VMFA-251

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Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 251
Active
  • 1 December 1941 – 1 June 1945
  • 1 July 1946 - 23 April 2020
Country
F/A-18A/C Hornet

Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 251 (VMFA-251) was a United States Marine Corps F/A-18 Hornet squadron. Known as the "Thunderbolts", the squadron was deactivated on 23 April 2020. If current plans hold, the squadron is to be re-activated by 2025 as a F-35C Lightning II and based at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina.

History

World War II

A VMO-251 F4F-3P on Espiritu Santo, 1942.

Marine Observation Squadron 251 (VMO-251) was commissioned 1 December 1941 at

Guadalcanal, Southern Solomons, Santa Cruz, Luzon
, and the Southern Philippines.

Squadron insignia when they were VMO-251
Squadron patch from when they were VMF-251

In 1943, the squadron transitioned to the

Leyte. The squadron's excellent performance during this time can be drawn from an award write up by the then Commanding Officer of MAG-14, Colonel Zebulon Hawkins, in which he noted, "During the month of January 1945 . . . this squadron [23 planes] flew 626 combat flights, totaling 2,403 hours. Since... 1 October 1944, until 15 February 1945, this... ground crew has maintained in commission 98% of the squadron's assigned aircraft. Not once, from June 1944, has it failed to execute an assigned mission because of failure to have the necessary planes in commission... Since 23 July 1944... this squadron has not lost a plane or pilot because of failure or malfunctioning of its aircraft[3]
."

On 1 June 1945, VMF-251 was deactivated at Samar, Philippines Island. Thirteen months later on 1 July 1946, VMF-251 was reactivated at Grosse Ile, Michigan as a ready-reserve squadron.[citation needed]

Korean War

VMF-251 pilots at NAS Grosse Ile, 1948.
AD-4s of VMA-251 in Korea, 1953-54.

With the outbreak of the

AD-4 Skyraider. In late April 1951 the squadron was transferred to Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California. With the aircraft transition complete, the squadron was re-designated Marine Attack Squadron 251 (VMA-251) on April 20, 1951.[4] VMA-251 embarked to Korea in June 1953. Although the squadron only saw action the last two weeks of the war, it flew 310 combat sorties totaling more than 550 hours and had the distinction of having the last Marine aircraft engaged in combat during the Korean War on 27 July 1953. VMA-251 remained in Korea for two and a half years providing air defense along the Korean Demilitarized Zone
.

In January 1956, the Black Patches relocated to

FJ-3 Fury
. With the transition to the FJ-3 came the re-designation to VMF-251 on April 20, 1957. The squadron changed their nickname from Black Patches to Thunderbolts and a new insignia was created by Captain (LtGen, Ret.) Richard E. Carey. The insignia consisted of a white cross (symbolizing purity), a red diamond (depicting courage), and a blue field (loyalty). Their motto became, Custos Caelorum, or Guardians of the Sky. The squadron also adopted the "DW" tail code.


In April 1958 VMF-251 was moved to

F8U Crusader
. The Thunderbolts departed MCAS El Toro for NAS Atugi, Japan, in October of 1959, with LtCol. Albert L. Clark leading the way. The squadron practiced Carrier Qualifications aboard the USS Oriskany and the USS Ranger. They also participated in operations in Formosa, the Philippines, and Okinawa. Captain Joseph F. Mayfield, Jr. was lost on 27 May 1959 and Captain Robert L. Leathers was lost at sea on 18 November 1960.

Cold War

VMF-251 F-8B Crusaders, assigned to USS Shangri-La (CVA-38), in 1962.

In 1961, VMF-251 was assigned to Marine Aircraft Group 31 (MAG-31) at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina. In August and September 1961 the squadron was deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and to Jamaica during the time between the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis. From February through August 1962, VMF-251 was the first Marine F-8 squadron to deploy on board an aircraft carrier as part of Carrier Air Group Ten on the USS Shangri-La (CVA-38). During the cruise, VMF-251 set the record for the most flight time in one month for a Sixth Fleet based F-8 squadron by flying over 500 hours. In July 1963 the Thunderbolts were the recipients of the 2nd MAW Commanding General's award for achievement in competitive exercises which took place while the squadron was deployed to NAS Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico.

On 31 October 1964, the Thunderbolts became the first Marine squadron in

Rota, Spain in 1975 and the Thunderbolts participated in a Western Pacific deployment to Japan, Korea, and the Philippines
during 1977-1978.

A VMFA-251 F-4J intercepts a Soviet Tu-95 Bear D in 1982.

In September 1980 the Thunderbolts deployed to

Keflavik in Iceland where the squadron intercepted six Soviet Bear Bombers while on "hot pad" alert. The squadron deployed to the Kingdom of Denmark in September 1982 for NATO Exercise "Northern Wedding 82" during which 102 Soviet aircraft flew sorties against NATO naval forces.[6] The squadron was placed on alert for possible redeployment to Lebanon
before returning to the United States.

After twenty-one years and 85,000 flight hours, VMFA-251 flew its last F-4S Phantom in November 1985. In January of the following year, the Thunderbolts transitioned to the

F/A-18 Hornet
. The squadron stood up as the sixth Marine F/A-18A squadron the following August and reported full combat ready in March 1987.

The 1990s

The squadron transitioned from the aging F/A-18A to the

F/A-18C
during the early 1990s. This change also increased the squadron's mission capable rate.

From January to April 1994, the Thunderbolts flew

Bosnia-Herzegovina. These missions marked the first combat sorties for a Marine squadron in Europe since World War I. In 1994, the squadron became part of the Navy's Carrier Air Wing One and deployed as part of the USS America and USS George Washington
battle groups from 1995 through 1997. The squadron then deployed on board the USS John F Kennedy (CV-67) during 1999-2000 for OPERATION SOUTHERN WATCH.

Global War on Terror

2005 squadron photo

On 12 February 2003, the squadron deployed to Ahmed Al Jaber Airbase,

Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF). On 20 February 2003, the squadron began flying combat missions in support of Operation Southern Watch and then transitioned to combat operations in support of OIF on 20 March 2003. During the conflict Thunderbolts flew over 650 combat missions over Iraq, accumulating more than 1,200 combat flight hours and dropped more than 7,100 weapons amounting to approximately 832,000 pounds of ordnance. Throughout the deployment maintenance Marines performed over 8,000 maintenance man-hours resulting in a 76% full mission capable rate
.

In 2006 the squadron deployed to

Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF).[7] Upon their return they again deployed, this time on board the USS Enterprise (CVN-65). They were away from June to December 2007 and flew combat sorties in support of OIF and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan.[8][9]

Unit Awards

See also

Citations

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.
  1. ^ "Marine Observation Squadron (VMO-251) History". MCARA Units. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  2. ^ Tillman (1979), p.90.
  3. ^ Maj Boggs, Charles W. "Marine Aviation in the Philippines". Retrieved 17 December 2007.
  4. ^ "United States Marine Corps Muster Rolls - 1949-1953" (PDF). NARA. United States Marine Corps. p. 24. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  5. ^ Flemming, Nikki (October 12, 2006). "Thunderbolts add to their rich history". Marine Corps News. U.S. Marine Corps. Archived from the original on August 17, 2008. Retrieved April 12, 2008.
  6. ^ Arkin, William M. (September 1987). "Navy autonomy thwarts arms control". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Vol. 43, No. 7. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  7. ^ "Commandant, Marine Corps sergeant major visit Thunderbolts at Al Asad". Marine Corps News. U.S. Marine Corps.
  8. ^ "VMFA-251, VFA-86 to return to Beaufort Sunday". 14 December 2007. Retrieved 14 December 2007.
  9. ^ Cpl Mecure, James M. (21 December 2007). "Thunderbolts, Sidewinders return from 6-month deployment". Archived from the original on 4 March 2008. Retrieved 21 December 2007.

References

Bibliography
Web
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