WGBH-TV

Coordinates: 42°18′10.7″N 71°13′4.9″W / 42.302972°N 71.218028°W / 42.302972; -71.218028
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the radio station, see WGBH (FM).
Not to be confused with WGBA-TV.

WGBH-TV
Facility ID72099
ERP34 kW
HAAT362.7 m (1,190.0 ft)
Transmitter coordinates42°18′10.7″N 71°13′4.9″W / 42.302972°N 71.218028°W / 42.302972; -71.218028
Links
Public license information
Websitewww.wgbh.org Edit this at Wikidata

WGBH-TV (channel 2), branded GBH or GBH 2 since 2020,[2] is the primary PBS member television station in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.

Affiliated stations and facilities

WGBH-TV is the

public radio stations WGBH (89.7 FM) and WCRB (99.5 FM) in the Boston area, and WCAI radio (and satellites WZAI and WNAN) on Cape Cod
.

WGBH-TV, WGBX-TV, and the WGBH and WCRB radio stations share studios on Guest Street in northwest Boston's

MA 128) in Needham, Massachusetts, on the former candelabra tower, which is shared with Fox affiliate WFXT and serves as a full power backup facility for sister station WGBX-TV as well as CBS owned-and-operated station WBZ-TV, ABC affiliate WCVB-TV, NBC O&O WBTS-CD (which itself shares spectrum with WGBX) and independent station WSBK-TV
.

History

For more on the history of the Lowell Institute Cooperative Broadcasting Council, see John Lowell Jr. (philanthropist).

Organization and first broadcasts (1951–1955)

The WGBH Educational Foundation received its first broadcast license for radio in April 1951 under the auspices of the Lowell Institute Cooperative Broadcasting Council, a consortium of local universities and cultural institutions, whose collaboration stems from an 1836 bequest by textile manufacturer John Lowell, Jr. that called for free public lectures for the citizens of Boston. WGBH (FM) first signed on the air on October 6, 1951, with a live broadcast of a performance by the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

The

non-commercial educational use. WGBH subsequently applied for and received a license to operate on that channel. The WGBH Educational Foundation obtained initial start-up funds for WGBH-TV from the Lincoln and Therese Filene Foundation.[3]

The station's

callsign refers to Great Blue Hill (the highest point in the Boston area at an elevation of 635 feet (194 m)), a location in Milton that served as the original location of WGBH-TV's transmitter facility and where the transmitter for WGBH radio continues to operate to this day.[a]

WGBH-TV first signed on the air at 5:20 pm on May 2, 1955, becoming the first

children's program hosted by Tony Saletan and Mary Lou Adams, which was filmed at Tufts Nursery Training School.[4] Channel 2 originally served as a member station of the National Educational Television and Radio Center (NETRC), which evolved into National Educational Television
(NET) in 1963; for its first few years on the air, channel 2 only broadcast on Monday through Fridays between 5:30 and 9 p.m.

First studios near MIT (1956–1961)

For the first six years, operations were based out of studio facilities located at 84

sound engineers.[5]

In 1957, Hartford N. Gunn Jr. was appointed general manager of WGBH; he would later earn the Corporation for Public Broadcasting's Ralph Lowell Award for his achievements in programming development.[6] Under Gunn, who would serve until February 1970, WGBH made significant investments in technology and programming to improve the station's profile, and set out to become a major producer of public television.

In February 1957, WGBH expanded its programming to weekends for the first time, adding a four-hour schedule on Sunday afternoons from 2:30 to 6:30 p.m. (its sign-on time on Sundays was later extended to 11 a.m. that May). In March 1958, channel 2 began offering academic instructional television programs, with the debut of eight weekly science programs aimed at students in the sixth grade, which were televised "in some 48 separate school systems in and around the Boston area". In November of that year, the station installed a new full-power transmitter donated by Westinghouse, which increased channel 2's transmitting power to 100,000 watts.[4]

Fire and recovery (1961–1969)

During the early morning hours of October 14, 1961, a large fire devastated the Cambridge studios of WGBH-TV and WGBH radio.

Greyhound bus, and had begun refitting it as a mobile TV studio. It was parked behind the 84 Massachusetts Avenue building but somehow survived the disaster, and became a vital temporary facility for continued operations.[5]

Until the WGBH Educational Foundation was able to build a new studio complex to replace the destroyed former building, the two stations arranged to operate from temporary offices, and had to produce their local programming from the studio facilities of various television stations in the Boston area and southern New Hampshire. WGBH-TV maintained a splintered operation, basing its

WENH-TV (channel 11) in Durham, New Hampshire.[8][7][9]

Several area universities also chipped in to temporarily house other operations displaced by the fire: WGBH's scenic department was relocated to

WNAC-TV (channel 7, now defunct; allocation now occupied by independent station WHDH that is unrelated to the above-mentioned WHDH-TV, which its channel is now used by WCVB-TV) also provided technical and production assistance to the WGBH television and radio stations until a permanent facility was built to reintegrate the stations' operations.[4][10]

On August 29, 1963, WGBH-TV and WGBH radio both began operating from a new studio facility for the stations that was built at 125 Western Avenue in Boston's Allston neighborhood (the post office box address that the station adopted at that time – P.O. Box 350, Boston, MA 02134 – would become associated with a jingle used on the WGBH-produced children's program, ZOOM, both in its 1972 and 1999 adaptations, exhorting viewers to send in ideas for use on the show[11]).

On June 18, 1966, WGBH-TV relocated its transmitter to a broadcast tower in Needham, Massachusetts, The following year on September 25, 1967, WGBH-TV gained a sister television station in the Boston area, WGBX-TV (channel 44), which has transmitted its signal from the Needham site since the station signed on. WGBX's digital signal on UHF channel 32 shares the master antenna at the very top of the tower with several commercial stations in the market, while WGBH-TV's channel 5 digital transmitter operates from a different tower on Cabot St, also in Needham.[12][13]

The launch of WGBX was one facet of a plan developed by the WGBH Educational Foundation in the late 1960s to operate a network of six non-commercial television stations around Massachusetts. However, these plans never materialized in their intended form; besides WGBX, the only other station that ultimately made it on the air was

New Bedford and Worcester
.

On the night of April 5, 1968, WGBH-TV (at roughly three hours' notice) broadcast a

Kevin White, who was worried that the concert would set off a riot, and certain that cancellation would be worse, contacted WGBH to air the concert on TV, and told the public to stay home and watch, helping prevent boycotts in the region. The concert would later be seen numerous times in the following days, helping the Boston area stay in peace.[14]

PBS affiliation and expansion (1970–2006)

WGBH newsroom

In 1970, longtime WGBH general manager Hartford N. Gunn Jr. resigned, to become founding President of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). This new organization was launched as an independent entity to supersede NET (which itself was integrated into its Newark, New Jersey outlet, WNDT (now WNET), per request by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting) and assumed many of the functions of its predecessor network. WGBH itself joined the new network. Over time, WGBH became a pioneer in public television, producing many programs that were seen on NET and later, PBS, that either originated at the station's studio facilities or were otherwise produced by channel 2.

On October 31, 2003, WGBH launched Boston Kids & Family TV, a PBS Kids Channel-affiliated local cable service that was developed in partnership with the City of Boston. Available to Comcast and RCN subscribers, the service took over channel space previously occupied by one of the city's cable access channels, which carried a mix of public affairs programs, footage of city-sponsored events, and mayoral press conferences (some of the aforementioned content was moved to the city-managed Educational Channel). Boston Kids & Family carried a mix of children's programs produced by WGBH and other distributors—which were scheduled to avoid simulcasts with WGBH-TV or WGBX-TV—daily from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m., and a repeating block of telecourse programs aimed at adults from 8 p.m. to 7 a.m.[15][16] The channel intended to affiliate the subchannel with the planned PBS Kids Go! network, which was scheduled to launch in October 2006; however, PBS scuttled plans to launch the Kids Go! network prior to its launch (opting only to launch the brand as an afternoon-only sub-block within PBS's existing children's program lineup).[17] After PBS Kids ceased network operations, Boston Kids & Family was replaced by The Municipal Channel, which carried much of the programming offered by the service prior to the WGBH partnership.

As WGBH's operations grew, the 125 Western Avenue building proved inadequate to support it and its sister stations; some administrative operations were moved across the street to 114 Western Avenue, with an overhead pedestrian bridge connecting the two buildings. By 2005, WGBH had facilities in more than a dozen buildings in the Allston area.[18] The station's need for more studio space dovetailed with Harvard Business School's desire to expand its adjacent campus; Harvard already owned the land on which the WGBH studios were located, which the university had donated to WGBH for use to construct the Western Avenue facility in 1962 at a value of $250,000.[19]

New studios in Brighton and Back Bay (2007–present)

Guest Street entrance to the WGBH studios

WGBH built a new studio and headquarters complex, designed by

Brighton neighborhood of Boston. The building, inaugurated in June 2007, spans the block of Market Street from Guest Street to North Beacon Street (1 Guest Street, where the lobby entrance of the new studio building is located, is the building's postal address), with radio studios facing pedestrian traffic on Market Street. The outside of the building carries a 30-by-45-foot (9.1 m × 13.7 m) "digital mural" LED screen, which displays a different image each day to automotive and rail commuters along the nearby Massachusetts Turnpike.[20]

Television and radio programs continued to be recorded at the Western Avenue studios until the WGBH stations completed the migration of their operations into the new facility in September 2007.

Harvard Innovation Lab.[23]

WGBH-TV ended regular programming on its analog signal, over

UHF channel 19, using virtual channel 2.[24][25] The FCC allowed WGBH-TV to run a DTV nightlight service until June 26, 2009.[26] The DTV nightlight program consisted of an episode of This Old House which provided information regarding the digital television transition, which looped until the analog signal was turned off.[27] However, the nightlight service had actually continued to run until around 12:07 a.m. on July 13, 2009, when its analog signal was turned off permanently.[28]

In 2016, WGBH opened a new remote television and radio studio on the first floor of the newly-renovated Johnson Building of the

Back Bay neighborhood of Boston. The facilities included a dedicated area of approximately 800 square feet (74 m2)[29] for a news desk, three TV cameras, nine video monitors, radio microphones, and a news ticker, all open to public view.[30] The remainder of the 4,500 square feet (420 m2) space[29] is shared with the "Newsfeed Cafe", a fast-casual restaurant which is open during and outside of studio operational hours.[30] The facility is believed to be the first collaboration between a library and a permanent on-site news organization studio.[31] The space is used for twice-weekly live broadcasts of Boston Public Radio with Jim Braude and Margery Eagan, weekly taping of Greater Boston, and various special events, such as live music performances, poetry recitals, and interviews with book authors.[32][33]
Events are generally open to the public and free of charge.

Logo and soundmark

  • Secondary logo used for station branding until the early-2000s, used again until 2010
    Secondary logo used for station branding until the early-2000s, used again until 2010
  • WGBH 2 logo from 2010 to 2020. The main portion of the logo had been used since 1974 as a national and corporate logo.
    WGBH 2 logo from 2010 to 2020. The main portion of the logo had been used since 1974 as a national and corporate logo.

On August 27, 2020, it was announced that the WGBH Educational Foundation would re-brand all of its operations as "GBH", with WGBH-TV subsequently re-branding from "WGBH 2" to "GBH 2". The organization felt that the inclusion of the "W" prefix was too synonymous with terrestrial broadcasting, and did not reflect its current multi-platform operations.[34] WGBH also cited that "GBH" was already commonly-used as a shorthand name for the station.[2] Along with the rebrand came a modified version of its iconic wordmark logo, in use since 1974.

External videos
video icon 1977 production credit
video icon 2013 station ID
video icon Current production credit since 2020
video icon Mini-documentary on evolution of logo

Since the early 1970s, WGBH has used a distinctive

crescendo. The sound has been updated periodically by manipulating the original recording with modern tools through the years, most recently in 2020.[34][35][36]

Programming

As a PBS member station, much of WGBH-TV's program schedule consists of educational and entertainment programming distributed by PBS to its member stations, including non-WGBH productions such as the

PBS NewsHour, the Nightly Business Report, Sesame Street, Peg + Cat, and Nature; it also carries programs distributed by American Public Television
and other sources to fill its schedule, alongside programs produced for exclusive local broadcast in the Boston market.

WGBH features a mix of live-action and animated children's programs produced by the station and other distributors between 6 a.m. and 5 p.m., as well as on Saturday and Sunday mornings. The remainder of its weekday lineup includes a two-hour block of news and travel programs leading into prime time, with documentary, arts and entertainment programs provided by PBS shown Sunday through Fridays during prime time (encores of WGBH national productions typically air on Saturday evenings). Programming on Saturday afternoons focuses heavily on cooking and home improvement how-to shows (at one point, the station's Saturday afternoon lineup was branded as "How 2 Saturday"), while Sunday afternoons focus mainly on travel shows along with some how-to programs.

Original productions

For the better part of its history, WGBH-TV has been a major producer of programming for PBS and its predecessor, NET. Channel 2 produces more than two-thirds of the programs that PBS distributes nationally to its member stations. Among them are longstanding PBS mainstays such as Nova, Frontline, Masterpiece, American Experience, The Victory Garden, and This Old House.

Other notable programs originated by WGBH have included

costume drama
miniseries produced on-location that was the first challenger to the British dominance in such programming in America, and was PBS's highest-rated series for many years). The station has co-produced many other period dramas in conjunction with British production companies. Broadcasts of concerts by the Boston Symphony established the genre as a staple on television.

WGBH has also engaged in several experiments in programming and technology that have become standard in television, including:

  • Nam June Paik's wild morphing of the television image, and antic adventures in narrative story-telling (What's Happening, Mr. Silver?, Nine Heroes)
  • Ron Hays' use of slit-scan imagery inspired by the yearning, driving themes of Wagner's Liebestod
  • The two-screen color stereo dance program CITY/motion/space/game.
  • Arts series produced in collaboration with Boston's Museum of Fine Arts (Museum Open House, Images, Eye-to-Eye) set the bar for the medium and were a major contributing force in "video art".
  • The Workshop for New Television developed works in dance (Dan Wagoner's George's House) and in drama (Mary Feldhaus-Weber's RED, BLUE, GOLD).

Notable general-audience programs produced by WGBH

Notable children's programs produced by WGBH

Notable alumni of WGBH productions

WGBH alumni maintain a website where stories and photographs are shared; reunions were held in 2000 and 2006.

Technical information

Subchannels

Subchannels of WGBH-TV and WFXZ-CD[37]
License Channel Res. Aspect Short name Programming
WGBH-TV 2.1 1080i
16:9
 WGBH-HD PBS
44.1 WGBX-HD PBS (WGBX-TV)
66.5 480i 16:9 NVSN Nuestra Visión (soon) (WUNI)
WFXZ-CD 24.1 480i 16:9 WFXZ Biz Television
  Simulcast of subchannels of another station
  Broadcast on behalf of another station

The PBS subchannel is offered in ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) format from the transmitter of WUNI.[38]

Note that due to WGBX's channel share agreement with NBC's WBTS-CD, WGBH instead carries the high definition feed identified as channel 44.1.

In 2010, WGBH-TV became the first television station in the Boston market to provide a

mobile DTV signal. It transmits two free-to-air channels using the ATSC-M/H standard, at 2.75 Mbit/s, with its first subchannel labelled as "WGBH CH 2".[39][40][41]

WGBH-DT2

WGBH launched a

standard definition
simulcast of its analog feed. The station discontinued the SD simulcast of channel 2.1 on April 17, 2012, when WGBH-DT2 re-assumed the local affiliation rights to World, which was simulcast on WGBX-DT2 for several months after the switch, before the former subchannel became its exclusive Boston outlet.

WGBH-DT3

WGBH launched a tertiary subchannel on virtual channel 2.3 in 2005, which offered

letterboxed
format. WGBH decommissioned the DT3 feed in 2010.

Spectrum auction repacking

In a list announcing the winning bids for stations which participated in the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction released by the FCC on April 13, 2017, WGBH-TV was disclosed to have agreed to sell a portion of the broadcast spectrum allocated to its UHF channel 19 digital signal for a bid of $161,723,929;[43] in a statement, the station said it would "use the proceeds to expand its educational services to children and students, further its in-depth journalism, and strengthen its modest endowment."[44] The station also consigned to move its digital allocation to a low-band VHF channel; the FCC assigned VHF channel 5 (the former analog channel allocation of WCVB-TV) as the post-repack digital allocation to which WGBH was reassigned once the repacking of auction and repack participant stations were occurred on August 2, 2019. WGBH-TV's post repack facility on VHF 5 is located at the nearby American Tower owned facility on Cabot Street, also in Needham.[45]

Because the VHF channel 5 signal was significantly weaker than the prior UHF channel 19 signal, the repack initially left many over-the-air viewers in the Greater Boston area unable to receive the station's primary broadcasts on WGBH 2.1 and WGBX 44.1. A notice posted on the station's website in August 2018 stated that a power upgrade was forthcoming which would boost the signal from 6.9 kW to 34.5 kW, but that the upgrade was "temporarily on hold, pending the mitigation of the COVID-19 pandemic".[46] In the spring of 2021, the upgrade to 34.5 kW was finally completed,[47] but a VHF antenna specifically designed to receive low-band signals (channels 2-6), such as an FM dipole antenna, is now required for most viewers.

Former translator

WGBH formerly operated a low-power translator in Hyannis, W08CH (channel 8), which later ceased operations.[when?] The translator's license and callsign were deleted by the FCC in 2004.[48]

Television stations

WGBX-TV

Main article: WGBX-TV

WGBH-TV operates a secondary station in the Boston market, WGBX-TV (channel 44), which signed on the air on September 25, 1967. The station's schedule focuses on program genres not covered by WGBH-TV. Reruns of programs aired the previous evening on WGBX and WGBH-TV also make up a portion of the station's programming schedule. WGBX also maintains several digital subchannels that rebroadcast programs produced by WGBH and other PBS member stations, and serves as a multiplex station which also rebroadcasts NBC station WBTS-CD throughout the entire Boston market.

WGBY-TV

Main article: WGBY-TV

GBH also owns

WGBY (channel 57), the PBS member station for the Springfield, Massachusetts
, market, which signed on the air on September 26, 1971. It was run separately from the Boston operations of WGBH television and radio and WGBX-TV.

In 2019, the station became part of New England Public Media, a joint venture with the local NPR station WFCR.[49][50]

Media Access Group

Since its creation in 1990, WGBH's Media Access Group is a leading provider of

Descriptive Video Service, and is the main provider for audio description
soundtracks that give blind and low-vision viewers details about events occurring on-screen within an individual program, which can be found on streaming services as well as PBS stations, select broadcast networks and cable channels.

Online resources

The internet is WGBH's third platform; all radio and television programs produced by the stations have web components that are available at wgbh.org. The WGBH website also incorporates "web-only" productions:

See also

Notes

  1. Harvard
    ", although the station's connections with the university are at best indirect; Harvard was one of several Boston-area universities which took part in the Lowell Institute Cooperative Broadcasting Council and rented space to WGBH on Western Avenue in Allston for the station's studio operations.

References

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  2. ^ a b Wyllie, Julian (August 31, 2020). "To change with the times, WGBH drops its 'W' and pivots to purple". Current. Retrieved August 31, 2020. WGBH in Boston is removing the "W" from its branding to become "GBH." [...] The legal name for the organization will remain the WGBH Education Foundation. The "W" will also remain in its FCC registration.
  3. ^ Yankl Stillman (September 2004). "Jewish Currents – Edward Filene: Pioneer of Social Responsibility". JewishCurrents. Archived from the original on August 4, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2013.
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  6. ^ "Ralph Lowell Award". Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
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  8. ^ "Fire Ravages WGBH" (PDF). The Tech. October 18, 1961. Retrieved September 12, 2007.
  9. ^ "The 1961 WGBH Fire". WGBH-TV. WGBH Educational Foundation. January 1, 2007.
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  11. Public Broadcasting Service
    . 1998. Retrieved July 20, 2017.
  12. ^ "FCCInfo Facility Search Results".
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  16. ^ Jeremy Egner (April 3, 2006). "World and Go! streams flow into PBS plans". Current. Current LLC. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
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  18. ^ "WGBH Headquarters". Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  19. The Crimson. Harvard University
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  26. ^ "UPDATED List of Participants in the Analog Nightlight Program" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. June 12, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2024.
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  28. ^ WCVB-TV (analog) from beginning to end. | RadioDiscussions. July 13, 2009. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
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  30. ^ a b Clauss, Kyle Scott (September 27, 2016). "WGBH's Broadcast Studio and Cafe Inside the Boston Public Library Opens This Week". Boston Magazine. Metro Corp. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  31. ^ "WGBH partnership". Urban Libraries Council. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  32. ^ "GBH Studio". Boston Public Library. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  33. ^ "BPL Studio Calendar". GBH. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  34. ^ a b "Beyond Broadcast". WGBH. Archived from the original on August 31, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  35. ^ Northrop, Daphne (2020). "GBH's Iconic "Sting" Gets A Facelift". GBH. Archived from the original on November 15, 2023. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
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  38. ^ "Digital TV Market Listing for WUNI". RabbitEars. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
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  40. ^ "Mobile DTV Station Guide". MDTVSignalMap.com. Archived from the original on October 17, 2016. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  41. ^ "Mobile TV takes three steps forward in Asia, North America, one step back in Europe". Broadcast Engineering. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
  42. Current. Current LLC. December 19, 2005. Archived from the original
    on April 26, 2016. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
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  47. ^ "WGBH Upgrades COMARK PARALLAX VHF DTV Band 1 Transmitter". The Broadcast Bridge. June 2, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
  48. ^ "Call Sign History". CDBS Public Access. Federal Communications Commission. Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved February 19, 2006.
  49. masslive.com
    . Retrieved April 11, 2019.
  50. ^ Falk, Tyler (April 11, 2019). "New England Public Radio and WGBY to combine operations". Current. Retrieved April 11, 2019.
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  52. ^ "About the AAPB". americanarchive.org. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
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