Ahirbudhnya Samhita
The Ahirbudhnya Samhita (
Description
Characteristics
In the Ahirbudhnya Samhita,
As with other samhitas, Ahirbudhnya provides its views on creation, siddhantas, senses, bondage and liberation, and rationale of avatars. There are compositions on rakshas, yantras and yoga. It mentions castes and periods of life, interdependence of two higher castes, and provides its characterization of the ideal purohita, the Mahashanti Karman. Besides the story of Madhu and Kaitabha, the Ahirbudhnya details stories of nine personages, namely, Manishekhara, Kasiraja, Shrutakirti, Kushadhvaja, Muktapida, Vishala, Sunanda, Chitrashekhara, and Kirtimalin.[1]
Another characteristic of the Ahirbudhayna Samhita is that it parallels descriptions of philosophical systems found in the
Concept of varna
In the Ahirbudhnya concept of varna, in the Satya Yuga, a pure group descends from Pradyumna. and a mixed group from Aniruddha and Brahman. However, Manus pass from Pradyumna's care to Aniruddha, with their withdrawal into Aniruddha accompanied by pralaya. The pure beings are Anagamins and Sakrdagamins of Buddhism who owing to their advanced stage of liberation return for one or two lives only. At the end of Satya Yuga, Manu's descendants begin to deteriorate; while the Brahman are filled with better ones among the mixed specimen, until the Kali Yuga when reincarnation becomes possible for everyone. The 400 manavas of Ahirbudhnya become 800 Vishnus of Mahasanatkumara Samhita each of whom is a chieftain (nayaka) of 1000 subjects each, located in 8 regions. But among the 800 Vishnus there are only 300 twice-born manavas, while the original group of Shudras are replaced by 5 mixed groups to eliminate Shudra males altogether. Names are given for each loka having descendants from permutations between mothers and fathers of all four varnas, with the samhita noting that innumerable Vishnus reside in Kapila-loka.[1] Notably, the text positions Anagamins and Sakrdagamins of Buddhism as descendants of Pradyumna.
Philosophy
Schrader notes the general trend of Pancharatra is non-Advaitic. Though a verse is found in the Padma Tantra where Vishnu says to Brahman that there is no difference between Vishnu and the liberated soul, pluralism is maintained with Vishnu reinstating that "liberated souls become like me except for governance of the world". While Lakshmi Tantra puts Shri at par with Vishnu, the Ahirbudhnya Samhita puts forth an ambivalent position where Vishnu and his shakti are inseparable, yet not equal.[7] The Ahirbudhnya recognizes one of the eleven Rudras; that is Shiva himself in his Satvik form, in the form of a teacher. In the Veda ahi budhna (serpent of the bottom) is an atmospheric god who Schrader says merged with Rudra-Siva (Pashupati); with Ahi Budhanya in later vedic texts connected to Agni Grahapatya, suggesting this was a benevolent being and not the malevolent Ahi Vritra. Ahirbudhnya and Aja-Ekapada had their share of allocated ghriya (Grihyasutra) rituals. In later puranic literature, Ahirbudhnaya becomes one of the 11 Rudras.[3]
Ahirbudhnya Samhita was a
The Ahirbudhnya Samhita is one of the Pancaratra samhitas with the most coverage of yoga. The text contains inconsistent teachings on kuṇḍalinī. In some sections kuṇḍalinī is described as a blockage that prevents prāṇa from entering the suṣumnā and rising. This is consistent with the teachings of T. Krishnamacharya, the 20th century yoga teacher. However, in other sections kuṇḍalinī is described as rising to the throat in the production of sounds. [10][page needed]
Extinct samhitas
In the 12th chapter of Ahirbudhnya Samhita, 10 Samhitas are mentioned, namely Bhagavat Samhita, Vidya Samhita, Karma Samhita, and seven other samhitas all of which are now extinct (non-surviving). Additionally, tantras mentioned in Ahirbudhnya such as Pati tantra, Pasu tantra, Pasa tantra from the Satvata and Pashupata religion are also extinct; though the Sattvata Samhita survives. A small portion of Ahirbudhnya Samhita is available in Telugu.[1]
Inaccessible samhitas
Among the inaccessible (not easily available) samhitas of Pancharatra, documented by Schrader for surviving copies found in different places are:[1]
- Isvara Samhita (in Telugu from Mysore)
- Kapinjala Samhita (in Telugu from Thirukkovalur)
- Parashara Samhita (in Telugu from Bangalore)
- Padma Tantra (in Telugu from Mysore)
- Brihad Brahma Samhita (in Telugu from Thirupati)
- Bharadvaja Samhita (in Telugu from Mysore)
- Lakshmi Tantra (in Telugu from Mysore)
- Vishnutilaka (in Telugu from Bangalore)
- Sriprasna Samhita (in Granthafrom Kumbakonam)
- Sattvata Samhita (in Devanagari from Conjeevaram).
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1290441124.
- ^ ISBN 978-1134159789.
- ^ a b Sukumari Bhattacharji, (1988). The Indian Theogony: A Comparative Study of Indian Mythology from the Vedas to the Purāṇas, p.150. CUP Archive
- ISBN 8177020633
- ISBN 8185067767
- ^ ISBN 978-1400853533.
- ISBN 0788501992
- ^ Wayne Edison Begley. (1973). Viṣṇu's flaming wheel: the iconography of the Sudarśana-cakra, p.65. Volume= 27 of Monographs on archaeology and fine arts.New York University Press
- ^ Śrīrāma Goyala, (1967). A history of the Imperial Guptas, p.137. Central Book Depot.
- ISBN 9781800501522.
External links
- Philosophy of the Ahirbudhnya-saṃhitā, Surendranath Dasgupta, 1940