Valérian and Laureline

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Valérian and Laureline
Cover to the English version of album 21 (2018)
Created by
Publication information
PublisherDargaud
Title(s)
  • Bad Dreams
  • The City of Shifting Waters
  • Empire of a Thousand Planets
  • World Without Stars
  • Welcome to Alflolol
  • Birds of the Master
  • Ambassador of the Shadows
  • On the False Earths
  • Heroes of the Equinox
  • Métro Châtelet, Direction Cassiopeia
  • Brooklyn Station, Terminus Cosmos
  • The Ghosts of Inverloch
  • The Wrath of Hypsis
  • On the Frontiers
  • The Living Weapons
  • The Circles of Power
  • Hostages of the Ultralum
  • Orphan of the Stars
  • In Uncertain Times
  • At the Edge of the Great Void
  • The Order of the Stones
  • The Time Opener
FormatsOriginal material for the series has been published as a strip in the comics anthology(s) Pilote magazine and a set of graphic novels.
Original languageFrench
Genre
Publication dateNovember 1967 – March 2018
Main character(s)
Creative team
Writer(s)
ISBN 0-7434-8674-9
Creators of Valérian and Laureline: Eveline Tranlé (colorist), Pierre Christin (writer), Jean-Claude Mézières (illustrator)

Valérian and Laureline (

encyclopædia
.

The series focuses on the adventures of the dark-haired Valérian, a spatio-temporal agent, and his redheaded female colleague, Laureline, as they travel the universe through space and time. Valérian is a classical hero, kind, strong and brave, who follows the orders of his superiors even if he feels, deep down, that it is the wrong thing to do. On the other hand, his partner Laureline combines her superior intelligence, determination and independence with sex appeal. Influenced by classic literary science fiction, the series mixes space opera with time travel plots. Christin's scripts are noted for their humour, complexity and strongly humanist and left-wing liberal political ideas while Mézières' art is characterized by its vivid depictions of the alien worlds and species Valérian and Laureline encounter on their adventures. The series is considered a landmark in European comics and pop culture,[1] and influenced other media as well; traces of its concepts, storylines and designs can be found in science fiction films such as Star Wars and The Fifth Element.[2][3][4]

Many of the stories have been translated into several languages, including English.

animated television series, Time Jam: Valerian & Laureline, was released in 2007, and a feature film directed by Luc Besson, Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets
, was released in 2017.

Concept and setting

The original setting for the series was the 28th century. Humanity has discovered the means of travelling instantaneously through time and space. The capital of Earth, Galaxity, is the centre of the vast Terran Galactic Empire. Earth itself has become a virtual

Technocrats of the First Circle. The Spatio-Temporal Service protects the planets of the Terran Empire and guards against temporal paradoxes caused by rogue time-travellers. Valérian and Laureline are two such spatio-temporal agents.[6]

However, since the end of the story

The Wrath of Hypsis
(Les Foudres d'Hypsis), in which Galaxity disappears from space-time as a result of a temporal paradox, the pair have become freelance trouble-shooters travelling through space and time offering their services to anyone willing to hire them while also searching for their lost home.

In the first two albums Valérian travels through time in a two-seater device, the XB27, which transports him to the various relay stations that Galaxity has hidden throughout time (e.g. in

hyperspace
drive enabling near-instant transportation anywhere in space and time.

The initial albums were generally straightforward

ideological differences between various groups that could be resolved through reason and perseverance.[8] The core theme of the stories is an optimistic liberal humanism: the adventures are not about defeating enemies but about exploring, facing challenges, and celebrating diversity.[8] Thus, according to the academic John Dean, Christin "as a rule works into his narratives political, environmental and feminist concerns – thereby showing social ills are universal, no matter on what planet you land".[9]

Another concept that developed was Galaxity as a proxy for

real-politik.[10]
Other themes include:

These themes are underpinned by the vivid drawings of Jean-Claude Mézières, whose "visually stunning backgrounds: complex architecture, futuristic machines, otherworldly landscapes and odd-looking aliens",

National Geographic, but on a cosmic scale".[11]

Principal characters

Valérian and Laureline as drawn by Jean-Claude Mézières

Valérian

Valérian was born on Earth, in Galaxity, capital of the Terran Galactic Empire in the 28th century. He joined the Spatio-Temporal Service in the year 2713. He has been trained to think that Galaxity is always right – even when he receives orders that go against his morals he will, reluctantly, follow them. He much prefers to be a man of action than sitting around pondering what course to take next.

The early stories present Valérian as a typical square-jawed

Brooklyn Station, Terminus Cosmos
.

When Galaxity disappears in The Wrath of Hypsis he contemplates following his fellows into oblivion, much to Laureline's horror. Even afterwards, he feels the loss of Galaxity much more than Laureline, as it is his birthplace.

The name Valérian comes from Eastern Europe,

The Ghosts of Inverloch (Les Spectres d'Inverloch) onwards, Valérian was made more sympathetic and given a greater piece of the action.[8]

In Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, a 2017 movie by Luc Besson, Valérian is played by Dane DeHaan.

Laureline

Laureline is a peasant girl from 11th-century France. In the debut adventure, Bad Dreams, she rescues Valérian from the enchanted Forest of Arelaune. When she accidentally discovers Valérian is a time-traveller, he is forced to bring her back with him to Galaxity where she is trained as a Spatio-Temporal Agent and assigned as his partner.

In the early stories, Laureline generally sits in the background while Valérian saves the day in whatever situation the pair have found themselves, but her position changes as the series develops. World Without Stars, the fourth serial published in Pilote, the two characters are separated for most of the adventure, with Laureline stepping out from under Valérian's shadow for the first time, and she proves to be more than an equal to Valérian in ensuring that their mission succeeds.

The Living Weapons
(Les Armes Vivantes).

Despite being independent and efficacious, Laureline is not afraid to exploit her considerable sex appeal if it is to her advantage. For example, she attracts the attention of the Emperor of Valsennar in World Without Stars and, dressed in leather gear and boots, she manipulates Crocbattler and Rackalust in Brooklyn Station, Terminus Cosmos and regularly charms the Shingouz when negotiating with them for information. She has appeared nude in some adventures. Mézières drew a picture of her for the French edition of Playboy in 1987.[14]

She also has a certain affinity for animals such as the Alflololian Goumon in Welcome to Alflolol, the Grumpy Converter from Bluxte, first seen in Ambassador of the Shadows, and the Tüm Tüm (de Lüm) and the

On the Frontiers
(Sur les Frontières).

The name "Laureline" was invented by Mézières and Christin who were seeking a name that would sound "medieval" and "soft".[12] The name has proven popular and there are now several thousand women in France named Laureline, the first one born in 1968, just a year after the publication of Bad Dreams. There have also been variations such as "Loreline" and "Laurelyne".[15] Laureline was initially created just for the first story, Bad Dreams, but recognising that they had a female character who was different from the bimbo types common to comics of the time, Mézières and Christin fell for her and, in response to positive reader feedback, retained her for the subsequent stories.[8]

In Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, a 2017 movie by Luc Besson, Laureline is played by Cara Delevingne.

Other characters

Mr Albert

Mr Albert

Mr Albert is Galaxity's contact on 20th-century Earth. He makes his first appearance in

carrier pigeons
to relay messages between some of his contacts. Unlike Valérian he tries to avoid getting involved in the thick of the action and never acts impulsively, always preferring to take his time about things. He enjoys the finer things in life: gourmet cuisine, fine wines and likes to take things easy.

The character of Albert is partially influenced by that of August Faust, the main character in the strip The Extraordinary and Troubling Adventure of Mr August Faust (L'extraordinaire et Troublante Aventure de M. August Faust), written by

Fred and drawn by Mézières in 1967.[12]

The Shingouz

Three shingouz, from "The Ghosts of Inverloch"

The Shingouz are aliens who make their first appearance in Ambassador of the Shadows and re-appear regularly throughout the subsequent albums. They are brown, short-furred creatures, slightly less than a metre tall, resembling flightless birds with a snout instead of a beak.

Shingouz have a high alcohol tolerance and preference for strong alcoholic beverages, which they consume in large quantities. The Shingouz society is capitalist to the extreme. Shingouz want a profit from everything they do. They are especially adept in trading important and sensitive information to interested parties. Valérian and Laureline have struck up a relationship with a group of three Shingouz who have a particularly useful network of contacts in all the major space communities. They are especially fond of Laureline, which she often uses to her advantage in striking favourable deals with them.[17]

In the feature film Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, the Shingouz are replaced with the similar negotiating species Dogan Daguis.

Origins

Orphan of the Stars
 (L'Orphelin des Astres)

Childhood friends Jean-Claude Mézières and Pierre Christin had previously collaborated on the comic strip Le Rhum du Punch (Rum Punch) in 1966 while both were living and working in the United States.[12] Upon their return to France they initially intended to create a Western strip but, with the genre already well represented in French comics thanks to Lucky Luke, Blueberry and Jerry Spring, Christin instead proposed that they turn their hand to science fiction, a genre he felt was unrepresented in French comics at the time.[8] The decision to work in the science fiction genre was also influenced by the political climate in France at the time; Mézières and Christin saw Valérian as a "backdoor" means to react against the prevailing doctrine of Gaullism.[8] Although science fiction was not a favourite of Pilote editor René Goscinny, Goscinny wanted his magazine to be diverse and innovative and so agreed to commission Valérian.[12]

There had been French science fiction comics before Valérian such as Kline's Kaza the Martian (a childhood favourite of Mézières),

Randy Lofficier have also suggested that Poul Anderson's Time Patrol books, about an official organization dedicated to protecting time from interference, are a major influence on the series.[21]

Christin has also cited the

Ed McBain—as an influence on Valérian since they taught him, as a writer, that all characters in a narrative must be seen to have motivations.[18]

Mézières' drawings in the early albums were influenced by such "

Mad magazine),[11] leading Jean-Pierre Andrevon to refer to Valérian as "a kind of Lucky Luke of space-time".[19] As the series progressed, Mézières developed a more realistic style, akin to that of Jijé, though in more recent albums he has returned to the more cartoonish style of the earlier stories.[11]

Legacy

In comics

On the occasion of the 35th edition of the BOUM comic strip festival in Blois (2018), the Denis-Papin staircase was entirely covered by a drawing of Valérian and Laureline

Valérian's arrival on the French comics scene was contemporaneous with the debuts of other notable French science fiction strips including

Métal Hurlant, the highly influential French comics magazine dedicated to science fiction.[23] The influence of Valérian has been noticed in such strips as Dani Futuro [es; de; it] (by Víctor Mora and Carlos Giménez) and Gigantik (by Mora and José Maria Cardona).[11] The visual style of Valérian has also influenced some American comics artists, notably Walt Simonson[11] and Gil Kane.[24] Sometimes the impact of Valérian has gone beyond mere influence; following a complaint by Mézières, the artist Angus McKie admitted that several panels of his strip So Beautiful and So Dangerous were copied from Ambassador of the Shadows.[24]

In other media

Outside of comics, the Valérian series has been particularly influential on science fiction and fantasy film.

Several commentators, such as

The Phantom Menace, kept a set of Valérian albums in his library.[12]

Mézières has also noticed similarities between some of the sets in the 1982 film

Birds of the Master (Les Oiseaux du Maître) and between some of the production sketches for the alien fighters in the 1996 film Independence Day and Valérian and Laureline's astroship.[12]

The 1999

Mifune's Last Song, directed by Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, features a character, Rud, who is a fan of Linda and Valentin (as Valérian is known in Denmark) who believes the character of Liva is in fact Linda (i.e. Laureline).[30]

Jean-Claude Mézières himself has worked as a concept artist on a number of science fiction film projects. The first of these was in 1984 for director

La Nuit des temps (The Ice People). The film was never made. This was followed, in 1985, by a proposed adaptation of Arkady and Boris Strugatsky's novel Hard to Be a God for director Peter Fleischmann. This film was eventually finished in 1989 though Mézières' concepts for the film were barely used. The art Mézières produced for both projects was later published in Mézières Extras.[12][14]

In 1991 Mézières began work producing concept art for the director

classical elements to the film is similar to the significance the elements have in the two-part Valérian story Métro Châtelet, Direction Cassiopeia and Brooklyn Station, Terminus Cosmos. However, Besson has claimed that he first came up with the idea for the film at the age of 16 which would pre-date the publication of these two albums.[34]

Awards

Valérian and its creators have also received recognition through a number of prestigious awards. Most notably, in 1984, Jean-Claude Mézières was honoured with the

Green Party, at the 1997 Angoulême International Comics Festival.[37] The encyclopedia of the alien creatures found in the Valérian universe Les Habitants du Ciel: Atlas Cosmique de Valérian et Laureline (The Inhabitants of the Sky: The Cosmic Atlas of Valerian and Laureline) received a special mention by the jury at the 1992 Angoulême International Comics Festival in the Prix Jeunesse 9–12 ans (Youth Prize 9–12 years) category.[38]

Valérian has also been nominated for a

Harvey Award in 2005 for The New Future Trilogy, an English-language compilation of three of the albums.[40]

Publication history

See also: List of Valérian and Laureline books

Original publication

Valérian first appeared on 9 November 1967 in issue #420 of the

The Order of the Stones
in 2007, the series now goes under the title Valérian and Laureline.

On 22 January 2010, the last album,

L'OuvreTemps (The Time Opener), was published. With this album the authors concluded the entire comic series with the intention to prevent the series from becoming weak, or staggering behind newer comics. However, Christin has written a 270-page Valérian and Laureline novel, Valérian et Laureline: Lininil a disparu (Valérian and Laureline: Lininil Has Disappeared), and indicated that Valérian and Laureline will continue to live on in a yet unspecified form.[42]

English translations

The first Valérian album to be translated into English was Ambassador of the Shadows which was serialised across four issues of the magazine Heavy Metal in 1981 (Volume 4, Number 10 (January 1981) to Volume 5, Number 1 (April 1981)).[43][44]

Ambassador of the Shadows was later republished in English in album format as were World Without Stars, Welcome to Alflolol and Heroes of the Equinox by the short-lived Dargaud-USA and Dargaud-Canada between 1981 and 1984 and in the United Kingdom by Hodder-Dargaud in 1984 and 1985.[43]

In 1989 it was announced that NBM Publishing were going to reissue the four English language albums published by Dargaud-USA and also release a translation of Empire of a Thousand Planets but nothing seems to have come of this.[43]

Heroes of the Equinox was republished in July 1996 in black and white by Fantasy Flight Publishing (an offshoot of

Spirou et Fantasio and Lucky Luke.[45]

In November 2004, iBooks published Valérian: The New Future Trilogy, collecting the albums On the Frontiers, The Living Weapons and The Circles of Power in one volume reduced to standard American graphic novel size. These were the only Valérian stories iBooks published and the company has since declared bankruptcy.[46]

Since July 2010, UK publisher

Intégrales", of Valérian, slated to launch in 2017 as Valerian - The Complete Collection.[48] Completed in 2018, each outing in the seven-volume series collects 3-4 titles of the original individual book releases. An international effort, Cinebook's release was, save for the language, identical to the ones concurrently released in French, Dutch, Portuguese (Brazil only), and Standard Chinese.[49]

In other languages

Many of the Valérian stories have, be it in part or in whole as a series, been translated from their original French into several other languages besides English, including German (as Valerian und Veronique), Dutch (as Ravian: Tijd/ruimte-agent), the Scandinavian languages (Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish) (as Linda og/och Valentin), Finnish (as Valerian ja Laureline and previously as Avaruusagentti Valerianin seikkailuja), Spanish, Portuguese (as Valérian, agente espácio-temporal), Serbian (as Valerijan), Italian, Turkish, Polish, Indonesian and Standard Chinese.[5] "Intégrale' editions have been published in several of these languages as well, of which the later, aforementioned Cinebook version and those of its international companions incidentally, were merely slightly updated editions, only enhanced with a long interview with the two creators and film director Luc Besson, spread over the individual volumes of the collection.[49]

Adaptations to other media

Animated television series

Main article: Time Jam: Valerian & Laureline

The notion of making an animated adaptation of Valérian dates back to at least 1976.[12] In 1982, Mézières produced concept art for an episode titled The Asteroids of Shimballil (Les Astéroïdes de Shimballil) which was later published in 2000 as an appendix to the album release of Bad Dreams. In 1991, Dargaud Films financed the production of a three-minute pilot, directed by Bernard Deyriès and animated by Studio 32 in Paris and Luxembourg, but nothing came of this venture. Several stills from this pilot episode were published in Mézières Extras.[14] Another pilot, directed by Florient Ferrier, was made by the French animation studio 2 Minutes in 2001. Nothing came of this attempt either.[50]

An animated series entitled Time Jam: Valerian and Laureline made its debut on Canal+ Family in France on 20 October 2007. In total, forty 26-minute episodes have been made.[51] The series is a Franco–Japanese co-production, directed by Philippe Vidal.[52][53]

The scripts were written by a French team under the supervision of Peter Berts; while Charles Vaucelles was responsible for the realisation of the characters and Vincent Momméja was responsible for the design of the locations and spacecraft.[52] Music is by Alexandre Azzaria.[52] In the French dub of the series Valérian is voiced by Gwendal Anglade and Laureline by Mélodie Orru.[54] Three trailers were released to promote the series: the first on 24 April 2006,[55] the second on 10 October 2006[56] and the third on 30 August 2007.[57]

The series differs from the original comics in that Valerian comes from the year 2417, instead of 2720, and meets Laureline in the year 912 instead of 1000. Whereas in the comics Valerian takes Laureline back to the 28th century without any trouble, in the animated series this results in Earth disappearing from the Solar System.

According to Animation World Network, "Time Jam - Valerian & Laureline sets out to answer the question: Where on Earth has Earth gone? Valerian and Laureline, our two young heroes, seem to be the only representatives of the human race in the unsafe galaxy where the nightmarish Vlagos are conspiring to control the world. Sent out on an assignment by the head of STS (the Spatial-Temporal Service), Valerian and Laureline discover the existence of a time-portal, a mysterious phenomenon, which may hold the key to the recovery of Earth. The series from Dargaud Marina mixes 2D and CGI animation with an anime touch".[58] The series has also been sold to Belgium, Spain, Israel and Morocco.[51]

Feature film

Main article: Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets

In 2012, it was announced that Luc Besson planned to make a movie for the big screen of Valérian and Laureline.[59][60] The film was shot in January 2016 and stars Dane DeHaan and Cara Delevingne. It was released on 21 July 2017.[61][62][63]

See also

•

Franco-Belgian comics


Notes

  1. ^ Italian announcement of final issue
  2. ^ ""Star Wars" a-t-il tout piqué à la BD française ? Le (faux) procès de George Lucas". Franceinfo (in French). 16 December 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
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    ISBN 2-205-04880-5
    .
  7. ^ Mézières, Jean-Claude; Christin, Pierre (1997). "Le Grand Collectionneur". Par les Chemins de l'Espace. Valérian: Agent Spatio-Temporel (in French). Paris: Dargaud.
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  25. ^ Thompson, Kim (2004). "Introduction". In Mézières, Jean-Claude; Christin, Pierre (eds.). Valerian: The New Future Trilogy. New York: iBooks. pp. 1–2.
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Sources

External links

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