2002 Pakistani general election

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2002 Pakistani general election
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All 342 seats in the
pp
)
  First party Second party
 
Leader Mian Muhammad Azhar Ameen Faheem
Party PML(Q) PPP
Last election – 18
Seats won 105 79
Seat change New Increase61
Popular vote 7,500,797 7,616,033
Percentage 25.66% 26.05%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Fazal-ur-Rehman Javed Hashmi
Party MMA PML(N)
Last election – 135
Seats won 59 19
Seat change New Decrease116
Popular vote 3,335,643 3,409,805
Percentage 11.41% 11.66%
Results of elections showing political parties.
Prime Minister before election

Pervez Musharraf (as Chief Executive)
Pakistan Armed Forces

Elected Prime Minister

Zafarullah Khan Jamali
PML (Q)

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    General elections were held in

    Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) had several restrictions imposed on them and their leaders Benazir Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif were in exile. In order to address the restrictions, PPP created the Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) under the leadership of Ameen Faheem, to contest the elections on its behalf. The PML-N meanwhile, suffering from the party's division into two factions: one that remained loyal to Sharif and were contesting the elections under the leadership of Javed Hashmi, and the other which had broken away to form the pro-Musharraf Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) under the leadership of Mian Muhammad Azhar. The emergence of the PML-Q marked the beginning of multi-party politics in the country, bringing an end to the decade-long two-party system
    between the PPP and PML-N.

    The newly formed

    Zafarullah Jamali as the next Prime Minister

    Background

    Following the 1999 Pakistani coup d'état, Nawaz Sharif was removed as Prime Minister of Pakistan and Pervez Musharraf assumed control of the executive branch of the Government of Pakistan. In 2000, the Supreme Court ruled that the coup was legal although had to be legitimised by an election. A referendum was held earlier in 2002 to bring legitimacy to Musharraf's presidency, despite being boycotted by the opposition.

    Parties and candidates

    More than 70 parties contested the elections. The main parties were the

    Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam), which was also called the "King's Party" for its unconditional support of the government, and the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal
    (MMA), an alliance of six religious political parties.

    Other known parties contesting at the national level included the six-party

    Tahir-ul-Qadri's Pakistan Awami Tehreek.[1]

    Conduct

    Main article:
    Electoral fraud in Pakistan

    To control the political landscape, the Musharraf-led government introduced the Political Parties Order, 2002, imposing criteria that effectively disqualified the leadership of the PPP and PML-N from participating in the elections.[2] The administrative machinery, from the police to vote counters, was reportedly aligned with state interests, suggesting widespread rigging.[2]

    Journalist Zarrar Khuhro described the elections as heavily manipulated, with

    madrassah certificates with graduate degrees, thereby favoring the pro-Musharraf Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal alliance and introducing a bias in candidate eligibility.[2]

    These elections also saw the reduction in the minimum eligible age to be a voter, from 21 years to 18 years.[3]

    Results

    In the National Assembly elections, the PPPP received the most votes but the PML-Q won the most seats, winning 126 to the PPPP's 81. At the provincial level, the MMA emerged as the largest party in

    Punjab to the PML-Q, while in Sindh there was a hung parliament, with the PPP winning more seats than the National Alliance
    . Voter turnout was 41.8%.

    Although the founder of the PML-Q Mian Muhammad Azhar was considered the most likely candidate to become Prime Minister, he failed to win a seat in the National Assembly. Instead a senior party leader Zafarullah Khan Jamali was tasked with leading the new government. Meanwhile, the MMA leader Fazal-ur-Rehman became the Leader of the Opposition.

    National Assembly

    PartyVotes%Seats
    ConstituencyWomenMinorityTotal
    Balochistan National Movement
    		107,3550.370000
    Pakistan Peoples Party (Sherpao)98,4760.342002
    Pashtunkhwa Milli Awami Party96,2520.331001
    Jamhoori Wattan Party96,2400.331001
    Pakistan Democratic Party83,9760.290000
    Pakistan Muslim League (Z)78,7980.271001
    Sunni Tehreek72,5830.250000
    Balochistan National Party57,8650.201001
    Qaumi Movement Pakistan54,0070.181001
    Tehreek-e-Istiqlal43,4000.150000
    Pakistan Shia Political Party42,8550.151001
    Saleem Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf32,9580.110000
    Pakistan Peoples Party (Shaheed Bhutto)31,2080.110000
    Pak Muslim Alliance22,6370.080000
    Balochistan National Democratic Party15,2910.050000
    Kazmi Nazim-e-Mistafa11,7280.040000
    Jamote Qaumi Movement6,2400.020000
    Qaumi Jamhoori Party6,2240.020000
    Nizam-e-Mustafa Party5,1540.020000
    Kakar Jamhoori Party Pakistan4,0740.010000
    Mohib-e-Wattan Nowjawan Inqilabion Ki Anjuman (Mnaka)3,8060.010000
    Hazara Qaumi Mahaz3,4800.010000
    Pak Wattan Party3,0970.010000
    Pakistan Awami Party2,9930.010000
    Awami Qiadat Party2,9870.010000
    National People Party Worker Group2,5150.010000
    Pakistan Freedom Party1,8610.010000
    Balochistan National Congress1,8320.010000
    Ittehad Milli Hazara1,5520.010000
    Labour Party Pakistan1,4640.010000
    Pakistan Mazdoor Kissan Party1,4370.000000
    Tameer-e-Pakistan Party9090.000000
    Tehreek Hussainia Pakistan6160.000000
    Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan (Nifaz-e-Shariat)5810.000000
    Pakistan Workers Party5200.000000
    Qaumi Inqilab Party4960.000000
    Pakistan Gharib Party4220.000000
    Saraiki Sooba Movement Pakistan3480.000000
    Shan-e-Pakistan Party2760.000000
    Mohajir Ittehad Tehreek2620.000000
    Pakistan Seriaki Party2250.000000
    Shah Moosvi Awami Qiadat Party2020.000000
    Sindh Urban-rurel Alliance1650.000000
    Labour Party Pakistan (Krandi)1640.000000
    Istiqlil Party1510.000000
    Pakistan Ittehad Tehreek1450.000000
    Pakistan Social Democratic Party1050.000000
    Pakistan Awami Tehreek-e-Inqilab750.000000
    Zaheer Markazi Jamat-al-hadais430.000000
    Qaumi Tahaffaz Party220.000000
    Independents2,722,6699.31280028
    Total29,236,687100.002726010342
    Valid votes29,236,68797.42
    Invalid/blank votes775,7202.58
    Total votes30,012,407100.00
    Registered voters/turnout71,866,27841.76
    Source: CLEA, National Assembly

    Provincial Assemblies

    Punjab

    Main article: 2002 Punjab provincial election
    PartyVotes%Seats
    General
    Pakistan Peoples Party
    		4,145,10622.4863
    Pakistan Muslim League (N)3,028,85616.4338
    Others2,684,00014.5629
    Independents2,435,19913.2138
    Total18,437,974100.00297
    Source: Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN)

    Sindh

    PartyVotes%Seats
    General
    Pakistan Peoples Party
    		2,115,47235.0451
    Muttahida Qaumi Movement898,73314.8832
    National Alliance718,42411.9012
    Pakistan Muslim League (Q)543,5909.0011
    Others1,761,75229.1824
    Total6,037,971100.00130
    Source: Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN)

    North-West Frontier Province

    PartyVotes%Seats
    General
    Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal792,94926.3948
    Pakistan Peoples Party (S)291,2109.699
    Awami National Party334,50411.138
    Others1,146,52538.1620
    Independents439,25814.6214
    Total3,004,446100.0099
    Source: Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN)

    Balochistan

    PartyVotes%Seats
    General
    Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal188,87816.6413
    Pakistan Muslim League (Q)219,02619.3011
    National Alliance92,7428.175
    Others458,82740.4315
    Independents175,31515.457
    Total1,134,788100.0051
    Source: Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN)

    Election for Prime Minister

    The election for Prime Minister took place on 21 November 2002.

    172 votes required
    CandidatePartyVotes%
    Pakistan Peoples Party
    		7021.34
    Total328100.00
    Source: The Guardian[4]

    References

    1. ^ a b General Elections 2002 – The Story of Pakistan
    2. ^ a b c d e Majeed, Zohaib Ahmed (7 February 2024). "Ranking the 5 dirtiest elections in Pakistan history". DAWN.COM.
    3. ^ "Voting age reduced to 18 years". DAWN.COM. 16 May 2002. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
    4. ^ "Pakistani parliament elects new prime minister". The Guardian. 21 November 2002. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
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