April 2019 Spanish general election
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All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 208 (of 266) seats in the Senate 176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Opinion polls | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Registered | 36,898,883 1.0% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 26,478,140 (71.8%) 5.3 pp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Election results by Congress of Deputies constituency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The April 2019 Spanish general election was held on Sunday, 28 April 2019, to elect the 13th
Following the
Presiding over a minority government of 84 deputies, Pedro Sánchez struggled to maintain a working majority in the Congress with the support of the parties that had backed the no-confidence motion. The
On a turnout of 71.8%, the ruling PSOE of Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez won a victory—the first for the party in a nationwide election
Overview
Electoral system
The Spanish
For the Congress of Deputies, 348 seats were elected using the
As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:[23]
Seats | Constituencies |
---|---|
37 | Madrid(+1) |
32 | Barcelona(+1) |
15 | Valencia(–1) |
12 | Alicante, Seville |
11 | Málaga |
10 | Murcia |
9 | Cádiz |
8 | A Coruña, Balearic Islands, Biscay, Las Palmas |
7 | Asturias(–1), Granada, Pontevedra, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Zaragoza |
6 | Almería, Badajoz, Córdoba, Gipuzkoa, Girona, Tarragona, Toledo |
5 | Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Huelva, Jaén, Navarre, Valladolid |
4 | Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cáceres, La Rioja, León, Lleida, Lugo, Ourense, Salamanca |
3 | Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Teruel, Zamora |
2 | Soria |
For the Senate, 208 seats were elected using an
Election date
The term of each chamber of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 26 June 2016, which meant that the legislature's term would expire on 26 June 2020. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 2 June 2020, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Cortes Generales on Sunday, 26 July 2020.[21]
The prime minister had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.[18] Barred this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for the Congress and the Senate. Still, as of 2024 there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.
After the 2019
The Cortes Generales were officially dissolved on 5 March 2019 after the publication of the dissolution decree in the BOE, setting the election date for 28 April and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 21 May.[23]
Background
The
Concurrently, the incumbent PP cabinet found itself embroiled in a string of political scandals which had seen the political demise of former
Pressure on the Spanish government increased after a major
The scale of PP's collapse in Catalonia and the success of Cs had an impact on national politics, with Ciudadanos rising to first place nationally in subsequent opinion polls, endangering PP's stand as the hegemonic party within the Spanish centre-right spectrum.[51][52][53][54] Massive protests by pensioners groups, long regarded as a key component of the PP's electoral base, demanding pension increases,[3] further undermining the PP's standing.
On 24 May 2018, the
For most of his government, Sánchez was reliant on confidence and supply support from
Parliamentary composition
The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.[58][59]
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Parties and candidates
The electoral law allowed for
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
Two opposing coalitions were formed in Navarre at different levels: for the Senate,
Timetable
The key dates are listed below (all times are
- 4 March: The election decree is issued with the countersign of the Prime Minister after deliberation in the Council of Ministers, ratified by the King.[23]
- 5 March: Formal dissolution of the Cortes Generales and beginning of a suspension period of events for the inauguration of public works, services or projects.
- 8 March: Initial constitution of provincial and zone electoral commissions.
- 15 March: Deadline for parties and federations intending to enter into a coalition to inform the relevant electoral commission.
- 25 March: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions, and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates to the relevant electoral commission.
- 27 March: Submitted lists of candidates are provisionally published in the Official State Gazette (BOE).
- 30 March: Deadline for citizens entered in the Register of Absent Electors Residing Abroad (CERA) and for citizens temporarily absent from Spain to apply for voting (extended to 1 April by the Central Electoral Commission).
- 31 March: Deadline for parties, federations, coalitions, and groupings of electors to rectify irregularities in their lists.
- 1 April: Official proclamation of valid submitted lists of candidates.
- 2 April: Proclaimed lists are published in the BOE.
- 12 April: Official start of electoral campaigning.[23]
- 18 April: Deadline to apply for postal voting.
- 23 April: Official start of legal ban on electoral opinion polling publication, dissemination or reproduction and deadline for CERA citizens to vote by mail.
- 24 April: Deadline for postal and temporarily absent voters to issue their votes (extended to 25 April by the Central Electoral Commission).
- 26 April: Last day of official electoral campaigning and deadline for CERA citizens to vote in a ballot box in the relevant consular office or division[23] (extended to 28 April by the Central Electoral Commission).
- 27 April: Official 24-hour ban on political campaigning prior to the general election (reflection day).
- 28 April: Polling day (polling stations open at 9 am and close at 8 pm or once voters present in a queue at/outside the polling station at 8 pm have cast their vote). Provisional counting of votes starts immediately.
- 1 May: General counting of votes, including the counting of CERA votes.
- 4 May: Deadline for the general counting of votes to be carried out by the relevant electoral commission.
- 13 May: Deadline for elected members to be proclaimed by the relevant electoral commission.
- 23 May: Deadline for both chambers of the Cortes Generales to be re-assembled (the election decree determines this date, which for the April 2019 election was set for 21 May).[23]
- 22 June: Final deadline for definitive results to be published in the BOE.
Campaign
Party slogans
Party or alliance | Original slogan | English translation | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PP | « Valor seguro » | "Safe asset" | [87] | |
PSOE | « La España que quieres »[l] « Haz que pase » & « Estamos muy cerca » |
"The Spain you want" "Make it happen" & "We are so close" |
[88] [89][90] | |
Unidas Podemos | Main: « La historia la escribes tú » ECP: « Guanyem per avançar » |
Main: "You write history" ECP: "Let's win to advance" |
[91] [92] | |
Cs | « ¡Vamos Ciudadanos! » | "Let's go Citizens!" | [93] | |
ERC–Sobiranistes | « Va de llibertat » | "It's about freedom" | [94] | |
JxCat–Junts | « Tu ets la nostra força. Tu ets la nostra veu » | "You are our strength. You are our voice" | [95] | |
EAJ/PNV | « Nos mueve Euskadi. Zurea, gurea » | "The Basque Country moves us. What's yours is ours" | [96] | |
EH Bildu | « Erabaki. Para avanzar » | "Decide. To make progress" | [97] | |
CCa–PNC | « Luchamos por Canarias » | "We fight for Canaries" | [98] | |
Vox | « Por España » | "For Spain" | [99] | |
Compromís | « Imparables » | "Unstoppable" | [100] | |
NCa | « Para defender Canarias. Canarias con futuro » | "To defend the Canaries. Canaries with future" | [101] | |
NA+ | « Navarra suma contigo » | "Navarre sums with you" | [102] |
Election debates
Date | Organisers | Moderator(s) | P Present[m] S Surrogate[n] NI Not invited A Absent invitee | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PP | PSOE | UP | Cs | ERC | JxCat | PNV | Vox | Audience | Ref. | |||
17 March | laSexta (El Objetivo)[o] |
Ana Pastor
|
P Lacalle |
P Saura |
P Álvarez |
P Roldán |
NI | NI | NI | NI | 4.5% (758,000) |
[103] [104] |
8 April | El Confidencial[p] | Isabel Morillo Paloma Esteban |
P Uriarte |
P M. Montero |
P I. Montero |
P Arrimadas |
NI | NI | NI | P Monasterio |
— | [105] |
10 April | Cuatro (Todo es Mentira) |
Risto Mejide | S Maroto |
S M. Montero |
S Vera |
S Cantó |
NI | NI | NI | A | 6.2% (735,000) |
[106] [107] |
S Maroto |
S M. Montero |
S Vera |
S Cantó |
S Rufián |
S Cuevillas |
P Esteban |
A | 7.2% (736,000) | ||||
13 April | laSexta (La Sexta Noche)[p] |
Iñaki López | P Uriarte |
P M. Montero |
P I. Montero |
P Arrimadas |
NI | NI | NI | A | 9.4% (1,027,000) |
[108] [109] |
16 April | RTVE | Xabier Fortes | S A. de Toledo |
S M. Montero |
S I. Montero |
S Arrimadas |
S Rufián |
NI | P Esteban |
NI | 11.8% (1,794,000) |
[110] [111] |
20 April | laSexta (La Sexta Noche) |
Iñaki López | S Egea |
S Sicilia |
S Garzón |
S Cantó |
S Rufián |
S Borràs |
P Esteban |
NI | 9.3% (997,000) |
[112] [113] |
22 April | RTVE | Xabier Fortes | P Casado |
P Sánchez |
P Iglesias |
P Rivera |
NI | NI | NI | NI | 43.8% (8,886,000) |
[114] [115] |
23 April | Atresmedia | Ana Pastor Vicente Vallés |
P Casado |
P Sánchez |
P Iglesias |
P Rivera |
NI | NI | NI | NI[q] | 48.8% (9,477,000) |
[117] [118] |
- Opinion polls
Debate | Polling firm/Commissioner | PP | PSOE | UP | Cs | Tie | None | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22 April | ElectoPanel/Electomanía[119] | 16.0 | 24.0 | 24.0 | 34.0 | – | 1.0 | 1.0 |
SocioMétrica/El Español[120] | 18.0 | 13.0 | 19.0 | 27.0 | – | – | 24.0 | |
23 April | ElectoPanel/Electomanía[121][122] | 18.0 | 13.0 | 34.0 | 33.0 | – | 2.0 | 0.0 |
SocioMétrica/El Español[123] | 12.5 | 14.3 | 21.3 | 28.2 | – | – | 23.7 | |
Both | NC Report/La Razón[124] | 25.7 | 18.6 | 25.7 | 30.0 | – | – | – |
CIS[125] | 5.6 | 19.1 | 34.7 | 16.6 | 4.2 | 14.7 | 5.1 |
Opinion polls
Voter turnout
The table below shows registered vote turnout on election day without including voters from the Census of Absent-Residents (CERA).
Region | Time | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14:00 | 18:00 | 20:00 | |||||||
2016 | 2019 | +/– | 2016 | 2019 | +/– | 2016 | 2019 | +/– | |
Andalusia | 37.60% | 38.94% | +1.34 | 50.25% | 57.25% | +7.00 | 68.16% | 73.31% | +5.15 |
Aragon | 37.88% | 44.65% | +6.77 | 50.86% | 62.32% | +11.46 | 71.89% | 77.62% | +5.73 |
Asturias | 34.70% | 40.15% | +5.45 | 50.84% | 58.67% | +7.83 | 68.19% | 73.35% | +5.16 |
Balearic Islands | 34.48% | 38.10% | +3.62 | 47.05% | 54.42% | +7.37 | 62.58% | 67.58% | +5.00 |
Basque Country | 36.05% | 41.75% | +5.70 | 51.36% | 60.05% | +8.69 | 67.44% | 74.52% | +7.08 |
Canary Islands | 28.38% | 30.72% | +2.34 | 44.86% | 51.00% | +6.14 | 64.37% | 68.14% | +3.77 |
Cantabria | 39.22% | 43.12% | +3.90 | 56.19% | 63.65% | +7.46 | 73.37% | 78.09% | +4.72 |
Castile and León | 37.18% | 41.80% | +4.62 | 53.33% | 62.00% | +8.67 | 73.34% | 78.24% | +4.90 |
Castilla–La Mancha | 38.92% | 42.71% | +3.79 | 52.44% | 62.35% | +9.91 | 72.94% | 78.02% | +5.08 |
Catalonia | 32.31% | 43.52% | +11.21 | 46.38% | 64.20% | +17.82 | 65.60% | 77.58% | +11.98 |
Extremadura | 39.48% | 42.87% | +3.39 | 51.40% | 60.22% | +8.82 | 70.45% | 76.31% | +5.86 |
Galicia | 34.07% | 36.97% | +2.90 | 51.68% | 58.93% | +7.25 | 69.63% | 73.97% | +4.34 |
La Rioja
|
40.94% | 44.76% | +3.82 | 55.61% | 61.62% | +6.01 | 74.71% | 78.11% | +3.40 |
Madrid | 39.01% | 43.61% | +4.60 | 54.48% | 65.11% | +10.63 | 74.26% | 79.75% | +5.49 |
Murcia | 39.96% | 43.41% | +3.45 | 52.89% | 61.85% | +8.96 | 71.35% | 75.69% | +4.34 |
Navarre | 38.03% | 43.79% | +5.76 | 51.77% | 60.97% | +9.20 | 70.58% | 76.29% | +5.71 |
Valencian Community | 43.34% | 45.87% | +2.53 | 56.51% | 61.67% | +5.16 | 74.09% | 76.34% | +2.25 |
Ceuta | 24.97% | 30.47% | +5.50 | 37.51% | 48.84% | +11.33 | 52.59% | 63.97% | +11.38 |
Melilla | 21.82% | 28.14% | +6.32 | 34.32% | 45.45% | +11.13 | 51.35% | 63.05% | +11.70 |
Total | 36.87% | 41.49% | +4.62 | 51.21% | 60.76% | +9.55 | 69.83% | 75.75% | +5.92 |
Sources[126] |
Results
Congress of Deputies
Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 7,513,142 | 28.67 | +6.04 | 123 | +38 | |
People's Party (PP)1 | 4,373,653 | 16.69 | –15.88 | 66 | –69 | |
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)1 | 4,155,665 | 15.86 | +2.88 | 57 | +25 | |
United We Can (Unidas Podemos) | 3,751,145 | 14.32 | –6.83 | 42 | –29 | |
Equo )3
|
238,061 | 0.91 | –0.53 | 2 | –3 | |
Vox (Vox) | 2,688,092 | 10.26 | +10.06 | 24 | +24 | |
Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) | 1,024,628 | 3.91 | +1.28 | 15 | +6 | |
Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 4,236 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts)4 | 500,787 | 1.91 | –0.10 | 7 | –1 | |
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 395,884 | 1.51 | +0.32 | 6 | +1 | |
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
|
328,299 | 1.25 | +0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) | 259,647 | 0.99 | +0.22 | 4 | +2 | |
Commitment: Bloc–Initiative–Greens Equo (Compromís 2019) | 173,821 | 0.66 | New | 1 | +1 | |
Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–PNC) | 137,664 | 0.53 | +0.20 | 2 | +1 | |
Free People–We Are Alternative–Pirates: Republican Front (Front Republicà) | 113,807 | 0.43 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Sum Navarre (NA+)5 | 107,619 | 0.41 | –0.12 | 2 | ±0 | |
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 94,433 | 0.36 | +0.17 | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 52,266 | 0.20 | New | 1 | +1 | |
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 47,363 | 0.18 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
New Canaries (NCa) | 36,225 | 0.14 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Act (PACT) | 30,236 | 0.12 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Progressive Voices (Ara–Més–esquerra) | 25,191 | 0.10 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Yes to the Future (GBai) | 22,309 | 0.09 | +0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 21,863 | 0.08 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
In Tide (En Marea) | 17,899 | 0.07 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Communists (PCPE–PCPC–PCPA) | 17,061 | 0.07 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) | 14,022 | 0.05 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi) | 11,692 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) | 11,407 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) | 9,130 | 0.03 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Forward–The Greens (Avant/Adelante–LV)6 | 7,332 | 0.03 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank Seats (EB) | 7,072 | 0.03 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Coalition for Melilla (CpM) | 6,857 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
We Are Region (Somos Región)
|
4,976 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 4,495 | 0.02 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
We Are Valencian in Movement (UiG–Som–CUIDES) | 4,473 | 0.02 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Left in Positive (IZQP) | 3,503 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Canaries Now (ANC–UP)7 | 3,037 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Commitment to Galicia (CxG) | 2,760 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Sorian People's Platform (PPSO) | 2,663 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Convergents (CNV) | 2,541 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 2,190 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Extremadurans (CEx–CREx–PREx) | 2,150 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Riojan Party (PR+) | 2,098 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Libertarian Party (P–LIB) | 1,216 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
United Linares Independent Citizens (CILU–Linares) | 1,081 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andecha Astur (Andecha Astur) | 932 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Retirees Party for the Future. Dignity and Democracy ("JF") | 876 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Puyalón (PYLN) | 835 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Federation of Independents of Aragon (FIA) | 785 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 646 | 0.00 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
Feminism8 (F8) | 571 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) | 528 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Plural Democracy (DPL) | 504 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Union of Castile and León (Unión Regionalista) | 490 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Centered (centrados) | 459 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Living Ourense (VOU) | 335 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Public Defense Organization (ODP) | 308 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
European Retirees Social Democratic Party–Centre Unity (PDSJE–UdeC) | 277 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) | 257 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) | 190 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
XXI Convergence (C21) | 73 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Death to the System (+MAS+) | 47 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Union of Everyone (UdT) | 28 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots | 199,836 | 0.76 | +0.02 | |||
Total | 26,201,371 | 350 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 26,201,371 | 98.95 | –0.12 | |||
Invalid votes | 276,769 | 1.05 | +0.12 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 26,478,140 | 71.76 | +5.28 | |||
Abstentions | 10,420,743 | 28.24 | –5.28 | |||
Registered voters | 36,898,883 | |||||
Sources[127][128] | ||||||
Footnotes:
|
Senate
Parties and alliances | Popular vote | Seats | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− | ||
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 21,058,377 | 29.33 | +5.75 | 123 | +80 | |
People's Party (PP)1 | 13,757,395 | 19.16 | +14.58 | 54 | –73 | |
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs)1 | 10,665,627 | 14.85 | +4.34 | 4 | +4 | |
United We Can (Unidas Podemos) | 9,171,853 | 12.77 | –6.52 | 0 | –15 | |
Equo )3
|
562,266 | 0.74 | –0.62 | 0 | –1 | |
Vox (Vox) | 5,998,649 | 8.35 | +8.10 | 0 | ±0 | |
Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) | 3,154,967 | 4.39 | +1.43 | 11 | +1 | |
Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV) | 10,584 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts)4 | 1,527,788 | 2.13 | –0.05 | 2 | ±0 | |
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)
|
1,322,370 | 1.84 | –0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) | 1,184,641 | 1.65 | +0.29 | 9 | +4 | |
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1 | 647,201 | 0.90 | ±0.00 | 1 | +1 | |
Commitment: Bloc–Initiative–Greens Equo (Compromís 2019) | 574,171 | 0.80 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG) | 337,849 | 0.47 | +0.19 | 0 | ±0 | |
Sum Navarre (NA+)5 | 325,305 | 0.45 | –0.10 | 3 | ±0 | |
Change (Cambio/Aldaketa)6 | 288,947 | 0.40 | –0.15 | 0 | –1 | |
Canarian Coalition–Canarian Nationalist Party (CCa–PNC) | 236,871 | 0.33 | +0.10 | 0 | –1 | |
Free People–We Are Alternative–Pirates: Republican Front (Front Republicà) | 179,898 | 0.25 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) | 171,943 | 0.24 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC) | 155,748 | 0.22 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
New Canaries (NCa) | 76,857 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
In Tide (En Marea) | 75,846 | 0.11 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
For a Fairer World (PUM+J) | 67,268 | 0.09 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Communists (PCPE–PCPC–PCPA) | 51,948 | 0.07 | –0.04 | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) | 40,087 | 0.06 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank Seats (EB) | 30,437 | 0.04 | –0.06 | 0 | ±0 | |
El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi) | 30,129 | 0.04 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Humanist Party (PH) | 22,028 | 0.03 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Forward–The Greens (Avant/Adelante–LV)7 | 21,927 | 0.03 | +0.02 | 0 | ±0 | |
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) | 21,814 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
We Are Region (Somos Región)
|
21,691 | 0.03 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) | 14,524 | 0.02 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Coalition for Melilla (CpM) | 13,342 | 0.02 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
We Are Valencian in Movement (UiG–Som–CUIDES) | 10,715 | 0.01 | –0.03 | 0 | ±0 | |
Commitment to Galicia (CxG) | 8,655 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Riojan Party (PR+) | 8,492 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Extremadurans (CEx–CREx–PREx) | 8,420 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Left in Positive (IZQP) | 8,329 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Canaries Now (ANC–UP)8 | 7,233 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Retirees Party for the Future. Dignity and Democracy ("JF") | 5,905 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Gomera Socialist Group (ASG) | 5,611 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | 1 | ±0 | |
Andecha Astur (Andecha Astur) | 5,600 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Sorian People's Platform (PPSO) | 5,410 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Convergents (CNV) | 4,931 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
More for Menorca (MxMe) | 4,524 | 0.01 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Federation of Independents of Aragon (FIA) | 4,191 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
United Linares Independent Citizens (CILU–Linares) | 2,582 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Puyalón (PYLN) | 2,300 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Win Fuerteventura (PPMAJO–UP Majorero) | 2,275 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Regionalist Union of Castile and León (Unión Regionalista) | 2,021 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Centered (centrados) | 1,965 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS) | 1,835 | 0.00 | –0.05 | 0 | ±0 | |
Libertarian Party (P–LIB) | 1,673 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | ±0 | |
Plural Democracy (DPL) | 1,430 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Feminism8 (F8) | 1,405 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
European Solidarity Action Party (Solidaria) | 1,314 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Now Ibiza and Formentera (Ara) | 1,302 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Life and Autonomy (VIA) | 1,231 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) | 1,189 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Public Defense Organization (ODP) | 1,090 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Proposal for Ibiza (PxE) | 681 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
United for Lanzarote (UPLanzarote) | 456 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
XXI Convergence (C21) | 234 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Federation Free Socialist Party (PSLF) | 135 | 0.00 | New | 0 | ±0 | |
Blank ballots[r] | 439,543 | 1.71 | –0.71 | |||
Total | 71,800,175 | 208 | ±0 | |||
Valid votes | 25,637,370 | 97.42 | –0.05 | |||
Invalid votes | 680,156 | 2.58 | +0.05 | |||
Votes cast / turnout | 26,317,526 | 71.32 | +5.61 | |||
Abstentions | 10,581,357 | 28.68 | –5.61 | |||
Registered voters | 36,898,883 | |||||
Sources[59][127][128] | ||||||
Footnotes:
|
Aftermath
Outcome
The election resulted in a victory for Pedro Sánchez's Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)—its first since the 2008 general election—which swept the country and won in most constituencies and regions. The right-wing bloc of PP–Cs–Vox was only able to garner 42.9% of the vote and 147 Congress seats (149 including the Navarra Suma alliance in Navarre) to the 165 seats and 43.0% vote share garnered by the two major left-wing parties, PSOE and Unidas Podemos. Even though the left-wing bloc was still 11 seats short of a majority, the three-way split on the centre-right ensured Sánchez's PSOE would be the only party that could realistically garner enough support from third parties to command a majority in the lower house.[129] The PSOE also obtained an absolute majority of seats in the Senate for the first time since 1989 as the PP vote collapsed.[130] Having initially been allocated 121 senators, it was awarded two additional senators from PP after the counting of CERA votes, the Census of Absent-Residents, namely one for Zamora and one for Segovia.[131]
Support for the People's Party (PP) plummeted and scored the worst result of its history as well as the worst support for any of the party's incarnations since the People's Alliance results in the 1977 and 1979 elections. The PP was only able to remain the most voted party in five constituencies: Ávila, Lugo, Melilla, Ourense and Salamanca; and it was not able to remain the largest party in any region, including Galicia, where it lost to the PSOE for the first time ever in any kind of election.[132][133] Overall, the party lost 3.6 million votes from 2016, with post-election analysis determining that 1.4 million had been lost to Albert Rivera's Citizens party, 1.6 million to far-right Vox, 400,000 to abstentions and a further 300,000 to PSOE.[134]
Scoring below previous expectations throughout the campaign, Vox's result signalled the first time since Blas Piñar's election as a deputy for the National Union coalition in 1979 that a far-right party had won seats in the Spanish Parliament after the country's return to democracy as well as the first time that a far-right party would be able to form a parliamentary group of its own in the Congress of Deputies.[129][135]
After losing more than a half of their seats, the PP sacked Javier Maroto as their campaign manager. Maroto had also failed to hold his seat from Álava in the election, losing it to EH Bildu and signalling the first time since 1979 that the party had not won a seat in the province.[136] Pablo Casado, the PP leader whose right-wing stance and controversial leadership had been labelled by commentators as a "suicide" in light of election results,[137] refused to resign and instead proposed a sudden U-turn of the party back into the centre under pressure from party regional leaders one month ahead of the regional and local elections[138][139] while also raising a hostile profile to both Cs and Vox, attacking them for dividing the vote to the right-of-centre.[140][141]
Government formation
Investiture Pedro Sánchez (PSOE) | |||
Ballot → | 23 July 2019 | 25 July 2019 | |
---|---|---|---|
Required majority → | 176 out of 350 | Simple | |
124 / 350
|
124 / 350
| ||
170 / 350
|
155 / 350
| ||
52 / 350
|
67 / 350
| ||
4 / 350
|
4 / 350
| ||
Sources[142][143] |
Notes
- ^ a b Results for PP in the 2016 election, not including Navarre.
- ^ a b Results for C's in the 2016 election, not including Navarre.
- En Común.
- ^ ).
- ^ Elvira García, former Podemos legislator.[62]
- Unidos Podemosin the 2016 election, not including results in Navarre.
- ^ CDC was registered as an independent member within the alliance in order to allow its successor party, the PDeCAT, to be guaranteed CDC's public funding and electoral rights for the campaign.[68]
- ^ a b Unidas Podemos (1 senator), EH Bildu (0 senators) and GBai (0 senators) joined the Cambio/Aldaketa alliance ahead of the April 2019 Senate election in Navarre.
- ^ Results for UPN–PP (0.44%, 2 deputies and 3 senators) and C's in Navarre (0.09%, 0 seats) in the 2016 election.
- ^ Compromís (4 deputies and 1 senator) contested the 2016 election within the A la valenciana alliance.
- ^ NCa (1 deputy and 1 senator) contested the 2016 election in alliance with the PSOE.
- ^ This slogan had been initially conceived for the pre-campaign period, but was later used as a secondary slogan throughout the official electoral campaign.
- ^ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
- ^ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
- ^ Economic debate.
- ^ a b "Women's debate".
- ^ Vox's candidate Santiago Abascal had been initially invited, but was excluded after the Central Electoral Commission threatened to suspend the debate on its proposed format, claiming that Vox's presence would breach the proportionality principle under law.[116]
- ^ The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.
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- ^ "El segundo gran debate barre más todavía con 9.4 millones y un 48.8% entre Antena 3 y laSexta" (in Spanish). VerTele!. 24 April 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
- ^ "#Debatómetro (22A): Rivera 1º, Iglesias 2º, Sánchez 3º, Casado 4º". Electomanía (in Spanish). 22 April 2019. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
- ^ "Sondeo urgente para El Español: Rivera ganó con claridad el debate pero sólo un 3% cambió su voto". El Español (in Spanish). 23 April 2019.
- ^ "#Debatómetro (23A): Iglesias 1º, Rivera 2º, Casado 3º, Sánchez 4º". Electomanía (in Spanish). 23 April 2019. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
- ^ "Finalizados los debates, llega la recta final de la campaña". Electomanía (in Spanish). 23 April 2019.
- ^ "Sondeo urgente para El Español: Rivera volvió a ganar el segundo debate, seguido por Iglesias". El Español (in Spanish). 24 April 2019.
- ^ "Siete de cada diez indecisos decantaron su voto tras los debates electorales". La Razón (in Spanish). 25 April 2019.
- ^ "Postelectoral elecciones generales 2019 (Estudio nº 3248. Mayo 2019)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 10 July 2019.
- ^ "Resumen por autonomías - Total nacional - Avances - Elecciones Generales España 2019". resultados.eleccionesgenerales19.es (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
- ^ a b "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales". Ministry of the Interior (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ a b "Elecciones Generales 28 de abril de 2019". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 21 October 2021.
- ^ a b "El PSOE lidera España". El Periódico de Catalunya (in Spanish). 29 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "El PSOE se impone en el Senado con 121 escaños, alcanza la mayoría absoluta y aleja la aplicación de otro 155" (in Spanish). Europa Press. 29 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "Los socialistas arrebatan 'in extremis' dos senadores al PP en Zamora y Segovia". El Norte de Castilla (in Spanish). 1 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "Elecciones 2019: El PSOE, al borde de gobernar sin los separatistas ante la debacle del PP". El Mundo (in Spanish). 28 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "Los socialistas gallegos sueñan con la Xunta tras imponerse por primera vez en las urnas a un PP desconcertado". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 3 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "El PP perdió 1,6 millones de votos con Vox y 1,4 con Ciudadanos". El Mundo (in Spanish). 30 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "Vox no triunfa en el Madrid acomodado y pincha en los barrios obreros". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 30 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "Maroto, relegado como director de campaña tras el fracaso del PP en las urnas". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 30 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ "Sánchez gana y la derecha se suicida". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 29 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "Casado hunde al PP con el peor resultado de su historia y no dimite a un mes de las autonómicas y municipales". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 28 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "Feijóo y Casado escenifican en Galicia el viraje al centro del PP: "Aquí cabemos todos"". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 4 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "Casado se proclama representante único del centro derecha y carga contra Cs y Vox". El Confidencial (in Spanish). 30 April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ "El 28A deriva en una batalla campal entre las tres derechas a menos de un mes de otras elecciones". eldiario.es (in Spanish). 3 May 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
- ^ Hernández, Marisol; R. Sanmartín, Olga (23 July 2019). "Sesión de investidura: Pedro Sánchez pierde la primera votación pero Podemos se abstiene para retomar la negociación". El Mundo (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ^ Hernández, Marisol; R. Sanmartín, Olga; Cruz, Marisa; Sanz, Luis Ángel; J. Álvarez, Rafael (25 July 2019). "Sesión de investidura: El Congreso tumba la elección de Pedro Sánchez como presidente del Gobierno con 155 votos en contra y 67 abstenciones". El Mundo (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 25 July 2019.