Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib

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Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
ٱلْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ ٱلْمُطَّلِبِ
Bornc. 566
Natila bint Janab
(mother)
Relatives
brothers:
sisters:
FamilyBanu Hashim (Quraysh)

Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (

Islamic prophet Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew. A wealthy merchant, during the early years of Islam he protected Muhammad while he was in Mecca, but only became a convert after the Battle of Badr in 624 CE (2 AH). His descendants founded the Abbasid dynasty in 750.[1]

Early years

Abbas, born around 565 CE, was one of the younger sons of

apprentice for leading the northern leg of the journey.[6]

Conversion to Islam

During the years when the Muslim religion was gaining adherents (610–622), Abbas provided protection to his kinsman but did not adopt the faith. He acted as a spokesman at the Second Pledge of Aqaba,

emigrated to Medina
.

Having fought on the side of the polytheists, Abbas was captured during the Battle of Badr. Muhammad allowed al-Abbas to ransom himself and his nephew.[8]

Tabari's citation of the same source.[10][11] It is said by some authorities that he converted to Islam shortly after the Battle of Badr.[12]

It is elsewhere implied that Abbas did not formally profess Islam until January 630, just before the fall of Mecca, twenty years after his wife Lubaba converted.[13] Muhammad then named him "last of the migrants" (Muhajirun), which entitled him to the proceeds of the spoils of war. He was given the right to provide Zamzam water to pilgrims, a right which was passed down to his descendants.[1]

Abbas immediately joined Muhammad's army, participating in the Conquest of Mecca, the Battle of Hunayn and the Siege of Ta'if. He defended Muhammad at Hunayn when other warriors deserted him.[14] After these military exploits, Abbas brought his family to live in Medina, where Muhammad frequently visited them[15] and even proposed marriage to his daughter.[16]

Later Abbas fought in the expedition to

Tabuk.[14]

Family

Abbas had at least five wives.

  1. Abu Lahab, the enemy of the Muslims, with a tent pole.[17]
  2. Fatima bint Junayd, from the Al-Harith clan of the Quraysh tribe.[18]
  3. Hajila bint Jundub ibn Rabia, from the Hilal tribe.[19]
  4. Musliya, a Greek concubine.[20][21]
  5. Tukana, a Jewish woman from the Qurayza tribe, whom Abbas married after 632.[22] It is not known whether any of the children were hers.

The known children of Abbas were:

  1. Al-Faraa, who married Qatn ibn Al-Harith, a brother of Lubaba. Her mother is not named.[23]

The following were all the offspring of Lubaba.[24]

  1. Al-Fadl.
  2. Abd Allah.
  3. Ubayd Allah. Ubayd Allah's daughter Lubaba married Abbas ibn Ali and had a son Ubayd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Ali.
  4. Qutham.
  5. Ma'bad.
  6. Abd al-Rahman.
  7. Umm Habib.

Other children

  1. Al-Harith. His mother is said to have been either Fatima[18] or Hajila.[19]
  2. Awn, whose mother is not named.[25]
  3. Mushir, whose mother is not named.[26]
  4. Kathir, son of Musliya.[27]
  5. Amina, probably the daughter of Musliya.[20][28]
  6. Safiya, probably the daughter of Musliya.[20][28]
  7. Tammam, the youngest, son of Musliya.[27]

Death

Abbas died in February 653 at the age of 89. He is buried at the

Jannatul Baqee cemetery in Medina, Saudi Arabia.[29][30]

Descendants

Further information: Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid dynasty, and Caliphate

The

caliph (literally "successor") through their descent from Abbas's son Abdallah.[31]

Many other families claimed direct descent from Abbas, including the

Ja'Alin of Sudan.[35]

family tree

Quraysh tribe
Waqida bint AmrAbd Manaf ibn QusaiĀtikah bint Murrah
Muṭṭalib ibn Abd Manaf
HashimSalma bint Amr
Umayya ibn Abd ShamsʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
Abū Lahab
ʿAbd Allāh
ʿAli ibn ʿAbdallāh
Marwanids
 al-Ḥasan
Abbasids
)
al-Saffāḥ
al-Mansur

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-7591-0190-6
  2. ^ al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir (1998). Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors. Vol. 39. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 24.
  3. ^ Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad, p. 79. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  4. ^ Ibn Ishaq/Guillaume, p. 113.
  5. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) pp. 309–310.
  6. ISBN 9780062316837
    .
  7. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 203.
  8. ISBN 1-85964-140-7
  9. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 309.
  10. ^ Alfred Guillaume's footnote to Ibn Ishaq (1955) p. 309.
  11. ^ Tabari, Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by McDonald, M. V. (1987). Volume 7: The Foundation of the Community, p. 68. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  12. ISBN 0-7914-2820-6
  13. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) pp. 546–548.
  14. ^ a b Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) pp. 24–25.
  15. ^ Ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, p. 194. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  16. ^ Ibn Ishaq (Guillaume) p. 311.
  17. ISBN 1-55587-442-8
  18. ^ a b Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 8 #11586.
  19. ^ a b Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 2 #1904.
  20. ^ a b c Ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 4. “Al-Abbas ibn Abdalmuttalib.”
  21. ^ Beheshti, M. (1967). Background of the Birth of Islam, chapter 5. Translated by Ayoub, M. M. (1985). Tehran: International Publishing Co.
  22. ^ Majlisi, Hayat Al-Qulub vol. 2. Translated by Rizvi, A Detailed Biography of Prophet Muhammad (saww), p. 1180.
  23. ^ Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 5 #7129.
  24. ^ Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) p. 201.
  25. ^ Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 5 #6279.
  26. ^ Ibn Hajar, Isaba vol. 6 #8329.
  27. ^ a b Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) vol. 39 pp. 75–76.
  28. ^ a b See also Majlisi (Rizvi) p. 1208.
  29. ^ Tabari (Landau-Tasseron) vol. 39 p. 25.
  30. ISBN 978-1-59784-061-3
  31. ISBN 0-521-77056-4
    p.54
  32. ^ History of Daudpota's, Altaf Daudpota, retrieved 2009-04-12
  33. ISBN 0-631-20767-8
  34. ^ Web Site of the Bawazir Abbasid Hashimite Family
  35. ^ Nicholls, W (1913), The Shaikiya: an Account of the Shaikiya Tribes, of the History of Dongola Province from the XIVth to the XIXth Century
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