, many of which have survived intact.[2]
This area has three grand period mansions with public access:
History
Pre-Norman
Excavations have revealed settlements in the area dating from the Early
Norman
In
17th century
Bubonic plague spread to the town in 1665 and 67 deaths were recorded. It appears that Twickenham had a pest house in the 17th century, although the location is not known.
There was also a watch house in the middle of the town, with stocks, a pillory and a whipping post whose owner was charged to "ward within and about this Parish and to keep all Beggars and Vagabonds that shall lye abide or lurk about the Towne and to give correction to such...".
In 1633 construction began on York House. It was occupied by Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester in 1656 and later by Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon.[6]
1659 saw the first mention of the
...Complaining that there is lately fixed near the Shore of Twickenham on the River Thames a Vessell made like a Barge and called the Folly wherein divers[e] loose and disorderly persons are frequently entertained who have behaved in a very indecent Manner and do frequently afront divers[e] persons of Fashion and Distinction who often in an Evening Walk near that place, and desired so great a Nuisance might be removed,....
18th and 19th centuries
In 1713 the
In 1736, the noted pharmacist and
In 1772 three mills blew up, shattering glass and buildings in the neighbourhood.
The powder mills remained in operation until 1927 when they were closed. Much of the site is now occupied by Crane Park, in which the old Shot Tower, mill sluices and blast embankments can still be seen. Much of the area along the river next to the Shot Tower is now a nature reserve.
The 1818 Enclosure Award led to the development of 182 acres (0.74 km2) of land to the west of the town centre largely between the present day Staines and Hampton Roads, where new roads – Workhouse Road, Middle Road, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Common Roads (now First to Fifth Cross Roads respectively) – were laid out.[9] During the 18th and 19th centuries, a number of fine houses were built and Twickenham became a popular place of residence for people of "fashion and distinction". Further development was stimulated by the opening of Twickenham station in 1848.
In 1898 some buildings on London Road, near the east end of King Street, were demolished, and a new road was built, in order to relieve congestion on the older Church Street. This new road was named York Street and opened on 1 March 1899.[10]
20th and 21st centuries
Electricity was introduced to Twickenham in 1902[11] and the first trams arrived the following year.
In 1939, when
There was a high-profile murder on 19 August 2004, when French woman
Governance
From 1888 the area was administered jointly between the newly formed
In 1965 Middlesex County Council was abolished and replaced with the Greater London Council, and the boroughs of Twickenham, Richmond and Barnes were combined to form the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. In 1986 the Greater London Council was abolished and most powers devolved to local boroughs and others to the Government and joint boards. In 2000 the Greater London Authority was set up and two-tier administration returned, but with the top tier having a much more limited strategic role.
The borough council offices and chamber are located at York House, Twickenham and in the adjacent civic centre.[17][18]
The Twickenham constituency in the UK Parliament includes the towns of Twickenham, St Margarets, Whitton, Teddington, Hampton, Fulwell, Hampton Hill and Hampton Wick. Since the 2019 UK General Election, the Member of Parliament (MP) has been a Liberal Democrat, Munira Wilson.
Economy
As Twickenham is a London suburb, many local residents commute to central London or work locally in retail, hospitality, education or for one of the many professional firms based in the area. London Heathrow Airport is important to the local economy both through direct employment and the cluster of international firms that have their European headquarters in the Thames Valley area. Unemployment in the area is very low, however there is a big difference in the salaries earned by residents who work inside the borough, compared to those whose employment is based outside.
The council has been making efforts to regenerate Twickenham town centre which has been struggling due to strong competition from Hounslow, Richmond and Kingston upon Thames. It differs from most town centres as it has fewer retail shops, particularly chain stores, and more cafes, restaurants, banks and estate agents.[19] There has been a comprehensive scheme of town centre improvements including repaving in Yorkstone, a new arts centre, and improved gardens and riverside walk. However, plans to build a barge house for Gloriana at Orleans Gardens[20] and to move the youth centre out of Heatham House so the building could be converted into a hotel proved controversial and were dropped.
Population and housing
Data for 1891–1961 is available for the
Year | 1901 | 1911 | 1921 | 1931 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 20,991 | 29,367 | 34,790 | 39,906 |
Ward | Detached | Semi-detached | Terraced | Flats and apartments | Caravans/temporary/mobile homes/houseboats | Shared between households[22] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Twickenham | 254 | 987 | 1,459 | 1,302 | 32 | 13 |
St Margarets and North Twickenham | 431 | 1,092 | 1,193 | 1,843 | 23 | 17 |
Twickenham Riverside | 221 | 694 | 1,008 | 2,866 | 28 | 36 |
West Twickenham | 148 | 1,300 | 1,770 | 1,052 | 0 | 10 |
Ward | Population | Households | % Owned outright | % Owned with a loan | Hectares[22] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
South Twickenham | 9,987 | 4,599 | 30 | 41 | 167 |
St Margarets and North Twickenham | 11,172 | 4,616 | 28 | 40 | 197 |
Twickenham Riverside | 10,396 | 4,280 | 25 | 32 | 175 |
West Twickenham | 10,528 | 3,814 | 28 | 44 | 246 |
In terms of ethnicity (as of 2011 census), the majority of people in all four wards identified themselves as White British, ranging between 71% of the population in Twickenham Riverside to 78% in South Twickenham.[23][24] The next largest ethnic groups in all four wards were Other White, White Irish and Indian.[25][26]
Geography
Twickenham is bounded by the River Thames on the south and the land is relatively flat though it does rise gently to the west as it approaches Whitton. The land is fertile and was home to numerous market gardens before housing became the predominant land use with the coming on the railways in the mid nineteenth century.
The town is bordered on the south-eastern side by the River Thames and Eel Pie Island – which is connected to the Twickenham embankment by a narrow footbridge, the first of which was erected in 1957. Before this, access was by means of a hand-operated ferry that was hauled across using a chain on the riverbed. The land adjacent to the river, from Strawberry Hill in the south to Marble Hill Park in the north, is occupied by a mixture of luxury dwellings, formal gardens, public houses and a newly built park and leisure facility.
In the south, in Strawberry Hill, lies
A road just north of the campus is named Pope's Grove, and a local landmark next to the main road is the Alexander Pope Hotel (previously known as Pope's Grotto), a
There are a large number of fine houses in the area, many of them Victorian. The open space known as Radnor Gardens lies opposite Pope's Grotto.
Not far from Pope's Grotto is the Roman Catholic Church of Saint James, which has a memorial window in the form of the Royal Arms of Portugal and memorials to Manuel II, Portugal's last king, who worshipped here and died in nearby Fulwell Park in 1932.
Twickenham proper begins in the vicinity of Pope's Grotto, with generally large period houses to the west, the traditional definition of which is Twickenham Green, and similar housing in the east all the distance to Richmond Bridge typically largest near the Thames. The town centre is not actually in the centre of the town, rather in the south-eastern corner, as Twickenham was built up moving away from the Thames. Whitton lies further to the north and west.
The districts of East Twickenham and St Margarets lie to the north-east of central Twickenham on the west side of
East Twickenham abuts the River Thames at Richmond Bridge and St Margarets has its river frontage immediately to the north. The great estate of Cambridge Park, home of Richard Owen Cambridge, the 18th-century satirical poet, was located here.
Nearest places
Education
Twickenham has a university and several schools in Twickenham including secondary schools, primary schools and kindergartens. Many of these are easily accessible by the local bus network mentioned in the Transport section.
Richmond upon Thames College, a college of further and higher education, is on Egerton Road in Twickenham.
St Mary's University, Twickenham has been located in Twickenham since moving from Hammersmith in 1925.
Transport
Until 1971
Fulwell garage was originally the base for London United Tramways in south Middlesex.[28] The trams were replaced by trolleybuses that started operating from Fulwell garage in the 1930s. The trolleybuses were later replaced by AEC Routemaster buses and Middlesex's last trolleybus terminated here on the night of 8 May 1962, following a commemorative circuit of the Fulwell routes by Middlesex's first trolleybus, No.1 of the A1 class Felthams, known as "Diddlers". This vehicle is preserved in working order.
Originally
Nearest railway stations
The main railway station in the town is Twickenham itself, although St Margarets, Whitton, Fulwell and Strawberry Hill stations are also within the Twickenham post town. Stations in nearby towns (all, except for Richmond and Isleworth, once part of the former Borough of Twickenham) are:
- Hampton railway station
- Hampton Wick railway station
- Isleworth railway station
- Richmond station
- Teddington railway station
Buses
London Buses serving Twickenham are:
Route | Start | End | Operator |
33
|
Fulwell station | Castelnau | London United |
110
|
Hounslow bus station | Hammersmith bus station | London United |
267
|
Fulwell bus garage | Hammersmith bus station | London United |
281 | Hounslow bus station | Tolworth | London United |
290
|
Twickenham | Staines | Transport UK London Bus |
481
|
Kingston | West Middlesex University Hospital | Transport UK London Bus |
490
|
Heathrow Terminal 5 | Richmond | Transport UK London Bus |
H22
|
Hounslow | West Middlesex University Hospital | London United |
R68
|
Kew Retail Park | Hampton Court
|
Transport UK London Bus |
R70
|
Hampton | Richmond | Transport UK London Bus |
N22
|
Oxford Circus | Fulwell | London General |
N33
|
Fulwell station | Hammersmith bus station | London United |
All above routes serve King Street in the town centre apart from the 110 and the 481. The 481 runs through western Twickenham and the 110 runs through northern Twickenham. The N22 and the N33 only operate at night (00:00–05:00).
Sport
Twickenham is home to the headquarters of the Rugby Football Union and Twickenham Stadium. The England national rugby union team play all their home matches at Twickenham Stadium, which is one of England's largest sports stadiums and the world's largest rugby stadium. Harlequins, a rugby union club, play at the Twickenham Stoop.
Twickenham Stadium hosted Rugby World Cup fixtures in 1991, 1999 and 2015, including semi-final matches in 1999 and the final matches in 1991 and 2015.
Arts and culture
The Exchange is a community building, including a 320-seat theatre, opposite Twickenham railway station. It opened in October 2017.[29] The building is owned by Richmond upon Thames Council and is managed by St Mary's University, Twickenham.[30][31]
The Twickenham Museum is a volunteer-run museum[32] opposite St Mary's parish church. It is open every day except Mondays.
The Cabbage Patch pub on London Road has, since 1983, been a regular venue for live music on Sunday nights, organised by TwickFolk.[33][34]
Public art
In 2015, working in partnership with
Places of worship
Name | Denomination/Affiliation | Address | Website | Image |
---|---|---|---|---|
All Hallows |
Church of England | 138 Chertsey Road, Twickenham TW1 1EW | website | |
All Saints | Church of England | Campbell Road, Twickenham TW2 5BY | website | |
Amyand Park Chapel | Reformed Baptist |
174 Amyand Park Road, Twickenham TW1 3HY | website | |
Free Grace Baptist | Grace Baptist | Powdermill Lane, Twickenham TW2 6EJ | website | |
Holy Trinity | Church of England | 1 Vicarage Road, Twickenham TW2 5TS | website | |
St James | Roman Catholic | 61 Pope's Grove, Twickenham TW1 4JZ | website | |
St Mary's |
Church of England | Church Street, Twickenham TW1 3NJ | website | |
St Stephen's | Church of England | Richmond Road, East Twickenham TW1 2PD | website | |
Salvation Army | Salvation Army |
May Road, Twickenham TW2 6QP | website | |
Methodist | Methodist | Queen's Road, Twickenham TW1 4EN | website | |
United Reformed | United Reformed Church | First Cross Road, Twickenham TW2 5QA | website |
People
Living people
- Steve Allen, radio presenter, lives in Twickenham.[37]
- Vineyard Church in Richmond, and used the Vineyard's crypt every Sunday for promotional events.[38]
- Jason Bradbury, children's writer and TV presenter, lives in Twickenham.[39]
- Rob Brydon, comedian, lives in Strawberry Hill.[40]
- Michael Fish, television and radio weather forecaster, lives in Twickenham.[41]
- Oliver Golding, former child actor and current LTA junior tennis player, has lived in Twickenham.[42]
- Keeley Hawes, actress, and Matthew Macfadyen, actor, live in Twickenham.[43]
- Graham Henderson, arts consultant and Chief Executive of the Rimbaud and Verlaine Foundation, lives in Twickenham.[44]
- Roxanna Panufnik, composer and musician, was brought up in the Panufnik family home at Riverside House in Twickenham overlooking the Thames.[45][46]
- Tim Rowett, renowned toy collector and YouTube personality, lives in Twickenham.[47]
- Pete Townshend, guitarist for The Who, who lives at The Wick on Richmond Hill,[48] previously lived at Chapel House, Twickenham, now called 15 Montpelier Row.[49]
Historical figures
- Brothers
- clockwork radio, lived, worked and died on Eel Pie Island, Twickenham.[54]
- Richard Owen Cambridge (1717–1802), poet, lived at Cambridge House, Twickenham.
- Kitty Clive (1711–1785), actress, who retired in 1769 to a villa in Twickenham that had been a gift from her friend Horace Walpole, dying there in 1785. She was buried at St Mary's. At the northeast corner of the church, there is a memorial to her[55] on which a poem praises her generosity.
- Walter de la Mare (1873–1956), poet, lived at South End House in Montpelier Row from 1940 until his death.[56]
- Henry Du Pre Labouchere (1831–1912), Liberal MP and journalist, lived at Pope's Villa, Cross Deep, Twickenham. The site is marked by a blue plaque.[57]
- Katie Edith Gliddon (1883–1967), watercolour artist and militant suffragette, was born in Twickenham.[58]
- William Goode (1907–1986), a colonial administrator and 1st Yang di-Pertuan Negara of Singapore, was born in Twickenham in 1907.[59]
- Ron Greenwood (1921–2006), manager of West Ham United F.C. and the England national football team, lived in Twickenham early in his career.[60]
- Harry Hampton (1870–1922) British Army sergeant who was the Victoria Cross, was born in Crown Terrace, Richmond and died in Twickenham. He is buried in Richmond Old Cemetery.[61]
- The Hon. Nellie Ionides (1883–1962) lived at Riverside House, Twickenham.[62] A collector, connoisseur and philanthropist, she is best known for saving the 18th-century Octagon Room at Orleans House in Twickenham from destruction, and for donating this and also many pieces from her extensive art collection to the local council (now the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames).
- Norman Cyril Jackson (1919–1994), Royal Air Force (RAF) sergeant who earned the Victoria Cross, died in Hampton Hill and is buried in Twickenham Cemetery.[63]
- Harriet Kendall (1857–1933), elocutionist, singer, pianist, poet and composer of ballads, lived at Elsinore, 8 Park Road, East Twickenham.[64]
- St Mary's, Twickenham when its 14th-century nave collapsed in 1713 and he was active in the plans for the church's reconstruction by John James. Kneller's remains were interred in the church.[7][65]
- Batty Langley (1696–1751), garden designer, was the son of a jobbing gardener in Twickenham and was baptised there.[66]
- Titanic sinking; in retirement from 1947 until his death in 1952, he lived at and managed Richmond Slipways in East Twickenham (No. 1, Duck's Walk),[67]which built and maintained motor launches for the river police.
- The future
- King Fulwell Park, Twickenham, following the 5 October 1910 revolution in Portugal. He died in the house in 1932.[70]
- Andrzej Panufnik (1914–1991), Polish-born composer, lived and died in a house on Twickenham Riverside.[71]
- St Mary's, Twickenham under a stone slab engraved simply with the letter P, near a bronze memorial plate.[55]
- Peter Sallis (1921–2017), actor, was born in Twickenham.[74] He was the voice of Wallace in the Wallace and Gromit films.
- James Saunders (1925–2004), playwright, lived in East Twickenham.[75]
- Sir Parsee and a major industrialist in India, who bought York House, Twickenham in 1906 and lived there until 1914, when he returned to India. His widow Navajbai decided to sell the house and its contents in 1924.[76]
- St Mary's, Twickenham in 1852.[79]
- J. M. W. Turner (1775–1851), artist, designed and commissioned the building of Solus Lodge in Sandycoombe Road, on the border of East Twickenham and St Margarets. The house survives as Sandycombe Lodge.[80] The site is marked by a blue plaque.[57]
- St Mary's, Twickenham, where he either rebuilt, or converted and extended, the buildings already there. The sundial on the façade carries the date 1726, possibly the time when the new building was finished. After Twining died in 1741, he was buried at St Mary's, where there is a memorial to him at the north-east corner of the church.[81][55]
- Horace Walpole (1717–1797), art historian, man of letters, antiquarian and politician, built and lived at Strawberry Hill House in Twickenham.[82]
- Paul Whitehead (1710–1774), poet and satirist, secretary to the infamous Hellfire Club, lived at Colne Lodge, Twickenham from about 1755.[83]
See also
- Twickenham Cemetery
- Twickenham Golf Course
- Twickenham Ferry
- Twickenham Museum
Notes
- ^ Twickenham is made up of 6 wards in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames: Heathfield, St Margarets and North Twickenham, South Twickenham, Twickenham Riverside, West Twickenham, and Whitton. "2011 Census Ward Population Estimates". November 2012. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
References
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- ^ a b Cobbett, Richard Stuteley, Memorials of Twickenham: parochial and topographical (Smith, Elder & Co., 1872), p. 402
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- ^ Cashmore, T H R (1977), Twickenham in 1818: The year of the Enclosure, Borough of Twickenham Local History Society Paper 38.
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- ^ Urwin, A C B (1977), The Coming of Electricity to Twickenham, Borough of Twickenham Local History Society Paper 37
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- ^ "Turner's House Twickenham". Turner's House Trust. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
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- ^ "Paul Whitehead". Twickenham Museum. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
Further reading
- Lysons, Daniel (1792), "Twickenham", The Environs of London, vol. 3: County of Middlesex, London: T. Cadell
- Trotter, W E (1849), "Twickenham", Select Illustrated Topography of Thirty Miles Around London, London, OCLC 681272905
- Thorne, James (1876), "Twickenham", Handbook to the Environs of London, London: John Murray
- OCLC 3009761