Wilhelm Stuckart
Wilhelm Stuckart | |
---|---|
Reich Ministry of the Interior | |
In office 1 April 1938 – 23 May 1945 | |
Chancellor | Adolf Hitler |
Preceded by | Unknown |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | University of Frankfurt am Main | 16 November 1902
Occupation | Lawyer |
Wilhelm Stuckart (16 November 1902 – 15 November 1953) was a German
Early life
Stuckart was born in
Career
From 1930, Stuckart served as a district court judge.
Stuckart's quick rise in the German state administration was unusual for a person of modest background and would have been impossible without his long dedication to the Nazi cause.
On 7 July 1934, Stuckart became the State Secretary and head of the Central Office in the recently established
Part of Stuckart's duties in the Interior Ministry involved providing a legal framework justifying the Nazi expansionist policy under constitutional and international law. On 16 March 1938, Hitler charged him with the management of the office carrying out the unification of Austria with the Reich, and he drafted the implementing decree. He was formally promoted to State Secretary in the Interior Ministry on 1 April 1938. In October, he was similarly charged with administering the transfer of the Sudetenland and, in March 1939, drafted the decree on the formation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.[8]
On 18 August 1939, Stuckart signed a confidential decree regarding the "Reporting Obligations of Deformed Newborns," which became the basis for the Nazi regime's euthanasia of children.[9] Two years later, Stuckart's own one-year-old son, Gunther, who was born with Down syndrome, became a victim of this programme.[10]
Stuckart was a member of the SA from 1932 and applied for membership in the SS in December 1933. On the recommendation of Heinrich Himmler, Stuckart finally transferred to the SS on 13 September 1936 (member number 280,042) with the rank of SS-Standartenführer. He was awarded the Golden Party Badge on 30 January 1939 and was promoted to the rank of SS-Obergruppenführer on 30 January 1944.[8]
As a legal theorist
A prolific writer, Stuckart came to be seen as one of the leading Nazi legal experts, focusing especially on racial laws and
In October 1939, Stuckart was tasked with investigating the comprehensive rationalization of the state administrative structure by
"Generalplan West"
A memorandum written on 14 June 1940 by Stuckart or someone in his vicinity in the Interior Ministry discusses the annexation of certain areas in
Wannsee Conference
Stuckart later represented Wilhelm Frick, the Interior Minister, at the Wannsee Conference on 20 January 1942, which discussed the imposition of the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question in the German Sphere of Influence in Europe".[3] According to the minutes of the conference, Stuckart supported forced sterilization for persons of "mixed blood" instead of extermination.[17]
I have always maintained that it is extraordinarily dangerous to send German blood to the opposing side. Our adversaries will put the desirable characteristics of this blood to good use. Once the half Jews are outside of Germany, their high intelligence and education level, combined with their German heredity, will render these individuals born leaders and terrible enemies.
Stuckart was also concerned about causing distress to German spouses and children of 'interracial' couples.[19]
After World War II
Stuckart served briefly as
After
After being released from captivity, Stuckart went to work as city treasurer in
Death
Stuckart was killed on 15 November 1953 near Hanover, West Germany, in a car accident a day before his 51st birthday. There has been widespread speculation that the "accident" was, in reality, a staged collision targeting Stuckart as a former Nazi involved in Nazi racial and anti-Jewish policies and activities. However, nothing has ever been openly admitted by Mossad or other groups known to have been involved in other attacks on former Nazis.[21]
Personality
Stuckart held firm opinions concerning racial legislation and administrative organisation.[4] At the Ministries Trial, his personal assistant Hans Globke described him as a "convinced Nazi" whose political faith weakened as time went on.[4] From May 1940 onward, Stuckart made several requests to be released from his job to military service in the Wehrmacht, but these were turned down personally by Hitler.[4]
Writings
- Geschichte im Geschichtsunterricht, Frankfurt am Main 1934 ("A History of History Teaching")
- Nationalsozialistische Rechtserziehung, Frankfurt am Main 1935 ("National Socialist Legal Studies")
- Reichsbürgergesetz vom 15. September 1935. Gesetz zum Schutze des deutschen Blutes und der deutschen Ehre vom 15. September 1935. Gesetz zum Schutze der Erbgesundheit des deutschen Volkes (Ehegesundheitsgesetz) vom 18. Oktober 1935. Nebst allen Ausführungsvorschriften und den einschlägigen Gesetzen und Verordnungen, with Hans Globke, Berlin 1936
- Neues Staatsrecht, with Wilhelm Albrecht, Leipzig 1936 ("New State Law")
- Nationalsozialismus und Staatsrecht, Berlin 1937 ("National Socialism and Constitutional Law")
- Verwaltungsrecht, with Walter Scheerbarth, Leipzig 1937 ("Administrative Law")
- Partei und Staat, Vienna 1938 ("The Party and the State")
- Rassen- und Erbpflege in der Gesetzgebung des Dritten Reiches, with Rolf Schiedemair, Leipzig 1938 ("Racial and Hereditary Care in the Legislation of the Third Reich")
- Die Reichsverteidigung (Wehrrecht), with Harry von Rosen, Leipzig 1940 ("Reich Defense (Military Law)")
- Führung und Verwaltung im Kriege, Berlin 1941 ("Leadership and Administration During Wartime")
- Europa den Europäern, 1941 ("Europe For Europeans")
- Neues Gemeinderecht. Mit einer Darstellung der Gemeindeverbände, with Harry von Rosen, Leipzig 1942 ("New Municipal Law")
- Verfassung, Verwaltung und europäische Neuordnung, Bukarest 1942 ("Constitution, Administration and the New European Order")
- Verfassungs-, Verwaltungs- und Wirtschaftsgesetze Norwegens. Sammlung der wichtigsten Gesetze, Verordnungen und Erlasse, with Reinhard Höhn and Herbert Schneider, Darmstadt 1942 ("Constitutional, Administrative and Economic Laws of Norway. Collection of the Most Important Laws, Regulations and Decrees")
- Der Staatsaufbau des Deutschen Reichs in systematischer Darstellung, with Harry von Rosen and Rolf Schiedermair, Leipzig 1943 ("The State Structure of the German Reich: A Systematic Presentation")
See also
- The Wannsee Conference – a 1984 German TV film
- Conspiracy – a 2001 English language film
- Fatherland – an alternate history novel dealing in large part with the Wannsee Conference
- Die Wannseekonferenz - a 2022 German-language TV docudrama
Wilhelm Stuckart is portrayed by actor Peter Fitz in the 1984 German film and actor Colin Firth in the 2001 film.
References
- Rise and Fall of the Third Reich p.426, "Dr Wilhelm Stuckart, an undersecretary in the Ministry of the Interior" (this is at the time of the Anschluss).
- ^ ISBN 0-7864-0792-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Lehrer (2002), p. 172
- ^ ISBN 0-85989-112-7.
- Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Jahrbuch Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Vol. 23, Berlin 1987, p. 422.
- ISBN 978-1-78155-638-2.
- ISBN 978-0-393-33761-7.
- ^ a b c Williams 2017, p. 276.
- ^ Jasch, Hans-Christian. "Civil Service Lawyers and the Holocaust: The Case of Wilhelm Stuckart." The Law in Nazi Germany: Ideology, Opportunism and the Perversion of Justice. Ed. Alan Steinweis, Robert Rachlin. New York: Berghahn, 2013. 37–61.
- ^ Jasch (2013), p. 53
- ^ ISBN 0-521-79266-5.
- ^ a b Noakes (1980), p. 45
- ^ Carl Hermann Ule, "Herrschaft und Führung im nationalsozialistischen Reich", in : Verwaltungsarchiv 45 (1940), pages 193–260.
- ^ a b c d Schöttler, Peter (2003). "'Eine Art "Generalplan West": Die Stuckart-Denkschrift vom 14. Juni 1940 und die Planungen für eine neue deutsch-französische Grenze im Zweiten Weltkrieg". Sozial.Geschichte (in German). 18 (3): 83–131.
- ^ Jäckel, E. (1966). Frankreich in Hitlers, Deutsche Vlg. p. 89
- ^ Fest, Joachim C.: Hitler, pp 688–689. Verlag Ulstein, 1973.
- ISBN 0-521-83875-4.
- ^ a b c Lehrer (2000), p. 82
- ^ a b Gruner (2006), p. 87
- ISBN 978-0465003389. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lehrer (2000), p. 173