1684

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • 1681
  • 1682
  • 1683
  • 1684
  • 1685
  • 1686
  • 1687
August 7: Morean War: The Republic of Venice begins the bombardment the Ottoman Empire fortress on the island of Lefkada.
May 18: French Navy begins the Bombardment of Genoa and destroys most of the city in 10 days.
1684 by topic
Arts and science
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
1684 in various
Minguo calendar
228 before ROC
民前228年
Nanakshahi calendar216
Thai solar calendar2226–2227
Tibetan calendar阴水猪年
(female Water-Pig)
1810 or 1429 or 657
    — to —
阳木鼠年
(male Wood-Rat)
1811 or 1430 or 658

1684 (MDCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1684th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 684th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th year of the 17th century, and the 5th year of the 1680s decade. As of the start of 1684, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

January–March

  • January 5 – King Charles II of England gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk, his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn.
  • January 15 (January 5 O.S.) – To demonstrate that the River Thames, frozen solid during the Great Frost that started in December, is safe to walk upon, "a Coach and six horses drove over the Thames for a wager" and within three days "whole streets of Booths are built on the Thames and thousands of people are continually walking thereon." Sir Richard Newdigate, 2nd Baronet, records the events in his diary.[1]
  • January 26 – Marcantonio Giustinian is elected Doge of Venice.[2]
  • January – Edmond Halley, Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke have a conversation in which Hooke later claimed not only to have derived the inverse-square law, but also all the laws of planetary motion attributed to Sir Isaac Newton.[3] Hooke's claim is that in a letter to Newton on 6 January 1680, he first stated the inverse-square law.[4]
  • February 7 – Morocco retakes control of the city of Tangier from England, which had controlled the North African port since 1661.[5] During the five months prior to evacuation of the English from the city, the Governor, Lord Dartmouth had ordered the destruction of the wall around the city, its fortifications and port facilities that had been built by the English during the occupation.
  • February 8 – Prince Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino returns to the throne of the principality of Moldavia for a third reign but is overthrown 14 months later on June 25. In 1859, Moldavia will unite with neighboring Wallachia to form the Kingdom of Romania.
  • February 15 (February 5 O.S.) – The Great Frost in Britain, during which the River Thames was frozen in London and the sea as far as 2 miles (3.2 km) out from land and which started the previous December, ends as the Thames begins to thaw. William Maitland later writes that the Frost, which started in December 1683, "congealed the river Thames to that degree that another city, as it were, was erected thereon; where by the great number of streets and shops, with their rich furniture, it represented a great fair, with a variety of carriages, and diversions of all sorts."[6] During the freeze, there had been great loss of beast and of wildlife, especially birds, and similar reports from across Northern Europe.[7] The Chipperfield's Circus dynasty began during the freeze, with James Chipperfield introducing performing animals to the country at the Frost Fair on the Thames in London.
  • Akwida.[8]
  • March 5 – Pope Innocent XI forms a Holy League with the Habsburg Empire, Venice and Poland, to end Ottoman Turkish rule in Europe.[9]
  • March 19 – In Japan, the Tenna era ends on the 21st day of the 2nd month of the Chinese calendar of the 4th year of the Tenna era and the Jōkyō era begins as Japan's royal astronomer, Shibukawa Shunkai institutes the Jōkyō calendar to replace Chinese calendar which had been used in Japan since 859 AD, after calculating that the length of the solar year is 365.2417 days.[10]

April–June

July–September

October–December

Date unknown

Births

Catherine I of Russia
Jean-Antoine Watteau
Edward Vernon

Deaths

Pieter de Hooch
Pierre Corneille
Géraud de Cordemoy

References

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  2. ^ Gullino, Giuseppe. "GIUSTINIAN, Marcantonio". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved March 28, 2023.
  3. ^ Laurence Gardner, The Shadow of Solomon (HarperCollins, 2005) p. 64
  4. ^ Margaret 'Espinasse, Robert Hooke (University of California Press, 1956) p. 75
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  6. ^ William Andrews, Famous Frosts and Frost Fairs in Great Britain: Chronicled from the Earliest to the Present Time (G. Redway, 1887) pp. 17-18
  7. ISBN 0-212-97022-4
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  8. ^ Ulrich van der Heyden, Rote Adler an Afrikas Küste: Die Brandenburgisch-preussische Kolonie Grossfriedrichsburg in Westafrika ("Red eagles on the African coast: the Brandenburg-Prussian colony of Grossfriedrichsburg in West Africa") (Selignow, 2001) p. 31
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