Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild

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GBE GM FRS
Rothschild in 1965
Born
Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild

(1910-10-31)31 October 1910
London, England
Died20 March 1990(1990-03-20) (aged 79)
London, England
NationalityBritish
Alma materTrinity College, Cambridge
OccupationBiologist
Political partyLabour
Spouses
Barbara Judith Hutchinson
​
​
(m. 1933, divorced)​
​
​
(m. 1946)​
Children6, including:
Parents
Relatives

Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild,

N M Rothschild & Sons, and an advisor to the Edward Heath and Margaret Thatcher governments of the UK. He was a member of the prominent Rothschild family
.

Biography

Early life

Rothschild was born in

Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild. His father died by suicide when Rothschild was 13 years old. He was educated at Stanmore Park preparatory school (which he later dubbed a "hell hole") and Harrow School, where the combination of archaic privileges and pointless rituals served only to annoy and bore him.[3]

Cambridge and London

At Trinity College, Cambridge, Rothschild read physiology, French, and English, and was considered impressive enough an undergraduate to be spared the rigours of sitting the Natural Sciences Tripos, thus allowing him to embark immediately on a career in scientific research.[a] Working in the Zoology Department, he was awarded a fellowship by Trinity in 1935 and a PhD two years later.[2] He played first-class cricket for the University and Northamptonshire, where his experience of batting against the Nottinghamshire pair of Harold Larwood and Bill Voce he was later to describe as the most alarming of his life.[4] At Cambridge he was known for his playboy lifestyle, driving a Bugatti and collecting art and rare books.[5]

Rothschild joined the

Cambridge Spy Ring.[6] His flat in London was shared with Burgess and Blunt. This later aroused suspicion that he was the so-called Fifth Man in the Cambridge Spy Ring. In 1933, Rothschild gave Blunt £100 to purchase "Eliezer and Rebecca" by Nicolas Poussin.[7] The painting was sold by Blunt's executors in 1985 for £100,000[8] and is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum.[9]

Rothschild inherited his title at the age of 26 following the death of his uncle Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild on 27 August 1937.[2] He sat as a peer in the House of Lords, but spoke only twice there during his life (both speeches were in 1946, one about the pasteurization of milk, and another about the situation in Palestine).[10] In November 1945 he joined the Labour Party.[2][11]

World War II

Rothschild was recruited to work for MI5 during World War II in roles including bomb disposal, disinformation and espionage, winning the George Medal for "dangerous work in hazardous circumstances".[12] He was the head of B1C, the "explosives and sabotage section", and worked on identifying where Britain's war effort was vulnerable to sabotage and counter German sabotage attempts. This included personally dismantling examples of German booby traps and disguised explosives.[13]

With his assistant Theresa Clay, he ran the "Fifth Column" operation, that saw MI5 officer Eric Roberts masquerade as the Gestapo's man in London in order to identify hundreds of Nazi sympathizers.[14]

Cold War, Shell and Think Tank

In Who Paid the Piper? (1999), an account of CIA propaganda during the Cold War, author Frances Stonor Saunders alleges that Rothschild channelled funds to Encounter, an intellectual magazine founded in 1953 to support the "non-Stalinist left" to advance US foreign policy goals.

After the war, he joined the

Royal Dutch/Shell
from 1963 to 1970.

Weizmann Institute, she told Rothschild that she thought that Tomás Harris and Kim Philby were Soviet spies.[15]

When Anthony Blunt was unmasked as a member of the Cambridge Spy ring in 1964, Rothschild was questioned by Special Branch (though Blunt was not publicly identified as a Soviet agent until 1979 in the House of Commons by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher). Rothschild was cleared, and continued working on projects for the British government.[16]

Rothschild was head of the

The Think Tank")[17]
a staff which researched policy specifically for the Government until Margaret Thatcher abolished it.

In 1971 Rothschild was awarded an

Hebrew University.[18] The annual "Victor Rothschild Memorial Symposia
" is named after Rothschild.

Thatcher years and Spycatcher

In the 1980s, Rothschild joined the family bank as chairman in an effort to quell the feuding between factions led by

Evelyn Rothschild and Victor's son, Jacob Rothschild. In this he was unsuccessful as Jacob resigned from the bank to found J. Rothschild Assurance Group (a separate entity, now St. James's Place plc
).

In 1982 he published An Enquiry into the Social Science Research Council at the behest of

Sir Keith Joseph
, a Conservative minister and mentor of Margaret Thatcher.

He continued to work in security as an adviser to Margaret Thatcher.[citation needed]

He appears several times in the book Spycatcher, which he hoped would clear the air over suspicions about his wartime role and the possibility he was involved in the Cambridge spy ring.[citation needed] In early 1987 Tam Dalyell MP used parliamentary privilege to suggest Rothschild should be prosecuted for a chain of events he had "set in train, with Peter Wright and Harry Chapman Pincher" which had led to a "breach of confidence in relation to information on matters of state security given to authors".[19]

He was still able to enter the premises of MI5 as a former employee and was aware of suspicions there was a "mole" in MI5, but felt himself above suspicion. While Edward Heath was Prime Minister, Rothschild was a frequent visitor to Chequers, the Prime Minister's country residence. Throughout Rothschild's life, he was a valued adviser on intelligence and science to both Conservative and Labour Governments.[citation needed]

In his 1994 book The Fifth Man, Australian author Roland Perry asserted that in 1993, after the dissolution of the

Noel Annan, who was criticised by the author Perry for a negative view of the latter's book and claims, writes: "Amid clouds of misstatements he [Perry] relies almost wholly on insinuation and bluster. ... when Andrew Boyle published his book and exposed Blunt, why did Margaret Thatcher acknowledge in the House of Commons the truth about Blunt, but later, in the case of Rothschild, clear him? Mr. Perry is saying she lied to the House. He tries to make much of her curt statement, "I am advised that we have no evidence that he was ever a Soviet spy." It is the only official reply she could have made. In MI5 jargon there was "No Trace" against his name".[22] Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, in The Mitrokhin Archives, make no mention of Rothschild as a Soviet agent and instead identify John Cairncross
as the Fifth Man.

Former KGB controller Yuri Modin denied ever having named Rothschild as "any kind of Soviet agent". "Because he was in MI5 they learned things from him. This doesn't make him the fifth man, and he wasn't," Modin wrote. His own book's title clarifies the name of all five of the Cambridge spy group: My Five Cambridge Friends: Burgess, Maclean, Philby, Blunt, and Cairncross by Their KGB Controller. Since Rothschild had died prior to publication of the Perry book, the family was unable to start a libel action.[23]

Rothschild published two volumes of memoirs, Meditations of a Broomstick (1977) and Random Variables (1984).

Despite being an opposition Labour party peer, in 1987, during the Thatcher Government, Rothschild played a role in the sacking of

Marmaduke Hussey, who was Chairman of the BBC Board of Governors at the time, implied Rothschild initiated the Milne sacking in his autobiography Chance Governs All.[25]

Rothschild took the step of publishing a letter in British newspapers on 3 December 1986 to state "I am not, and never have been, a Soviet agent".

He was an advisor to

Poll Tax Riots
.

Family

In 1933, he married Barbara Judith Hutchinson (1911–1989). [27] They had three children.[28]

In 1946, he married Teresa Georgina Mayor (1915–1996), who had worked as his assistant at MI5.[14] Mayor's maternal grandfather was Robert John Grote Mayor, the brother of English novelist F. M. Mayor and a great-nephew of philosopher and clergyman John Grote. Her maternal grandmother, Katherine Beatrice Meinertzhagen, was the sister of soldier Richard Meinertzhagen and the niece of author Beatrice Webb.[29] They had four children:[28]

Born into a nominally Jewish family, in adult life Rothschild declared himself to be an

Nica de Koenigswarter was a bebop jazz enthusiast and patron of Thelonious Monk and Charlie Parker
.

Honours and awards

Titles

Decorations

Footnotes

  1. ^ He was, however, required as a formality to sit for an ordinary or 'pass' degree.

Notes

  1. doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u168709
    , retrieved 3 August 2021
  2. ^
    Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
    (revised ed.). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
  3. ISBN 0002165120
  4. ^ "Obituaries: Lord Rothschild, A man of many parts - scientist, government adviser and MI5 agent", The Times, 22 March 1990, p. 14.
  5. ^ "Nathaniel Mayer (Victor) Rothschild (1910–1990)". The Rothschild Archive. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  6. ^ Sansom, Ian (16 September 2011). "Great dynasties of the world: The Rothschilds". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 August 2021.
  7. ^ Rose (2003), pp. 47–48.
  8. ^ "Eliezer and Rebecca by Nicolas Poussin". Art Fund. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  9. ^ "Eliezer and Rebecca". Fitzwilliam Museum Collections. 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  10. ^ "Mr Nathaniel Rothschild (Hansard)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  11. ^ "News in Brief", The Times, 12 November 1945, p. 2.
  12. ^ "No. 36452". The London Gazette (Supplement). 4 April 1944. p. 1548.
  13. ISBN 9780747587941
    .
  14. ^
    OCLC 958098293
    .
  15. ^ Solomon, Flora (1984). Baku to Baker Street. London: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. p. 226.
  16. ^ The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography concludes: "The carefree friendships of Rothschild's early Cambridge years that had continued throughout the war cast a shadow over the last decade of his life. The defection of Burgess to Russia and the uncovering of Blunt as a Soviet agent exposed Rothschild to innuendo and vilification in press and parliament. Rather than let his name record of public service speak for themselves, he sought unwisely to clear himself through the testimony of Peter Wright, an investigator employed by MI5 had every reason to know of his innocence. Clandestine association with so volatile a character aroused further suspicions that Rothschild had broken the Official Secrets Act. Only after voluntarily submitting himself to a long interrogation by Scotland Yard did he emerge with honour and patriotism intact."
  17. ISBN 978-0-7737-2168-5
    .
  18. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  19. ^ "Official Secrets Act (Prosecution Policy) (Hansard, 6 February 1987)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 6 February 1987. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  20. ISBN 9780283062162
    .
  21. ^ Sheila Kerr: review of Roland Perry, The Fifth Man, in Loch K. Johnson, Richard C. Thurlow, Gary D. Rawnsley, M. R. D. Foot, J. A. Crang, Pauline Elkes, Andrew Rathmell, Simon Tormey, Sheila Kerr, Len Scott, Mark Ellis, James G. Stewart & Keith Jeffery (1997): Book reviews. Intelligence and National Security, 12(2): 203–228. doi:10.1080/02684529708432424.
  22. ^ The Fifth Man - Roland Perry, reply by Noel Annan. New York Review of Books, March, 1995 Issue.
  23. ^ "Rothschild 'spied as the Fifth Man'". The Independent. 22 October 1994. Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
  24. ^ "History of the BBC: Real Lives 1985". BBC.
  25. ISBN 9780333902561
    .
  26. ^ "All the gifts but contentment". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  27. ^ "Family tree of Barbara Judith HUTCHINSON". Geneanet. Retrieved 23 April 2021.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i "The descendants of Charles Rothschild" (PDF). The Rothschild Foster Trust. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 September 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
  29. INM. Archived
    from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  30. ^ Ibrahim, Youssef M. (12 July 1996). "Rothschild Bank Confirms Death of Heir, 41, as Suicide". The New York Times. New York, NY. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
  31. ^ Wilson (1994), p. 466.
  32. ^ Walker, Philip. Views of Brady Street cemetery, London E1. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  33. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1994.0021
    .

References

External links

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