White grouper

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White grouper

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Serranidae
Subfamily: Epinephelinae
Genus: Epinephelus
Species:
E. aeneus
Binomial name
Epinephelus aeneus
Synonyms[2]
  • Serranus aeneus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817
  • Cherna aenea (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
  • Perca robusta Couch, 1832
Epinephelus aeneus juvenile

The white grouper (Epinephelus aeneus) is a species of marine

Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. The white grouper is found in the subtropical eastern Atlantic Ocean and the southern Mediterranean Sea
.

Description

The white grouper has a head which is longer than its body is deep, the

caudal fin is rounded and the body is covered in small scales which are set within thick skin. There are over 90 scales in the lateral line.[4] The overall colour is greenish bronze with darker fins which are brownish purple and have white or pale margins. There are 3 or 4 pale blue or white lines across the gill cover, these can be quite faint in larger adults. The juveniles have faint dark spots on their body which create 5 indistinct dark vertical bars. The juveniles also have indistinct dark spots on the fins.[3] The maximum total length this species has been recorded at is 120 centimetres (47 in), although they are more common at around 60 centimetres (24 in), and the maximum published weight is 25 kilograms (55 lb).[2]

Distribution

The white grouper is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean from southern Portugal and southern Spain south along the western coast of Africa as far south as Angola, including the islands in the Gulf of Guinea. Its occurrence in the Canary Islands and Madeira needs to be verified. It is found in the southern and eastern Mediterranean but appears to be expanding its range northwards being formerly absent north of 44°N in the Adriatic Sea and to be absent from the central Mediterranean but there have been records from Corsica and Monaco, among other recent northerly Mediterranean Sea records.[1] There is a history of vagrancy in this species and the synonym Perca robusta was based on a specimen taken in Cornwall in southwestern England.[3]

Habitat and biology

The white grouper occurs on substrates of rock or mud and sand while the juveniles are found in coastal lagoons and estuaries,

Iskenderun Bay in Turkey, spawning starts in early June and continues up to late August.[1]

Taxonomy

The white grouper was first formally

type locality given as Egypt.[5]

Utilisation

The white grouper is a very important quarry species for fisheries throughout its range, fishermen use hook-and-line and trawls to catch it.

spear guns and lights at night.[1] It has been bred in aquaculture at the Israeli National Center for Mariculture.[3] It is marketed fresh or preserved by smoking.[2]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T132722A100459597.en
    . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Epinephelus aeneus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^
    ISBN 92-5-103125-8
    .
  4. ^ J.C. Hureau. "White grouper (Epinephelus aeneus)". Fishes of the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean. Marine Species Idenitification Portal. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
  5. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Serranus aeneus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
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