1879 Spanish general election
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All 392 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate 197 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 952,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 621,436 (65.3%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1879 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 20 April and on Saturday, 3 May 1879, to elect the 1st Restoration Cortes of the Kingdom of Spain. All 392 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate.[1]
This was the first election held under the
censitary suffrage
.
Overview
Background
The
election rigging, which they achieved through the encasillado, using the links between the Ministry of Governance, the provincial civil governors and the local bosses (caciques) to ensure victory and exclude minor parties from the power sharing.[2][3]
Electoral system
The Spanish
censitary suffrage, which comprised national males over twenty-five, being taxpayers with a minimum quota of twenty-five pesetas per territorial contribution or fifty per industrial subsidy, as well as being enrolled in the so-called capacity census (either by education criteria or for professional reasons).[6][7]
For the Congress of Deputies, 88 seats were elected using a
La Coruña, Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid and Zaragoza. The law also provided for by-elections to fill seats vacated throughout the legislature.[4][8][a]
For the Senate, 180 seats were
Captain Generals of the Army and the Navy Admiral; the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops; as well as other high-ranking state figures—and senators for life (who were appointed by the Monarch).[9][11]
Election date
The term of each House of the Cortes—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The Monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both Houses at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.[4][8][9]
Results
Congress of Deputies
 | ||||
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes[b] | % | |||
| Liberal Conservative Party (Conservadores) | 402,357 | 64.75 | 288 | |
| Liberal Left Coalition (Izquierda Liberal) | 139,314 | 22.42 | 64 | |
| Democratic Party (PD) | 6 | |||
| Parliamentary Centre (Centro Parlamentario) | 20,473 | 3.29 | 13 | |
| Moderate Party (Moderados) | 16,501 | 2.66 | 11 | |
| Ultramontanists (Ultramontanos) | 7,965 | 1.28 | 7 | |
| Fuerist Party of the Basque Union (PFUV) | 3,861 | 0.62 | 1 | |
| Independents (Independientes) | 22,729 | 3.66 | 6 | |
| Other candidates/blank ballots | 8,236 | 1.33 | 0 | |
| Vacants | — | — | 2 | |
| Total | 621,436 | 392 | ||
| Votes cast / turnout | 621,436 | 65.28 | ||
| Abstentions | 330,564 | 34.72 | ||
| Registered voters | 952,000 | |||
| Sources[12][13][14][15] | ||||
Cuba
| Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | |||
| Constitutional Union Party (Unión Constitucional) | 17 | |||
| Liberal Party (Liberal) | 7 | |||
| Total | 17,734 | 24 | ||
| Votes cast / turnout | 17,734 | 56.16 | ||
| Abstentions | 13,844 | 43.84 | ||
| Registered voters | 31,578 | |||
| Sources[16] | ||||
See also
Notes
- ^ Amendments in the electoral law throughout 1877 had seen the approval of separate laws for both chambers, with a modified version of the 1865 electoral law being provisionally reinstated for the Congress until a final, definitive law was approved in 1878.[8][9][10]
- ^ In multi-member constituencies, votes have been allocated by calculating the arithmetic average of each candidacy and adding it to the votes of single-member constituencies.
References
- ^ "Real decreto declarando disueltos el Congreso de los Diputados y la parte electiva del Senado y convocando nuevas elecciones" (PDF). Gaceta de Madrid (in Spanish) (75). Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado: 759. 16 March 1879.
- ^ Martorell Linares 1997, pp. 139–143.
- ^ Martínez Relanzón 2017, pp. 147–148.
- ^ a b c Constitución de 1876 (PDF). Gaceta de Madrid (in Spanish). 30 June 1876. Retrieved 27 December 2016. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "El Senado en la historia constitucional española". Senate of Spain (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 December 2016.
- ^ García Muñoz 2002, pp. 105–106.
- ^ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1077.
- ^ a b c Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes (PDF). Gaceta de Madrid (Law) (in Spanish). 28 December 1878. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ a b c Ley electoral de Senadores (PDF). Gaceta de Madrid (Law) (in Spanish). 8 February 1877. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Ley reformando la electoral de Diputados a Cortes, y restableciendo la penal para los delitos electorales de 22 de Junio de 1864 (PDF). Gaceta de Madrid (Law) (in Spanish). 20 July 1877. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Ley dictando reglas para la elección de Senadores en las islas de Cuba y Puerto Rico (PDF). Gaceta de Madrid (Law) (in Spanish). 9 January 1879. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Villa García 2013, pp. 129–138.
- ^ Caballero Domínguez 1999, p. 50.
- ^ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1093.
- ^ "Elecciones a Cortes 20 de abril de 1879". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 12 December 2020.
- ^ Roldán de Montaud 1999, pp. 251–254.
Bibliography
- Martorell Linares, Miguel Ángel (1997). "La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración". Revista de Estudios Políticos (in Spanish) (96): 137–161. ISSN 0048-7694. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
- Roldán de Montaud, Inés (1999). "Política y elecciones en Cuba durante la restauración". Revista de Estudios Políticos (in Spanish) (104): 245–287. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- Caballero Domínguez, Margarita (1999). "El derecho de representación: sufragio y leyes electorales" (PDF). Ayer (in Spanish) (34): 41–63. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
- García Muñoz, Montserrat (2002). "La documentación electoral y el fichero histórico de diputados". Revista General de Información y Documentación (in Spanish). 12 (1): 93–137. ISSN 1132-1873. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
- Carreras de Odriozola, Albert; Tafunell Sambola, Xavier (2005) [1989]. Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (II ed.). Bilbao: Fundación BBVA. pp. 1072–1097. ISBN 84-96515-00-1. Archived from the original(PDF) on 24 September 2015.
- Martínez Relanzón, Alejandro (2017). "Political Modernization in Spain Between 1876 and 1923". Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio K. 24 (1). Madrid: .
- Villa García, Roberto (2013). "Elecciones sin Turno: los comicios a diputado de 1879". Historia Contemporánea (in Spanish) (46): 111–142. ISSN 1130-2402. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
External links
- Historical archive of deputies (1810–1977). Congress of Deputies (in Spanish).
- Elections in the Revolutionary Sexennium and the Restoration. Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish).
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