New Order (Nazism)

Alfred Rosenberg saw the future structure of Europe in 1934 as the result of a four-power pact formed by the nationalist movements of Italy, France, England, and Germany. The Baltic Sea states (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and the Danube region (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria) should also be included to form an "organic Mitteleuropa".^[22]

Military campaigns in Poland and Western Europe

The initial phase of the establishment of the New Order was:

• First, the signing of the
  raw materials due to an expected British naval blockade
  .
• Second, the Blitzkrieg attacks in northern and western Europe (Operation Weserübung and the Battle of France respectively) to neutralize opposition from the west. This resulted in the conquest of Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, and France, all of which were under German rule by the early summer of 1940.

Had the British been defeated by Germany, the political re-ordering of Western Europe would have been accomplished. There was to be no post-war general

William L. Shirer, however, claims that the British male population between 17 and 45 would have been forcibly transferred to the continent to be used as industrial slave labour (although possibly with better treatment than similar forced labor from Eastern Europe) and the remaining British females were to be impregnated by German soldiers ensuring that Britain would be fully Germanised within one or two subsequent generations.^[29]

The remaining population would have been terrorized, including civilian hostages being taken and the death penalty immediately imposed for even the most trivial acts of resistance, with the UK being plundered for anything of financial, military, industrial or cultural value, being established a Military Administration of England (applied to all areas of the United Kingdom), with the main objective being the transformation of the British economy into Germany's main war workshop.^[30] While German workers sent to England would keep the war machine operating with minimum interruption, with the British industrial production being directed towards the Eastern front. The Germans, according to Shirer, would extract agricultural goods, raw ore, fuel, rubber, textiles, leather and timber.^[31] Also, the Einsatzgruppen, led by Dr. Franz Six, were to be unleashed to round up and execute all political, intellectual and public figures who had previously spoken out against the Nazis and other people who might in the future cause problems for the occupying forces.^[32]

After the war, Otto Bräutigam of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories claimed in his book that in February 1943 he had the opportunity to read a personal report by Wagner regarding a discussion with Heinrich Himmler, in which Himmler had expressed the intention to exterminate about 80% of the populations of France and England by special forces of the SD after the German victory.^[33]

During the proposed invasion of Great Britain through Operation Sea Lion, there were plans to invade neutral Ireland through Operation Green, in which were instructions to dismantle and liquidate any of Ireland’s remaining indigenous political apparatus, intellectual leadership, and any non-Aryan social institutions, with curfews being imposed on the local population, as well as plans to commandeer resources from locals.^[34]

By annexing large

One of the most elaborate Nazi projects initiated in the newly conquered territories during this period of the war was the planned establishment of a "Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation" (Großgermanisches Reich Deutscher Nation).

Immediately prior to Germany's invasion of the

Hitler observed that permanent German bases might be established in Belgrade (possibly to be renamed to Prinz-Eugen-Stadt) and Thessaloniki.^[44] The Reichfestung Belgrad had been referred to in a "great secret memorandum" by Secretary of State and SS Brigade Chief Wilhelm Stuckart in 1941, being about the situation and future fate of Germany in the territories of the former Yugoslavia, based on scripts of 1939 from Werner Lorenz and the Hauptamt Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle.^[45][46] Names such as Prinz-Eugen-Gau, Reichsgau Banat, Donauprotektorat, Schwabenland, Donaudeutschland or Autonomes Siebenbürgen were proposed to designate said territory. This buffer state of Germans of Serbia would have been for the purpose of ensuring permanent German supremacy over the Danube basin, and then, to plan an economic reorganization of the Balkans. The resettlement of Germans in this administrative division was planned to be the logical consequence.^[47][48][49]

Even without the annexation of the Banat to the Greater Germanic Reich, the Southeast European states would have remained only formally independent, while in reality their economic and military domination would have gravitated as satellites in the German hegemonic orbit, in a similar dependency like the Mitteleuropa plans of World War I.

Conquest of Lebensraum in Eastern Europe

And so we National Socialists consciously draw a line beneath the foreign policy tendency of our pre-War period. We take up where we broke off six hundred years ago. We stop the endless German movement to the south and west, and turn our gaze toward the land in the east. At long last we break off the colonial and commercial policy of the pre-War period and shift to the soil policy of the future. If we speak of soil in Europe today, we can primarily have in mind only Russia and her vassal border states.

— Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf on Lebensraum in the East.[50]

Adolf Hitler in Mein Kampf argued in the chapter "Eastern Orientation or Eastern Policy" that the Germans needed Lebensraum in the East and described it as a "historic destiny" which would properly nurture the future generations of Germans. Hitler believed that "the organization of a Russian state formation was not the result of the political abilities of the Slavs in Russia, but only a wonderful example of the state-forming efficacity of the German element in an inferior race." Hitler spoke on 3 February 1933 to the staff of the army and declared that Germany's problems could be solved by "the conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization".^[51] His earlier invasions of Czechoslovakia and Poland can be directly connected to his desire for Lebensraum in Mein Kampf.

Implementation of the long-term plan for the New Order was begun on June 22, 1941 with

German women were encouraged to have as many children as possible to populate the newly acquired Eastern territories. To encourage this fertility policy, the

Gold Honor Cross of the German Mother was instituted, which was awarded to German women who bore at least eight children for the Third Reich. There was also an effort by Martin Bormann and Himmler to introduce new marriage legislation to facilitate population growth, which would have allowed decorated war heroes to marry an additional wife.^[56]

Himmler envisaged a German population of 300,000,000 by 2000.

Rosenberg viewed the political goal of Operation Barbarossa as not merely the destruction of the Bolshevik regime, but the "reversing of Russian dynamism" towards the east (Siberia) and the freeing of the Reich of the "eastern nightmare for centuries to come" by eliminating the Russian state, regardless of its political ideology.^[57] The continued existence of Russia as a potential instigator of pan-Slavism and its suggestive power over other Slavic peoples in the fight between "Germandom" and "Slavism" was seen as a major threat.^[58] This was to be solved by exploiting ethnic centrifugal forces and limiting the influence of "Greater Russiandom" (Großrussentum) by promoting segmentation in the manner of divide and conquer.

In a memorandum sent to Rosenberg in March 1942, Nazi anthropologist

RSHA, to begin the exporting of the faith of the Jehovah's Witnesses to the occupied east.^[61] Himmler considered the Jehovah's Witnesses to be frugal, hard-working, honest and fanatic in their pacifism, and he believed that these traits were extremely desirable for the suppressed nations in the east^[61] – despite some 2,500 and 5,000 Jehovah's Witnesses becoming victims of the Holocaust

.

A series of "semantic guidelines" published by the

Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Tsardom of Russia) was to be called the "Muscovite state", while post-1917 Russia was not to be referred to as an empire or a state at all; the preferred terms for this period were "bolshevik chaos" or "communist elements".^[58] Furthermore, historic expressions such as Little Russia (Ukraine), White Russia (Belarus/White Ruthenia), Russian Sea (for the Black Sea), and Russian Asia (for Siberia and Central Asia) were to be absolutely avoided as terminology of the "Muscovite imperialism".^[58] "Tatars" was described as a pejorative Russian term for the Volga, Crimean, and Azerbaijan Turks which was preferably to be avoided, and respectively replaced with the concepts "Idel (Volga)-Uralian", "Crimean Turks", and Azerbaijanis.^[58]

Re-settlement efforts

Further information: Heim ins Reich and Wehrbauer

Warthegau

By 1942, Hitler's empire encompassed much of Europe, but the territories annexed lacked population desired by the Nazis.

German–Soviet "population exchange" treaty.^[63]

At the end of 1942 a total of 629,000 Volksdeutsche had been re-settled, and preparations for the transfer of 393,000 others were underway.

Romania.^[63] The immigrants were classified either as racially or politically unreliable (settled in Altreich), of high quality (settled in the annexed eastern territories) or suitable for transit camps.^[63] Himmler encountered considerable difficulties with the Volksdeutsche of France and Luxembourg, who often wished to retain their former status as citizens of their respective countries.^[63]

Settlement/resettlement figures on 1 June 1944^[64]

Territory of origin	Total	Re-settled in annexed eastern territories
Estonia and Latvia	76,895	57,249
Lithuania	51,076	30,315
Volhynia , Galicia, Narew	136,958	109,482
Eastern Government-General	32,960	25,956
Bessarabia	93,342	89,201
Northern Bukovina	43,670	24,203
Southern Bukovina	52,149	40,804
Dobruja	15,454	11,812
Romania, Regat	10,115	1,129
Gottschee and Ljubljana	15,008	13,143
Bulgaria	1,945	226
Residual Serbia	2,900	350
Russia	350,000	177,146
Greece	250
Bosnia	18,437	3,698
Slovakia	98
South Tyrol	88,630	Reich, Protectorate, Luxembourg: 68,162
France	19,226	Alsace, Lorraine, Luxembourg, Reich, Protectorate: 9,572
Total	1,009,113	662,448

SS State of Burgundy

According to Felix Kersten's memoirs, Himmler planned to create an SS state in the region of Burgundy, with its own laws, army, government, currency, and its own embassy in Berlin. The state was supposed to have access both to the English Channel and the Mediterranean, and was going to include the old Burgundian possessions, Artois, Hainault, Luxembourg, Lorraine, Franche-Comté, the old Duchy of Burgundy, Dauphiné, Provence, Pícardy, Amiens, Champagne, Reims and Troyes. It would have been governed by a Reich administrator and a Chancellor, and the Order of the Golden Fleece was to be revived, with its grand master being a French SS leader. The state's official languages would be German and French. Burgundy was supposed to be a model Aryan, pan-European state.^[65]

Spain and Portugal

Spanish dictator General

German Cameroon (which angered Hitler the Spanish dare, because he was planning on taking it back)^[68] and Spain would most likely be forced to give up Guinea entirely.^[69] Spain also sought federation with Portugal on common cultural and historical grounds (such as the Iberian Union),^[70] even some Spanish nationalists claimed that "Geographically speaking, Portugal has no right to exist".^[67]

About a hypothetical

Greater Spain in a strategic encirclement of France, considering Spain as Germany's natural ally once again (in reference to Habsburg Spain and Habsburg monarchy alliance) and that their rise of both powers depended on France's downfall. Nazis hoped to make Spain strong enough to be in an equal position like Mussolini's Italy and avoid the status of a Franco-British condominium in geopolitics, hoping that it would be unable to remain neutral in the new order, having to choose between the Italo-German coalition or a french coalition in the future.^[71]

During the summer of 1940, Hitler considered the possibility of occupying the Portuguese territories of

economic colony of Germany. Serrano Suñer was shocked that Germans viewed Spain as a potential satellite state instead of an equal.^[67]

After the Spanish refusal to join the war after Meeting at Hendaye (in which Hitler threatened Franco with a possible annexation of Spanish territory by Vichy France), Spain and Portugal were expected to be invaded and become puppet states. They were to turn over coastal cities and islands in the Atlantic to Germany as part of the Atlantic Wall and to serve as German naval facilities. Portugal was to cede Portuguese Mozambique and Portuguese Angola as part of the intended Mittelafrika colonial project.^[74]

Also, Nazis supported with propaganda the Latin Bloc proposed by Mussolini and approved by Francisco Franco to create a "Rome-Madrid axis" with Vichy French leader Petain.^[75] Their main objective was to defy Britain domain in the Mediterranean region.^[76] However, Mussolini and Franco hoped to balance the power between Latin countries to avoid a German preponderance.^[77]

Plans for other parts of the world outside Europe

Further information: Nazi foreign policy debate

Plans for the establishment of an African colonial dominion

Further information: NSDAP Office of Colonial Policy and Reichskolonialbund

Portuguese colonies

) appear in light blue.

Hitler's geopolitical thoughts about Africa always occupied a secondary position to his expansionist aims in Europe itself. His public announcements prior to outbreak of the war that Germany's former colonies be returned to it served primarily as bargaining chips to further territorial goals in Europe itself. Africa was nevertheless expected to fall under German control in some way or another after Germany had first achieved supremacy over its own continent.^[78]

Hitler's overall intentions for the future organization of Africa divided the continent into three overall. The northern third was to be assigned to its

Bechuanaland and the colony of Southern Rhodesia.^[79] On the division of French African colonies between the Spanish and Italian governments Hitler refused to provide any official promises during the war, however, fearful of losing the support of Vichy France

.

In 1940 the

general staff of the Kriegsmarine (navy) produced a much more detailed plan accompanied by a map showing a proposed German colonial empire delineated in blue (the traditional color used in German cartography to indicate the German sphere of influence as opposed to the red or pink that represented the British Empire) in sub-Saharan Africa, extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean.^[80] The proposed domain was supposed to fulfill the long-sought territorial German goal of Mittelafrika

, and even further beyond. It would provide a base from which Germany would achieve a pre-eminent position on the African continent just as the conquest of Eastern Europe was to achieve a similar status over the continent of Europe.

In contrast to territories that were to be acquired in Europe itself (specifically

Aryan

" purity.

The area included all pre-1914 German colonial territories in Africa, as well as additional parts of the French, Belgian and British colonial holdings in Africa. These included the

Ubangui-Chari, Nigeria, Dahomey, the Gold Coast, Zanzibar, nearly all of Niger and Chad, as well as the naval bases of Dakar and Bathurst.^[81]

A second part of the plan entailed the construction of a huge string of fortified naval and air bases for future operations against the Western hemisphere, spanning much of the Atlantic coastline of Europe and Africa from Trondheim in Norway all the way down to the Belgian Congo, as well as many off-lying islands such as Cape Verde and the Azores. A less extensive but similar initiative was intended for the east coast of Africa.

Division of Asia between the Axis powers

Further information:

Axis power negotiations on the division of Asia during World War II

In 1942, a secret diplomatic conference was held between Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in which they agreed to divide

German Foreign Office and the Kriegsmarine, as it allocated India to Japan and limited Kriegsmarine operations in the Indian Ocean.^[83] Hitler, however, found the treaty acceptable, leading to its signing on 18 January 1942.^[83]

The treaty proved to be detrimental for Axis strategic cooperation in the Indian Ocean, as crossing the boundary line required tedious prior consultation.

Indian Ocean raid had been highly successful along with the attack against Ceylon, but these were not followed due to the non-existent German-Japanese strategic cooperation.^[84] The Germans vigorously maintained watch on the demarcation line and objected to any Japanese incursion to the "German sphere" of the Axis-divided world.^[84] Thus the Japanese were forced to cancel a planned massive attack against Madagascar, as the island had been delegated to Germany in the treaty.^[84]

Concession of Oceania to Japan

Further information: Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Germany's

Anglo-Saxons of these two countries as colonists for the conquered east; some of the English were to share the same fate.^[86][90]

Middle East and Central Asia

Further information: Führer Directive No. 30 and Fritz Grobba

After the projected fall of the Soviet Union, Hitler planned to intensify the

Einsatzgruppe Egypt).^[94]

Soviet Black Sea Fleet.^[96] Crimea (tentatively dubbed Gotenland by the Nazis) was nevertheless to be fortified to ensure permanent German possession of the peninsula, and the Black Sea exploited as an "unlimited" resource of seafood.^[98] However, according to documents found in the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories, Nazis saw pan-Turkism as a threat to the control of Asia between Aryans against Non Aryans (like Turkic peoples), and there were plans, like Gertrude operations, that considered the split of Turkey (between Bulgaria, Greece, Vichy France, Iraq and the proposed puppet states of Great Armenia and Georgia) if they did not cooperate with the Axis new order in their control of Anatolia and support to the Iraqi coup d'etat. Turkey would be reduced to a similar territory like in the Treaty of Sèvres in that consequence of events against the German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship.^[99]

Also, some Nazi leaders were convinced of the necessity of restoring Armenia as an independent country (with German protection) against the menace of the Soviet Union, the Armenian Legion being promised the restoration of Greater Armenia. This project could have been a balancing idea against Turkish aspirations in the Caucasus about an unification with Azerbaijan under the name of "Büyük Turan" [Great Turan, with would pose a threat to Germany and their aspirations.^[100][101] However, Hitler did not trust to Armenian aspirations, considering as very risky the formation of purely Caucasian battalions and making these kinds of promises to the Ostlegionen, preferring instead to support Muslims.^[102]

Allied-occupied Iran was also to be drawn into the Axis camp, possibly by the means of an uprising.^[92] The possibility of Iran as an anti-Soviet bastion was already considered in the 1930s, and coincided with Hitler's declaration of Iran as an "Aryan country" (the name Iran literally means "homeland of the Aryans" in Persian). The changing of Persia's name to Iran in 1935 was done by the Shah at the suggestion of the German ambassador to Iran as an act of "Aryan solidarity".^[103] However the Iranians had always called their country "Iran", a name that predated the rise of Nazi Germany by more than a thousand years.^[104] In 1936, the Hitler cabinet declared Iranians to be immune to the Nuremberg Laws, as they were considered to be "pure Aryans".^[105] On the eve of World War II Germany was already Iran's single-biggest trading partner, followed by the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and the United States.^[103] In 1939, Nazi Germany sent over 7500 books with racial tones advocating for greater collaboration between Persians and Germans. The German Scientific Library contained over 7500 books selected "to convince Iranian readers... of the kinship between the National Socialist Reich and the Aryan culture of Iran".^[106] In the new order, Hitler personally promised that, after the defeat of Soviet Union, he would return all of the Persian land taken by Russians (during the Russo-Persian Wars of nineteenth and twentieth centuries). Also, the economic plans of Hjalmar Schacht for the global outreach of the Nazi economy coincided with the nationalist desires of Reza Shah's Iran for industrial modernization, investing a lot of capital for Iranian infrastructure. Iran, Afghanistan, and Turkey were planned to be part of a "northern tier" of buffer states, against the Soviet global menace, in which economic interests of each country were of primary importance, instead of only German interests.^[107][108] The Aryan sense of friendship also assisted in political rapprochement between Iran and Germany.^[109] Also, according to Operation Orient, Germans wanted to march through Iran and Iraq in force, finally converging in India.

During pre-war diplomatic maneuvers, the

Nazi–Soviet Axis talks of October–November were then underway (and the possible expansion of the Soviet sphere of influence in south-central Asia and India was on the table), Berlin was reluctant to give any binding offers to Kabul.^[113]

The

Arabia and Transjordan.^[114] Also, a post-war satellite Greater Arab Union was discussed.^[93]

Although initially intending to concede Italy control of the region, after that country

had defected to the Allied camp in 1943, Hitler came to regard the Islamic countries and the Pan-Arab movement increasingly more as the natural ally of Nazi Germany, as opposed to the "treacherous" Italians.^[115] On 17 February 1945 in particular he explained to his entourage his regrets that Germany's prior alliance with its southern neighbor had prevented her from pursuing a more revolutionary policy towards the Arab world, which would have also allowed its exit from the British and French spheres of influence in the area:^[115]

In the nature of things, this territory was becoming an Italian preserve and it was as such that the Duce laid claim to it. Had we been on our own, we could have emancipated the Moslem countries dominated by France; and that would have had enormous repercussions in the Near East, dominated by Britain, and in Egypt. But with our fortunes linked to those of the Italians, the pursuit of such a policy was not possible. All Islam vibrated at the news of our victories. The Egyptians, the Iraqis and the whole of the Near East were all ready to rise in revolt. Just think what we could have done to help them, even to incite them, as would have been both our duty and in our own interest! But the presence of the Italians at our side paralyzed us; it created a feeling of malaise among our Islamic friends, who inevitably saw in us accomplices, willing or unwilling, of their oppressors.

Despite this, Hitler saw Arab support as a mere asset for his plans of conquest. He "wanted nothing from the Arabs"^[116] and found genuine cooperation between Aryans and Arabs to be implausible due to the latter's racial inferiority:^[117]

Exploitation of the Arab Freedom Movement. The situation of the English in the Middle East will be rendered more precarious, in the event of major German operations, if more British forces are tied down at the right moment by civil commotion or revolt. All military, political, and propaganda measures to this end must be closely coordinated during the preparatory period. As central agency abroad I nominate Special Staff F, which is to take part in all plans and actions in the Arab area, whose headquarters are to be in the area of the Commander Armed Forces South-east. The most competent available experts and agents will be made available to it. The Chief of the High Command of the Armed Forces will specify the duties of Special Staff F, in agreement with the Foreign Minister where political questions are involved.^[118]

Plans for India

Further information:

Indische Legion and Azad Hind

Hitler's views on India were generally disparaging, and his plans for the region were heavily influenced by his racial views, especially related to India's subdued status under British rule.

British Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax that the British should "shoot Gandhi, and if this doesn't suffice to reduce them to submission, shoot a dozen leading members of the Congress, and if that doesn't suffice shoot 200, and so on, as you make it clear that you mean business."^[120] During the same discussion Hitler reportedly told Halifax that one of his favorite films was The Lives of a Bengal Lancer, because it depicted a handful of "superior race" Britons holding sway over the Indian subcontinent.^[121]

Nazi theorist

Vedic culture was Aryan in origin, any Nordic blood in India had long since dissipated due to racial miscegenation.^[119] Asit Krishna Mukherji, with support of the German consulate, published The New Mercury, a Nazi magazine and was lauded by Baron von Selzam in a "communiqué to all German legations in the Far East that no one had rendered services to the Third Reich in Asia comparable to those of Sir Asit Krishna Mukherji's."^[119] Savitri Devi, who would later marry him, shared his beliefs "in the pan Aryan revival of India", as well as in Hindu nationalism, and once World War II started, both "undertook clandestine war work on behalf of the Axis powers in Calcutta."^[119]

During the first years of the war in Europe, as Hitler sought to reach an arrangement with the British, he held the notion that India should remain under British control after the war, as in his mind the only alternative was a Soviet occupation of the subcontinent.

Walter von Brauchitsch and chief of the Operationsabteilung OKH Adolf Heusinger.^[122] In an assessment produced on 7 April 1941, Halder estimated that the operation would require 17 divisions and one separate regiment.^[122] A Special Bureau for India

was created with these goals in mind.

Indian revolutionary

Free India Legion".^[125] Bose eventually met with Hitler on 29 May 1942.^[126] During the discussion, which mostly consisted of Hitler monologing to Bose,^[120] Hitler expressed his skepticism for India's readiness for a rebellion against the Raj, and his fears of a Soviet takeover of India.^[126] He stated that if Germany had to do anything about India it would first have to conquer Russia, for the road to India could only be accomplished through that country,^[120] although he did promise to financially support Bose and help relocate him to the Far East.^[126] Bose later described the encounter by stating that it was impossible to get Hitler involved in any serious political discussion.^[120]

On 18 January 1942, it was decided that the Indian subcontinent was to be divided between the Axis powers. Germany was to take the part of British India roughly corresponding to the western part of modern-day Pakistan, while the rest of British India, along with Afghanistan, was marked for Japan.^[127][128]

Plans for North America

Further information:

Zweites Buch, and If Day

Before completing the expected German conquest of Europe, the Nazi leadership hoped to keep the United States out of the war.[129] In an interview with Life in the spring of 1941, Hitler stated that a German invasion of the Western Hemisphere was as fantastic as an invasion of the moon, and he said he was convinced that the idea was being promoted by men who mistakenly thought that war would be good for business.^[130]

U.S. pro-Nazi movements such as the

German-American Bund played no role in Hitler's plans for the country, and received no financial or verbal support from Germany after 1935.^[131] However, certain Native American advocate groups, such as the fascist-leaning American Indian Federation, were to be used to undermine the Roosevelt administration from within by means of propaganda.^[132][133] Fictitious reports about Berlin declaring the Sioux as Aryans were circulated by the German-American Bund with the aim of increasing tensions between Native Americans and the government of the United States, impelling Native Americans to resist being drafted or registered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Nazi propagandists went as far as declaring that Germany would return expropriated land to the Indians or even create a Native American independent country like Tecumseh's confederacy or Indian barrier state plans, while Goebbels predicted they possessed little loyalty to America and would rather rebel than to fight against Germany; such rumours were reported by John Collier, commissioner of Indian Affairs, to the Congress as true, thus not merely spreading them further but also legitimating them in the eyes of many.^{[134][135][136]}

As a boy, Hitler had been an enthusiastic reader of Karl May westerns^[13] and he told Albert Speer that he still turned to them for inspiration as an adult when he was in a tight spot.^[137] The influence of Karl May's writing in Hitler Youth and German society generated the belief that native people somehow possessed a quasi-Aryan nature in its Volk (however, they were still Untermensch).^[138] Nazis pragmatically utilized popular tropes of Indian imagery (Indianthusiasm) to use against the US.^[139] Also, in the late 1930s, Nazis even attempted to enlist American Indian support, mostly from Sioux and Lakota peoples, for Nazi Germany,^[140] The Nazis had hoped to incite an uprising by the "hemispheric Indian" against their brutal treatment, creating allies and instability to undermine American arguments for the moral superiority of democracy.^[141]

Approximately nine months before the United States joined the Allies, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt made a reference to the New Order in a speech he gave on March 15, 1941, recognizing Hitler's hostility towards the United States and the destructive potential it represented, about which Roosevelt was quite acutely aware:

...Nazi forces are not seeking mere modifications in colonial maps or in minor European boundaries. They openly seek the destruction of all elective systems of government on every continent, including our own. They seek to establish systems of government based on the regimentation of all human beings by a handful of individual rulers who seize power by force.
Yes, these men and their hypnotized followers call this a "New Order." It is not new, and it is not order. For order among nations presupposes something enduring, some system of justice under which individuals over a long period of time are willing to live. Humanity will never permanently accept a system imposed by conquest, and based on slavery. These modern tyrants find it necessary to their plans to eliminate all democracies—eliminate them one by one. The nations of Europe, and indeed we, ourselves, did not appreciate that purpose. We do now.^[142]

Hitler held U.S. society in contempt, stating that the United States (which he consistently referred to as the "American Union") was "half Judaized, and the other half Negrified"

Gerhard L. Weinberg stated that this super-fleet was intended against the Western Hemisphere.^[146]

Hitler also considered the occupation of the Portuguese Azores, Cape Verde, and Madeira and the Spanish Canary Islands to deny the British a staging ground for military actions against

In this final battle for world domination, Hitler expected the defeated British to eventually support the Axis forces with its large navy.^[148] He stated that "England and America will one day have a war with one another, which will be waged with the greatest hatred imaginable. One of the two countries will have to disappear."^[152] and "I shall no longer be there to see it, but I rejoice on behalf of the German people at the idea that one day we will see England and Germany marching together against America".^[153]

The actual physical conquest of the United States was unlikely, however,

This lack of policy direction from the top meant that Nazi politicians concerned with representing Germany's interests and relations with Canada had to resort to an improvised line of policy which they believed to be in accordance with Hitler's wishes.[159] The country was noted for its abundance of natural resources, and because of its great geographic size coupled with a low population density was characterized as "a country without people", in contrast to Germany which was considered "a people without space".^[159] In his 1934 travelogue account of Canada, Zwischen USA und dem Pol (English: Between the U.S. and the North Pole), German journalist Colin Ross described Canadian society as artificial because it was composed of many different parts that weren't tied together by either blood or long-standing traditions (highlighting the differences between the French and English Canadians in particular), and that for this reason one could not speak of either a Canadian nation or Volk.^[161] As a result, the country's political system was also considered mechanical and non-organic, and that Ottawa did not constitute "the heart of the nation". Because of both these factors the Canadians were deemed incapable of comprehending "true culture", and German immigration in Canada was considered a mistake because they would be forced to live in an "empty civilization".^[162]

Plans for the economic domination of South America

Neither Hitler nor any other major Nazi leader showed much interest towards

Although it pursued an alliance with Imperial Japan in the battle against the "Western Plutocracies" and Soviet Bolshevism which was based on Realpolitik, the Nazi leadership believed that its alliance with Japan was only temporary. The racial ideology of Nazism predicted that the fate of human civilization depended on the ultimate triumph of the Germanic-Nordic peoples, and according to it, the populous Asian continent was seen as the greatest threat to the hegemony of the white race. The Japanese people were characterized as 'culture-bearers', which meant that they could make use of the technological and civilizational achievements of the Aryan race and by so doing, they could maintain an advanced society, but they could not truly create a 'culture' themselves.^[173] Gerhard Weinberg asserts that the historical evidence points to the conclusion that Hitler, like he had done with the Soviets in the 1939–1941 period, employed a tactic of conceding to the Japanese whatever they desired until they in turn could be defeated in a subsequent war.^[174] In early 1942, Hitler is quoted as saying to Ribbentrop: "We have to think in terms of centuries. Sooner or later there will have to be a showdown between the white and the yellow races."^[175]

In July 1941, as plans were being laid out for post-Barbarossa military operations, the Wehrmacht's naval top-level command, the Oberkommando der Marine, was not ready to exclude the possibility of a war between Germany and Japan.^[176] In 1942, NSDAP official Erhard Wetzel (Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories) predicted that "the self-determination of the numerically strong Asian peoples after this war" would challenge German-controlled Europe with Japanese instigation, and stated that "a Greater Asia and an independent India are formations that dispose over hundreds of millions of inhabitants. A German world power with 80 or 85 million Germans by contrast is numerically too weak".^[177] Wetzel further pondered on Germany's choices on the population policies in occupied Russia: if the Russians were restricted to having as few children as possible in the interest of German colonization, this would further "weaken the white race in view of the dangers of Asia".^[177]

As the Japanese were conquering one European colonial territory after another in

In his speech which he made during the meeting of SS major generals in Posen on 4 October 1943, Heinrich Himmler commented on future conflicts between Nazi-controlled Europe and Asia:

[W]e will create the necessary conditions for the whole Germanic people and the whole of Europe, controlled, ordered and led by us, the Germanic people, to be able, in generations, to stand the test in her battles of destiny against Asia, who will certainly break out again. We do not know when that will be. Then, when the mass of humanity of 1 to 1½ [billion] lines up against us, the Germanic people, numbering, I hope, 250 to 300 million, and the other European peoples, making a total of 600 to 700 million – (and with

an outpost area stretching as far as the Urals, or, a hundred years, beyond the Urals) – must stand the test in its vital struggle against Asia. It would be an evil day if the Germanic people did not survive it. It would be the end of beauty and "Kultur", of the creative power of this earth. That is the distant future. It is for that that we are fighting, pledged to hand down the heritage of our ancestors.^[179]

These clashes are the only

evolutionary possibility which will enable us one day, now that Fate has given us the Führer Adolf Hitler, to create the Germanic Reich. They are the necessary condition, for our race, and our blood to create for itself and put under cultivation, in the years of peace (during which we must live and work austerely, frugally and like Spartans), that settlement area in which new blood can breed, as in a botanical garden so to speak. Only by this means can the Continent become a Germanic Continent, capable of daring to embark, in one or two or three or five or ten generations, on the conflict with this Continent of Asia which spews out hordes of humanity.^[180]

After the decisive German defeat at the end of the

• Areas annexed by Nazi Germany
• Greater Germanic Reich, the dominion which the Nazis attempted to create by merging all of the Germanic-populated countries in Europe into one state.
• Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, the envisioned Japanese economic equivalent of the New Order and the Greater Germanic Reich.
• A-A line
• Jewish settlement in the Japanese Empire
• The Ural Mountains in Nazi planning
• Wehrbauer
• Italian imperialism under fascism, the Fascist Italian project for securing domination of the Mediterranean area.
• Axis power negotiations on the division of Asia during World War II
• Grossdeutschland
• Drang nach Osten ("The Drive Eastward")
• Lebensborn
• Lebensraum
• Final solution
• Generalplan Ost
• The Holocaust
• Romani Holocaust
• European theater of World War II
• German-occupied Europe
• Nazi eugenics
• Nazi racial theories
• Racial policy of Nazi Germany
• New World Order (conspiracy theory) – a conspiracy theory that hypothesizes a secretly emerging totalitarian world government
• New world order (an international relations theory)
• Posen speeches – In two notable speeches delivered in October 1943, Himmler details the tasks of the SS in implementing the New Order.
• Hegemony
• Hypothetical Axis victory in World War II

Citations