Kingston upon Thames

Coordinates: 51°24′37″N 0°17′58″W / 51.4103°N 0.2995°W / 51.4103; -0.2995
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Kingston upon Hull.

Kingston upon Thames
picture of a two story building with turrets and balcony. Market stalls in front and in the foreground is two buskers playing guitars.
Statue on a plinth of a woman in classical dress carrying a jug on her shoulder and holding a child's hand. Steps up to the base of the plinth lead to a drinking fountain.
View down a pedestrianised street.
Picture of a road bridge across the river at night, illuminated with blue lights.
Clockwise from top: Kingston Market Square; Church Street; Kingston Bridge at night; Shrubsole Memorial water fountain
Kingston upon Thames is located in Greater London
Kingston upon Thames
Kingston upon Thames
Location within Greater London
Population54,925 (Post town)
168,063 (Borough)[1]
OS grid referenceTQ182693
• Charing Cross10.0 mi (16.1 km) NE
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townKINGSTON UPON THAMES
Postcode districtKT1, KT2
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly
List of places
UK
England
London
51°24′37″N 0°17′58″W / 51.4103°N 0.2995°W / 51.4103; -0.2995

Kingston upon Thames, colloquially known as Kingston, is a town in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, south-west London, England. It is situated on the River Thames, 10 miles (16 km) south-west of Charing Cross. It is an ancient market town, notable as the place where some Saxon kings were crowned.

London boroughs
.

Kingston is identified as a metropolitan centre in the London Plan and is one of the biggest retail centres in the UK,[2] receiving 18 million visitors a year.[3] It is also home to Kingston University.

The Kingston upon Thames post town corresponds to the KT1 and KT2 postcodes. The wider borough also includes the post towns of New Malden and Surbiton, parts of Worcester Park and peripheral parts of several other post towns based outside the borough. The Kingston upon Thames post town roughly corresponds to the six wards of Canbury Gardens, Coombe Hill, Kingston Gate, Kingston Town, Norbiton and Tudor, which had a combined population of 54,925 at the 2021 census, while the borough overall counted 168,063.[1]

Toponymy

Kingston was called Cyninges tun in 838 AD, Chingestune in 1086, Kingeston in 1164, Kyngeston super Tamisiam in 1321 and Kingestowne upon Thames in 1589. The name means 'the king's manor or estate' from the Old English words cyning and tun. It belonged to the king in Saxon times and was the earliest royal borough.[4]

There was historically some variation between authorities as to whether Kingston was 'on' or 'upon' Thames, and whether the name should be hyphenated or not.[5][6] The Post Office initially adopted 'Kingston-on-Thames',[7] the Ordnance Survey used 'Kingston upon Thames',[8] and the old borough council preferred the hyphenated 'Kingston-upon-Thames'.[9] As late as 1959 the borough council was petitioning the other bodies to standardise the name as 'Kingston-upon-Thames'.[10] The London Borough created in 1965 used the form 'Kingston upon Thames' without hyphens, since when that form has been used by the council, Ordnance Survey, and as the post town.[11]

History

Early history

Coronation Stone
in the grounds of the Guildhall

The first surviving record of Kingston is from AD 838 as the site of a meeting between King

Edgar the Peaceful (circa 960) and Edward the Martyr (975). It was later thought that the coronations were conducted in the chapel of St Mary, which collapsed in 1730. Tradition dating to the 18th century holds that a large stone recovered from the ruins played a part in the coronations. It was initially used as a mounting block, but in 1850 it was moved to a more dignified place in the market before finally being moved to its current location in the grounds of the Guildhall.[13][14][15][16]

From Medieval times Shrovetide Football was played annually at Kingston upon Thames and in surrounding towns including Richmond and Twickenham. The windows of the houses and shops were boarded up and from 12 noon the inhabitants would kick several balls around the town before retiring to the public houses.[17] The last game was played in 1866, by which time the urban development of the town meant it caused too much damage and the custom was outlawed.[18]

Local government

A map showing the wards of Kingston-upon-Thames Municipal Borough as they appeared in 1868.

Kingston upon Thames formed an ancient parish in the

East Molesey.[19]

Kingston was a royal manor. It was granted various

King John in 1208. A subsequent charter in 1441 formally incorporated the town as a borough.[20][21]

The borough covered a much smaller area than the ancient parish, although as new parishes were split off the borough and parish eventually became identical in 1894. The borough was reformed to become a municipal borough in 1836 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, becoming the Municipal Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames. It had been long been known as a royal borough through custom; its right to the title was formally confirmed by George V in 1927.[22][23] Kingston upon Thames was the seat of Surrey County Council from 1893, when it moved from Newington to a new headquarters at County Hall. The county council remained based at County Hall until 2020, despite Kingston having been removed from its administrative area in 1965.[24]

Shrovetide Football at Kingston in 1846

In 1965, Greater London was created and the old municipal borough was abolished. Its former area was merged with that of the

Queen Elizabeth II entitling it to continue using the title "Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames" for the new borough.[25]

Urban development

The Hogsmill flowing under Clattern Bridge in Kingston. The bridge is mentioned in 1293 as "Clateryngbrugge"[26]

Kingston was built at the first crossing point of the

£31 10s (£31.50).[27]

In 1730, the chapel containing the royal effigies collapsed, burying the

Edward Lovekyn. It is the only private chantry chapel to survive the Reformation.[28]

With the coming of the railway in the 1830s, there was much building development to the south of the town. Much of this became the new town of Surbiton, but the Surbiton Park estate, built in the grounds of Surbiton Place in the 1850s, remained part of Kingston during the period of the Municipal Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames.

A permanent military presence was established in the borough with the completion of The Barracks in 1875.[29]

Economic development

Kingston evolved as a market town from the Saxon period, with goods transported on the Thames and over land via the crossing point.[30] Rights to hold markets were amongst the liberties granted by the royal charter of 1208 and the market formally established in 1242.[31] A horse fair was held at a site on the downstream side of the river north of the bridge and a market extended from there to around the church by the 17th century and further south towards the course of the Hogsmill River. Goods traded included oats, wheat, rye, malt, apples and other fruit, flowers, wool, leather and cheese. Cattle, meat and fish were also traded. The regular Saturday market was supplemented by a Wednesday market in 1662. In addition to markets, regular fairs were held.[31] Local industries included pottery, brick making, tanning, leather-working, fishing, milling, brewing and boat-building.[32][33]

The presence of fabric and wood-working craft skills associated with boat-building was a factor in the choice of Kingston as the site chosen by

Sopwith Aviation's origins at Brooklands.[34] Well known aviation personalities Sydney Camm, Harry Hawker and Tommy Sopwith were responsible for much of Kingston's achievements in aviation. For much of the 20th century, Kingston was a major military aircraft manufacturing centre specialising in fighter aircraft – first with Sopwith Aviation, H G Hawker Engineering, later Hawker Aircraft, Hawker Siddeley and eventually British Aerospace. The renowned Sopwith Camel, Hawker Fury, Hurricane, Hunter and Harrier jump jet were all designed and built in the town and examples of all of these aircraft can be seen today at the nearby Brooklands Museum in Weybridge. British Aerospace finally closed its Lower Ham Road factory in 1992;[35]
part of the site was subsequently redeveloped for housing but the riverside part houses a community centre and sports complex.

Recent developments

Following the construction of the Kingston Relief Road (commonly known as the "Kingston one-way system") in 1989,

Sir Peter Hall as the director.[41] Also, in 2001, the old Kingston bus garage and bus station, closed the previous year, was demolished and the site redeveloped as the Rotunda complex, with an Odeon Cinema, restaurants and tenpin bowling.[42]

Governance

Kingston straddles two Parliamentary constituencies: the area north of the railway line is part of Richmond Park, which is represented by Sarah Olney of the Liberal Democrats, and the area south of the railway line (including the ancient town centre) is part of Kingston and Surbiton which is represented by Ed Davey of the Liberal Democrats.

Notable locations

The Bentall Centre
Sunset from Eagle Brewery Wharf
All Saint's Church, a Grade I listed building
Kingston upon Thames Guildhall, completed in 1935

Central Kingston is a busy, largely pedestrian and predominantly retail centre, with a small number of commercial offices and civic buildings.

The shopping centre includes a shopping mall, "

bowling alley, fitness centre, a 15-screen Odeon
multiplex cinema and a few restaurants.

The ancient market is still held daily in the Market Place, including such produce as fish, jewellery, exotic foods, local foods and flowers.

Kingston's civic buildings include

London boroughs of Greater London, it was the county town of Surrey following the period of 1791–1893 when Newington had this role. Guildford has officially reclaimed this ancient, now ceremonial title as Kingston is no longer administered by Surrey.[43]

Kingston's main open space is the

Hogsmill river and reaching almost to Surbiton. Eagle Brewery Wharf is a council-owned public space located on the riverside.[44]
Across Kingston Bridge is a tree lined river bank fronting the expanse of Hampton Court Park.

Economy

Bentalls Bridge
Eden Walk shopping centre

Kingston has many pubs and restaurants and several public houses in the centre have become restaurants or bars. The more traditional pubs tend to be in the northern part of the town (Canbury) and include The Canbury Arms, Park Tavern, The Wych Elm and Willoughby Arms. Further south are found the Druid's Head, the Spring Grove, The Cricketers, The Albion Tavern, The Duke of Buckingham, and several small local pubs around Fairfield. The Druid's Head is notable as one of the first taverns to make syllabub, the famous dessert, in the 18th century.[45] There are several Chinese, Indian, Thai and Italian restaurants.

The local newspapers are the weekly Surrey Comet, which celebrated its 150th year in 2004,[46] and the Kingston Guardian.

In 2010 retail footprint research, Kingston ranked 25th in terms of retail expenditure in the UK at £810 million, equal to Covent Garden and just ahead of Southampton. This puts it as generating the fifth highest level of retail sales in Greater London, passing Croydon, with just four West End alternatives ahead.[47] In 2005, Kingston was 24th with £864 million, and 3rd in London.[48] In a 2015 study by CACI, Kingston was ranked 28th in the UK in the Hot 100 Retail Locations - and the second highest in Greater London after Croydon.[49] In 2018, Kingston was ranked joint 5th in the UK by Knight Frank in the "High Street Investment Ranking", only bettered by Cambridge, Bath, Chichester and Reading.[50]

In 2013 Kingston became the location for a local currency scheme, designed to boost and strengthen the local economy in Kingston,[51]

Transition towns initiative. The Kingston pound began as a digital currency, and from 2018 existed in paper format, with denominations of K£1;K£5;K£10;and K£20 designed by graphic design students from Kingston University. These were taken out of circulation in 2021, but have been sold to many collectors all over the world. The Kingston Pound is a 'tagged' sterling that can be exchanged either way on a 1 for 1 basis without any penalty.[53][54]

As of 2011, Kingston upon Thames has the fourth highest retail turnover for comparison goods in Greater London, £432 million annually, only bettered by the West End, Shepherd's Bush and Stratford. As of 2012, Kingston has 276,438 square metres (2,975,550 sq ft) of total town centre floorspace, the 3rd highest in London.[55]

Culture

See also: List of public art in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames

A notable dramatic arts venue is the

Rose Theatre, opened on 16 January 2008 and seating about 900 people. The audience are arranged around the semi-circular stage. All Saints Church is host to classical choral and music concerts mostly on Saturdays and houses a Frobenius organ. There are a number of choral societies including the Kingston Orpheus Choir and the Kingston Choral Society, an amateur symphony orchestra the Kingston Philharmonia, and the Kingston and District Chamber Music Society. A number of annual festivals are organised by the Council and Kingston Arts Council including Kingston Readers' Festival, Think-in-Kingston and the Festival of the Voice.[citation needed] Kingston University runs the Stanley Picker Gallery and Kingston Museum has a changing gallery on the first floor. A regular singing group at the Rose Theatre caters to schools and families.[56]

Eadweard Muybridge (photographer) was born in the town in 1830

John Galsworthy the author was born on Kingston Hill and Jacqueline Wilson grew up, and went to school in Kingston and still lives there today. Both are commemorated at Kingston University – Galsworthy in the newest building and Wilson in the main hall. Also commemorated at the university is photographer Eadweard Muybridge who was born at Kingston and changed the spelling of his first name in reference to the name of the Saxon king on the Coronation Stone. He was a pioneer in the photography of the moving image. R. C. Sherriff the playwright is also associated with Kingston, writing his first play to support Kingston Rowing Club.[57] An earlier writer born in Kingston was John Cleland.[58]

Kingston has been covered in literature, film and television. It is where the comic Victorian novel Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome begins; cannons aimed against the Martians in H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds are positioned on Kingston Hill; in The Rainbow by D. H. Lawrence the youngest Brangwen dreams of a job in Kingston upon Thames in a long, lyrical passage; Mr. Knightly in Emma by Jane Austen regularly visits Kingston, although the narrative never follows him there.

Fine art is also a prominent feature in the history of Kingston. Both John Hoyland and Jeremy Moon worked from permanent studios in Kingston and many artists and designers have studied at the university including Fiona Banner, John Bratby, David Nash and Jasper Morrison.

Early in his music career, the guitarist and singer-songwriter Eric Clapton spent time busking in Kingston upon Thames,[59] having grown up and studied in the area.[60] Rock band Cardiacs were formed in the town.

Recently,[

Bollywood film starring Hrithik Roshan as the leading actor, was filmed by the toppled telephone boxes sculpture in Old London Road.[citation needed
]

The 1974

John Lewis department stores. Kingston featured in Primeval again in May 2009 with several scenes shot in and around the Market Place. Nipper, the famous "His Master's Voice" (HMV) dog, is buried in the town under Lloyds Bank. His owners lived nearby in Fife Road.[citation needed
]

Kingston Green Fair was held annually from 1987 to 2008 in Canbury Gardens, next to the river, on the Spring

Bank Holiday.[62] The word "Green" in the title refers to the ethos of the fair as promoting sustainable development. For instance no meat or other products derived from dead animals were allowed to be sold, and no electricity was permitted on the site unless generated by wind, sun, or bicycle power.[63]

Public art

The sculpture "Out of Order"

One of the more unusual sights in Kingston is Out of Order by David Mach, a sculpture in the form of twelve disused red telephone boxes that have been tipped up to lean against one another in an arrangement resembling dominoes. The work was commissioned in 1988 as part of the landscaping for the new Relief Road, and was described by its creator as "anti-minimalist".[64][65]

Transport

Kingston railway station

Rail

Kingston is principally served by Kingston railway station, which opened in 1863.

The station is in

Sunbury. Eastbound trains also travel on the Kingston loop line towards Teddington, Strawberry Hill, Twickenham and Richmond, after which trains continue towards Waterloo. From Waterloo, trains to Kingston are advertised towards "Shepperton" and "Strawberry Hill".[66][67]

A nearby station in

fare zone 5) is on the same lines.[66]

Nearby

Grade II listed.[68]

Bus

Kingston is served by two bus stations,

Fairfield, and a large number of bus stops, with destinations across Greater London and Surrey including links directly to Heathrow Airport.[69]

Road

The Kingston Bypass passes to the south and east of Kingston. The bypass carries the A3, which links the area to Merton, Wandsworth, Clapham and the City of London to the north. To the south, the A3 runs to Portsmouth via Guildford and Petersfield.

A portion of the bypass carries the A309 to Thames Ditton, Hampton Court and the A308.

There are several radial routes including:

Kingston Relief Road

In the 1960s, planners proposed a partially elevated

pedestrianised.[71] On the western side of the town centre, the road passes underneath John Lewis Kingston before crossing the River Thames via Kingston Bridge.[72] As part of the project, two bus stations were constructed, cycle lanes installed and several artworks commissioned including Out of Order by David Mach and River Celebration by Carole Hodgson.[64][65]

River

Kingston Town End and Kingston Turks piers are situated in Kingston. Turk Launches operates a Summer-only river tour between Hampton Court and Richmond St Helena.[73]

Cycling

There is a network of cycle lanes throughout Kingston linking the area to destinations throughout south-west London and England.

Key routes include:

  • EuroVelo 2, a route from Moscow to Galway.[75]
  • Cycleway 28 - A two-way, segregated cycle track between Kingston and Seething Wells along Portsmouth Road.[76]
  • Cycleway 29 - A cycle route, much of which is two-way and segregated from other road traffic between Kingston and Fishponds Park. Much of the route follows Penrhyn Road and Ewell Road.[76]
  • Cycleway 30 - A segregated cycle track between C29 at Kingston to Putney Vale, following the route of A308 London Road.[76]

Education

Main article:
List of schools in Kingston upon Thames
Kingston University main building, Penrhyn Road campus
Tiffin School

Kingston is the location of

Tiffin Girls' School and Kingston Grammar School, all of which have large catchment areas across Greater London and Surrey.[77][78]

The growth and development of Kingston Polytechnic, and its transformation into Kingston University in 1992, has made Kingston a university town.[79]

Religious sites

The 12th-century

Bishop of Kingston is the Rt Rev Dr Richard Cheetham. Other Anglican churches in Kingston, of more recent date, are St John the Evangelist and St Luke
.

Kingston lies in the Roman Catholic

Archdiocese of Southwark, and there is a Roman Catholic Church dedicated to Saint Agatha
.

Kingston is also the home of the Kingston Surbiton & District Synagogue. It also has a Quaker meeting house, a Mosque and a Sikh Gurdwara.

Lady Booth Road, formerly Fairfield Road, is named to commemorate the former location of the

Salvation Army
citadel.

Sport

Kingston is the home of four association football clubs,

FA Women's Super League, whereas Kingstonian, Corinthian-Casuals and Chessington & Hook United are non-league
clubs.

Kingston Athletic Club and Polytechnic Harriers are based at the neighbouring Kingsmeadow athletics stadium.[85] This stadium has a 400m track which is floodlit, a gym and 5-a-side football facilities.[86] Kingston Rugby Club is based on the outskirts of the town, and Kingston Rowing Club (founded in 1858) is based in Canbury Gardens on the River Thames.[87] The Club holds two large timed race events (HEADs) in the Spring and Autumn. Kingston Regatta takes place on the river just above the bridge over a weekend in early July.[88][89]

The town has a large leisure centre next to Fairfield named the Kingfisher Centre, which contains an indoor swimming pool and gymnasium.[90] Sport in Kingston is promoted and encouraged by Sport Kingston, an organisation funded by the Royal Borough of Kingston.[91]

Kingston Wildcats School of Basketball is a community basketball development club that practices and plays its home fixtures at Chessington School,[92] competing in the Surrey League and Basketball England National League.

London 2012 Summer Olympics

Racing cyclist.
Bradley Wiggins riding towards central Kingston on 1 August 2012.

Prior to the opening of the

Olympic Stadium for the opening ceremony. The borough was the setting for four cycling events during the Olympics, the men's road race, women's road race, men's road time trial and women's road time trial
.

Following the games, the London–Surrey Classic professional road bicycle race ran through the town from 2013 to 2018, using a similar course to the Olympic road race.[94] Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the race will not return to Kingston, with the RideLondon festival using the roads of Essex instead.[95]

Geography

Kingston is 3 miles (5 km) south-east of Twickenham, 5 miles (8 km) north-east of Walton-on-Thames, and 6 miles (10 km) north-west of Sutton.

Nearest places

Town twinning

Kingston upon Thames has been

twinned with Oldenburg in Germany since 2010.[96] It also has been historically twinned with Delft in the Netherlands
. Since 2016, Kingston upon Thames has been
twinned with Jaffna in Sri Lanka.[97]

Notable people

Main article:
List of people from Kingston upon Thames

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Bibliography

External links

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