Westbrook Pegler

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Westbrook Pegler
Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.
DiedJune 24, 1969(1969-06-24) (aged 74)
Tucson, Arizona, U.S.
Pen nameWestbrook Pegler
Occupationsyndicated newspaper columnist
SpouseJulia Harpman Pegler (first), Maude Wettje Pegler (second)

Francis James Westbrook Pegler (August 2, 1894 – June 24, 1969) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning U.S. journalist described as "one of the godfathers of right-wing populism".[1] He was a newspaper columnist popular in the 1930s and 1940s for his opposition to the New Deal, labor unions, and anti-lynching legislation.[2]

As an ardent proponent of

Hearst Corporation, after he started criticizing Hearst executives. His late writing appeared sporadically in publications that included the John Birch Society's American Opinion.[4][5]

Background

James Westbrook Pegler was born on August 2, 1894, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Frances A. (Nicholson) and Arthur James Pegler, a local newspaper editor.[5]

Career

FDR so intensely that he lamented the failed assassination attempt on him by Giuseppe Zangara (pictured here in 1933 mugshots).[6]

Journalism career

Westbrook Pegler was the youngest American war correspondent during

United Press Service.[5][7] In 1918, he joined the United States Navy.[5] In 1919, he became a sports writer for United News (New York).[5]

In 1925, Pegler joined the

Scripps Howard syndicate (through 1944[5]), with his inaugural column opposing the passage of an anti-lynching bill that was before Congress, in which he first coined the term "bleeding heart liberal" to describe the proponents of the bill attempting to outlaw lynching at the federal level.[8]

Pegler worked closely with his friend

labor unions.[5] The same year, he finished third (behind Franklin Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin) for Time‘s "Man of the Year
".

In 1944, Pegler moved his syndicated column to the

Hearst's King Features Syndicate. He continued there to 1962.[5]

Contempt for Franklin Roosevelt

Pegler supported President

Franklin Delano Roosevelt initially but, after seeing the rise of fascism in Europe, he warned against the dangers of dictatorship in America and became one of the Roosevelt administration's sharpest critics for what he saw as its abuse of power. Thereafter he rarely missed an opportunity to criticize Roosevelt, his wife Eleanor Roosevelt, or Vice President Henry A. Wallace. The New York Times stated in his obituary that Pegler lamented the failure of would-be assassin Giuseppe Zangara, whose shot missed FDR and killed the mayor of Chicago instead. He "hit the wrong man" when gunning for Franklin Roosevelt.[6]

Pegler's views became more conservative in general. He was outraged by the New Deal's support for labor unions, which he considered morally and politically corrupt.[6]

Opposition to the New Deal

At his peak in the 1930s and 1940s, Pegler was a leading figure in the movement against the New Deal and its allies in the labor movement,[6] such as the National Maritime Union. He compared union advocates of the closed shop to Hitler's "goose-steppers." The NMU sued Hearst and Associated Press for an article by Pegler, settled out of court for $10,000.[10] In Pegler's view, the corrupt labor boss was the greatest threat to the country.

By the 1950s, Pegler was advocating government dissolution of the

fascistic in nature, he could, in his words, "see advantages in such fascism."[11][12]

Support for removal of Japanese and Japanese-Americans from the West Coast

At the beginning of World War II, Pegler expressed support for moving Japanese-Americans and Japanese citizens out of California, writing "The Japanese in California should be under guard to the last man and woman right now and to hell with habeas corpus until the danger is over." [13]

Feud with Eleanor Roosevelt

Westbrook Pegler (lower left) shared George T. Bye (upper right) as literary agent with Eleanor Roosevelt (lower right) and Deems Taylor (upper left), shown here at the home of Lowell Thomas at Quaker Lake, Pawling, New York (1938)

After 1942 Pegler assailed Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt regularly, calling Mrs. Roosevelt "La boca grande", or "the big mouth". The Roosevelts ignored his writings, at least in public.

Recent scholars (including Kenneth O'Reilly, Betty Houchin Winfield, and Richard W. Steele) have reported that Franklin Roosevelt used the FBI for the purposes of wartime security, and ordered sedition investigations of isolationist and anti-New Deal newspaper publishers (such as William Randolph Hearst and the Chicago Tribune's Robert R. McCormick). On Dec. 10, 1942, FDR, citing evidence Eleanor Roosevelt had gathered, asked the FBI's J. Edgar Hoover to investigate Pegler, which it did; the bureau eventually reported that it had found no sedition.[14] In the end, nothing came of it except Pegler's lifelong distaste for Eleanor Roosevelt, often expressed in his column.

Pulitzer Prize and anti-union activism

In 1941 Pegler became the first columnist to win a Pulitzer Prize for reporting, for his work in exposing racketeering in Hollywood labor unions, focusing on the criminal career of Willie Bioff and the link between organized crime and unions.[5] Pegler's reporting led to the conviction of George Scalise, the president of the Building Service Employees International Union who had ties to organized crime.[15] Scalise was indicted by New York District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey, charged with extorting $100,000 from employers from three years. Convicted of labor racketeering, Scalise was sentenced to 10–20 years in prison.[16]

As historian David Witwer has concluded about Pegler, "He depicted a world where a conspiracy of criminals, corrupt union officials, Communists, and their political allies in the New Deal threatened the economic freedom of working Americans."[17]

In the winter of 1947, Pegler started a campaign to draw public attention to the 'Guru Letters' of former Vice-President Henry A. Wallace, claiming they showed Wallace's unfitness for the office of President he had announced he would seek in 1948. Pegler characterized Wallace as a "messianic fumbler," and "off-center mentally." There was a personal confrontation between the two men on the subject at a public meeting in Philadelphia in July 1948. Several reporters, including H. L. Mencken, joined in the increasingly aggressive questioning. Wallace declined to comment on the letters, while labelling some of the reporters "stooges" for Pegler.[18] At the conclusion of the meeting, H. L. Mencken acidly suggested that every person named "Henry" should be put to death, offering to commit suicide if Wallace was executed first.

Controversy in later career

In the 1950s and 1960s, as Pegler's conservative views became more extreme and his writing increasingly shrill, he earned the tag of "the stuck whistle of journalism."

White Citizens Council.[11] He was ultimately expelled from the John Birch Society because of his extreme views. However, the Society did put his picture on the cover of its magazine, American Opinion, when he died.[20]

President Harry S. Truman in his famous letter to Paul Hume, music critic for The Washington Post, referred to Pegler as a guttersnipe, and yet a gentleman compared to Hume, for the latter's criticizing his daughter Margaret's singing.

His attack on writer

libel suit against him and his publishers, as a jury awarded Reynolds $175,001 in damages. In 1962, he lost his contract with King Features Syndicate
, owned by Hearst, after he criticized Hearst executives. His late writing appeared sporadically in various publications.

In 1965, referring to Robert F. Kennedy, Pegler wrote: "Some white patriot of the Southern tier will spatter his spoonful of brains in public premises before the snow flies."[21] Kennedy was assassinated three years later, though by a Palestinian Arab.

Personal life and death

Gate of Heaven Cemetery, Hawthorne, New York
.

On August 28, 1922, Pegler, a Roman Catholic, married Julia Harpman, a onetime

Jewish family in Tennessee. She died on November 8, 1955.[5][4] In 1961, he married his secretary Maude Wettje.[5]

Pegler died age 74 on June 24, 1969, in

Cemetery of the Gate of Heaven in Hawthorne, New York.[22]

Awards

Legacy

Parodies

Pegler's distinctive writing style was often the subject of parody. In 1949,

Abraham Lincoln Brigade). Every third sentence or so ended with some variation on “And you know what I think of Eleanor Roosevelt”. The mock column concluded with:

...which brought together such Commie-loving cronies as you know what I think of Eleanor Roosevelt.
It stinks. The whole thing stinks. You stink.[25]

Mad also parodied him as "Westbank Piglet" in one panel (p. 2) of its first comic book parody Superduperman

(issue #4).

Quotes

Interest in Pegler was briefly revived when a line originally written by him appeared in Republican Vice-Presidential nominee Sarah Palin's acceptance speech at the 2008 Republican National Convention in St. Paul, Minnesota.[26] "We grow good people in our small towns, with honesty and sincerity and dignity", she said, attributing it to "a writer."[27] The speech was written by Matthew Scully, a senior speech writer for George W. Bush.[28]

In a column about Palin's use of the quote,

Wall Street Journal columnist Thomas Frank described Pegler as "the all-time champion of fake populism".[29]

Writings

Pegler's literary agent was George T. Bye, who was also Eleanor Roosevelt's agent.

Pegler published three volumes of his collected writings:

  • T'ain't Right, 1936
  • The Dissenting Opinions of Mister Westbrook Pegler, 1938
  • George Spelvin, American and Fireside Chats, 1942

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9781458766717
    . Retrieved 2023-05-15.
  2. ISBN 9781136712531
    . Retrieved 2023-05-15.
  3. ISBN 9780684854533
    . Retrieved 2023-05-15.
  4. ^ a b Farr (1975)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "James Westbrook Pegler Papers". Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  6. ^ a b c d Frank, Thomas (September 10, 2008). "The GOP Loves the Heartland To Death". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  7. ^ Farr, Finis. Fair Enough: The Life of Westbrook Pegler. 1975, New Rochelle NY: Arlington House.
  8. ISBN 9780190466787
    . Retrieved 2023-05-15.
  9. ^ "The Press: Mister Pegler", Time, 10 October 1938.
  10. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-15. Retrieved 2008-10-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ a b McWhorter, Diane (4 March 2004). "Dangerous Minds: William F. Buckley soft-pedals the legacy of journalist Westbrook Pegler in The New Yorker". Slate.
  12. ^ Pegler column in Milwaukee Sentinel Feb. 24, 1954 Archived 2016-03-12 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Masaoka, Mike (1987). They Call Me Moses Masaoka: An American Saga. William Morrow and Company. p. 78.
  14. EBSCO
  15. ^ "The Pulitzer Prizes". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2021-10-14.
  16. S2CID 143544135
    .
  17. ^ Witwer, p.551.
  18. ^ Pegler's column for July 27th, 1948 'In Which Our Hero Beards 'Guru' Wallace In His Own Den.'
  19. ^ Emery, Edwin. The Press and America, Prentice-Hall, 1962, pp.569.
  20. ^ Pilat, Pegler (1973)
  21. ISBN 9780393057775
  22. ^ Whitman, A., "Westbrook Pegler, Caustic Columnist, Dies at 74", The New York Times, June 25, 1969.
  23. ^ Parody of the Virginia O'Hanlon/Francis P. Church exchange in the New York Sun, 1897.
  24. ^ Collected in More in Sorrow, Wolcott Gibbs, 1958. New York: Henry Holt.
  25. ^ Mad Magazine #31
  26. NYTimes.com
    . Retrieved 2008-10-17.
  27. ^ Frank, Thomas (September 10, 2008). "The GOP Loves the Heartland To Death". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2012-11-01.
  28. ^ "The Man Behind Palin's Speech". Time. September 4, 2008. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008.
  29. ^ Frank, T.: "The GOP Loves the Heartland to Death". The Wall Street Journal, September 10, 2008

Further reading

  • Farr, Finis. Fair Enough: The Life of Westbrook Pegler. 1975, New Rochelle NY: Arlington House.
  • slate.com
    .
  • Pilat, Oliver. (1973), Pegler, Angry Man of the Press,
    Greenwood Press
    .
  • Witwer, David. "Westbrook Pegler and the Anti-union Movement", Journal of American History (2005), 92#2.
  • Witwer, David. Shadow of the Racketeer: Scandal in Organized Labor (2009) excerpt and text search
  • See Westbrook Pegler vs. Ed Sullivan, legal citation 6 Az App 338, 432 P. 2d 593 (Arizona Court of Appeals 1967) which dealt with a previous summary judgment ending Pegler's lawsuit against his nemesis Sullivan. This was reversed when Sullivan's New York show in January 1964 "caused an event to occur" in Tucson AZ which was an "invasion of Pegler's privacy". Sullivan was then required to respond in damages.

External links

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