Çandarlı family

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Not to be confused with Candar dynasty.
Iznik

The Çandarlı family (

grand viziers during the 14th and 15th centuries. At the time, it was the second most important family after the Ottoman dynasty
itself.

Background and history

In contrast to European monarchies, aside from the Ottoman dynasty, the Ottoman Empire had no aristocracy. There was no difference between the noble birth and the humble birth and everybody had equal chance to reach high ranks. The only prerequisite for an official appointment was conversion to Islam. However, families like the Çandarlı (or, for example, the Köprülü) were able to gain favor with the royal family, creating multi-generational political dynasties and amassing large amounts of wealth.

The roots of the family can be traced back to the village of

grand viziers
. In a period of 88 years (during the first four between 1365 and 1453), the Çandarlı family held the post for 64 years, a feat unparalleled in Ottoman history.

Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha was first judge of Bursa[3] and then the family's first Grand Vizier.[4]

In the early 15th century, Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger a member of the family, had a castle for sultan Murad II built in Aegean sideside town occupying the site of the ancient Greek city of Pitane, renaming it Çandarlı after his family. Çandarlı is now a resort town in İzmir Province of Turkey.

Decline in 1453

Sultan

devşirme (i.e. non-Turkish and non-Muslim) origin. There was indeed a rise in slave administrators,[5][6] who were much easier to control.[6]

Later years

Although a fifth member of the Çandarlı family (Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger) was able to reach the post of grand vizier during the reign of Bayezid II in 1498, the family never fully recovered from the shock of 1453. In later years, two other members of the family also worked for the empire; İsa Pasha (d. 1549) and Halil Bey (d. 1568) served in the imperial bureaucracy, but they were unable to become part of the Sublime Porte, the central imperial government.[7]

List of Grand Viziers from the family

Name Term of office Sultan(s)
Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha 1364–1387 Murad I
Çandarlızade Ali Pasha 1387–1406 Murad I, Bayezid I, Süleyman Çelebi (Ottoman Interregnum)
Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Elder 1421–1429 Murad II
Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger[Note 1] 1439–1453 Murad II, Mehmed II
Çandarlı Ibrahim Pasha the Younger 1498–1499 Bayezid II

Notes

  1. ^ The first grand vizier to be executed

References

  1. ISBN 9781844159543
    . The Çandarlı family was, however, of Turcoman nomadic Turkish origin.
  2. ^ İznik page (in Turkish)
  3. ISBN 9786057857019. Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin, who came from the village of Cenderli and from a family of Turkish origin, was the judge of Bursa
    at the death of Orhan Gazi (1360).
  4. ISBN 9780810875791
    .
  5. ISBN 9786051277745
    . The Çandarlı Family, of Turkish origin, took Çelebi Mehmed into its sphere of influence under the administration of the re-established Ottoman union. Turkishness and the Turkish phenomenon in the Ottoman Empire again
  6. ^
    ISBN 9780810875791. The disappearance of this dynasty [ Çandarlı family ] was symptomatic with the rise of the class of slave administrators
    , who were much easier for the sultan to control than free administrators of noble origin.
  7. ^ Çandarlı page (in Turkish)

Sources

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