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Royal coat of arms of the Kingdom of Scotland
James VI
post 1603
In My Defens God Me Defend (abbr. In Defens)
Order(s)The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle. (Arms feature the collar of the order)
Earlier version(s)
UsePrior to the Union of the Crowns, 1603

The royal coat of arms of Scotland (also known as the Royal Arms of Scotland)

Scottish monarchs from the 13th century until the Acts of Union in 1707; the articles of which established the Kingdom of Great Britain from the political union of the Kingdom of Scotland and Kingdom of England
.

Prior to the 1707 Acts of Union the

Elizabeth I of England. The resulting personal union
between each kingdom was to be reflected in the blazon of the arms post 1603.

Since 1603 the arms of Scottish and, since 1707,

Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom
as used in Scotland.

Features

The pre-

King of Scots as rampant, with blue tongue and claws, on a yellow field and surrounded by a red double royal tressure flory counter-flory device. (Specified in heraldry
as "Or, a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counter-flory of the second").

Atop the shield sits the helm and crest. The helm is full-faced of demasked gold with six bars and features gold mantling lined with ermine. Upon the helm sits the crest, depicting the red lion, forward facing and sitting atop the Crown of Scotland, displaying the Honours of Scotland. (The lion wears the Crown of Scotland and holds both the Sceptre and the Sword of State).

Above the crest is the

Scots spelling of 'Defence'). The motto of the arms appears above the crest in the convention of Scottish heraldry. Surrounding the shield is the collar of The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle
.

The supporters are two crowned and chained

thistles
, the national flower of Scotland.

History

Kingdom of Scotland

Lion rampant
on saddle and shield.
Wappenbuch
, c.1475.

A form of these arms was first used by

rampant within a double tressure flory counter-flory Gules
.

Throughout the ages the arms passed from monarch to succeeding monarch with only slight variations in detail. In some early examples the crest depicts the lion without a sceptre and holding the sword at an angle in the dexter paw, the sword blade passing behind the crowned head of the lion. Other versions show the unicorn supporters without their crowns, although being considered dangerous beasts they are always chained.

The motto In My Defens God Me Defend also appears as In My Defens or simply In Defens, whilst always appearing above the crest in keeping with the conventions of Scots heraldry. The lions, both rampant and sejant affronte, are usually depicted with blue tongue and claws, in heraldic terms armed and langued azure, but this has not always been the case. The tail of the lion rampant often ends by falling away from the back of the animal but at times is depicted turning inwards towards the head. The lion rampant has even been depicted on a banner wearing a crown in the style of the Norwegian coat of Arms.

Many of these relatively minor variations will have resulted from the individual efforts of stonemasons, weavers, artists and sculptors throughout the ages in their attempts to create a facsimile of the arms of the period.

In 1672 Charles II registered the blazon of the achievement of the Kingdom of Scotland as follows:

Or, a Lyon rampant gules armed and langued azure within a double tressur flowered and counter-flowered with flowers de lis of the second, Encircled with the order of Scotland the same being composed of Rue and thistles having the Image of St. Andrew with his cross on his brest yr unto pendent Above the shield ane Helment answerable to his Majesties high qualitie and jurisdiction with a mantle or doubled ermine adorned with ane Imperiall Crowne beautified with crosses pattee and flowers de lis surmounted on the top for his Majesties Crest of a Lyon sejant full faced gules crowned or holding in his dexter paw a naked sword proper and in the sinister both erected paleways supported be two Uniccornes Argent crowned with Imperiall and goarged with open Crownes, to the last chains affixed passing betwixt their fore leggs and reflexed over their backs or, he on the dexter imbracing and bearing up a banner of cloath of gold charged with the Royall Armes of Scotland and he on the sinister another Banner azure charged with a St Andrews Crosse argent, both standing on ane compartment placed underneath from which issue thistles one towards each side of the escutcheon, and for his Majisties Royall Motto's in ane escroll overall In defence, and under on the table of the compartment Nemo me impune Lacessit.[2]

Kingdom of France

When

King of France, with those of Mary also being altered to reflect her elevated status as queen-consort of France.[3][4]

Following the death of Francis in 1560, Mary continued to use the arms showing Scotland and France impaled, (with a minor alteration of the arms to reflect her change of status from queen-consort to

Queen Elizabeth I of England, given that the English monarchy
had for centuries held a historical claim to the throne of France, symbolised by the arms of the Kingdom of France having been quartered with those of the Kingdom of England since 1340). Following the marriage to Darnley, the arms of Scotland reverted to the blazon which had preceded the marriage to Francis.

Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Ireland (Union of the Crowns)

On the death of Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1603,

Royal Coat of Arms of England were quartered with those of Scotland, and a quarter for Ireland was also added. At this time the King of England also laid claim to the French throne, therefore the arms of the Kingdom of England were themselves already quartered with those of the Kingdom of France. James used a different version of his Royal arms in Scotland and this distinction in Royal protocol continued post the Acts of Union
of 1707. (Today, the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom used in Scotland continue to differ from those used elsewhere).

During the reign of

Chivalric order of the Kingdom of Scotland.[6] The motto of the Order of the Thistle, Nemo me impune lacessit, appears on a blue scroll overlying the compartment.[7] (Previously, only the collar
of the Order of the Thistle had appeared on the arms).

The addition by King Charles of Nemo me impune lacessit ensured that the

shield
. Henceforth, the versions of the Royal arms used in Scotland and elsewhere were to include both the motto of the arms of the respective kingdom and the motto of the associated order of chivalry.

From the accession of the

coat of arms of Canada, continue to feature an Irish harp in order to represent Northern Ireland
.

Changes to the blazon of the arms
The Dauphin of France, (1558–1559)
The
Kingdom of France
, (1559–1565)
  • Following the Union of the Crowns in 1603, the blazon of the Royal coat of arms of the Kingdom of Scotland included elements from the arms of:
The Kingdom of France, (1603–1707)
The Kingdom of England, (1603–1707)
The Kingdom of Ireland, (1603–1707)
The House of Orange-Nassau, (1689–1702)
The Kingdom of France, (1707–1800)
The Kingdom of Ireland (1707–1800)
The Electorate of Hanover, (1714–1800)
The Electorate of Hanover, (1801–1814)
The Kingdom of Hanover, (1814–1837)
  • Following the accession of
    Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
    used in Scotland were adopted.

Current uses

Main articles:
Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom
used in Scotland
HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay
Province of Nova Scotia

Despite the

Lord Lieutenants in their Lieutenancies. Unofficially, the Lion Rampant is commonly used as a second national flag of Scotland, being most often seen at sporting events involving Scottish national teams. (Both the Scottish Football Association and Scotland national football team
use a logo based upon the Royal Arms).

Since 1603 the Royal coat of arms as they have appeared in Scotland have undergone numerous changes, however since 1837 the

Thistle
, which has sharp spikes at the tips of its leaves resulting in a painful sensation should they be handled without due respect).

Since the Union of the Crowns, these Scottish quarterings have been used for official purposes in Scotland, for example, on official buildings and official publications. The

Scotland Office uses a version of the Royal Coat of Arms as used in Scotland and the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service, RCAHMS and the General Register Office for Scotland
use a version of the crest.

The banner of the modern arms, the

Royal Standard of the United Kingdom used in Scotland, is flown when the Queen is in residence at Balmoral Castle or the Palace of Holyroodhouse, on the queen's car on official journeys and on aircraft (when on the ground). It may also be flown on any building, official or private, during a visit by the Queen, if the owner or proprietor so requests. When the Queen attends the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh, the Royal Standard of the United Kingdom used in Scotland flies outside the Scottish Parliament Building
.

The banner of the

Great Steward of Scotland, with the 2nd and 3rd quarters featuring the arms of the Lord of the Isles. In the centre, on an inescutcheon, are the arms of the heir apparent to the King of Scots, namely the Royal arms of Scotland with a three point label. The standard of the Duke of Rothesay is the Royal Standard of Scotland defaced
with a three point label.

The

United Kingdom
in that they also feature the Scottish arms in the second quarter of the shield and use the unicorn as the sinister supporter. The Canadian version also mirrors the Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland in that each supporter not only supports the shield but also a lance displaying a flag.

Both the

coat of arms of Nova Scotia feature elements of the Scottish arms. However, unlike the Royal Coat of Arms of Canada, those of Nova Scotia portray the unicorn as the Royally crowned dexter supporter, in the Scottish style. The shield depicts an inverse representation of the flag of Scotland and features the Royal arms of Scotland on an inescutcheon. The motto munit haec et altera vincit appears above the crest in keeping with the Scottish heraldic style. (Both the flag and shield of the Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
also feature the Scottish arms on an inescucheon).

The gold shield with double red tressure, with maple leaves (érablé-counter-érablé), is also used in the coat of arms of the Monarchist League of Canada, whose arms were granted by HM The Queen in 2002.

The Scottish arms also feature in the arms of the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the arms of the Royal Scottish Academy and those of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.

See also

Royal Standard of Scotland

References

  1. ^ Royal
  2. ^ Fox-Davies, Charles, The Book of Public Arms (1915), p712
  3. ^ Coinage of Great Britain. Celtic to Decimalisation, by Ken Elks. Part 12, Scottish Coins.
  4. ^ Scottish Coins ~ Mary (1542–1567)
  5. ^ Public Sculpture of Glasgow by Ray McKenzie, Gary Nisbet
  6. ^ British Monarchy web site
  7. ISBN 0-9525258-2-8
    )

Scotland Scotland Category:National symbols of Scotland Category:Scottish monarchy

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