Al-Qaria

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Quran 102
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Al-Qaria or The Calamity

Al-Haaqqa, At-Tammah, As-Sakhkhah and others.[5]

Summary

After a picturesque depiction of

judgement day in first 5 verses,[7] next 4 verses (ayat) describe that God's Court will be established and the people will be called upon to account for their deeds. The people whose good deeds will be heavier, will be blessed with bliss and happiness, and the people whose good deeds will be lighter, will be cast into the burning fire of hell.[8]

The last 2 verses describe Háwíyah

Sam Gerrans, the term "mother" (umm) is used idiomatically to denote something that embraces or enfolds.[15]

Text

Text and transliteration

بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ ‎
Bismi l-lahi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīm(i)
ٱلْقَارِعَةُ ۝‎
1 ’al qāri‘ah(tu)
مَا ٱلْقَارِعَةُ ۝‎
2 Ma l-qāri‘ah(tu)
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا ٱلْقَارِعَةُ ۝‎
3 Wa mā ’adrāka ma l-qāri‘ah(tu)
يَوْمَ يَكُونُ ٱلنَّاسُ كَٱلْفَرَاشِ ٱلْمَبْثُوثِ ۝‎
4 Yawma yakūnu n-nāsu kalfarāshi l-mabthūth(i)
وَتَكُونُ ٱلْجِبَالُ كَٱلْعِهْنِ ٱلْمَنفُوشِ ۝‎
5 Watakūnu l-jibālu kal‘ihni l-manfūsh(i)
فَأَمَّا مَن ثَقُلَتْ مَوَٰزِينُهُۥ ۝‎
6 Fa’ammā man thaqulat mawāzīnuh(ū)
فَهُوَ فِى عِيشَةٍ رَّاضِيَةٍ ۝‎
7 Fahuwa fī ‘īshati r-rāḍiyah(tin)
وَأَمَّا مَنْ خَفَّتْ مَوَٰزِينُهُۥ ۝‎
8 Wa’ammā man khaffat mawāzīnuh(ū)
فَأُمُّهُۥ هَاوِيَةٌ ۝‎
9 Fa’ummuhū hāwiyah(tun)
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا هِيَهْ ۝‎
10 Wamā ’adrāka mā hiyah
نَارٌ حَامِيَةٌۢ ۝‎
11 Nārun ḥāmiyah(tun)

Name of the surah

Islamic scholar of Indian subcontinent is known for his groundbreaking work on the concept of Nazm, or Coherence, in the Quran. He writes that Some sūrahs have been given names after some conspicuous words used in them.[16] The Surah takes its name from its first word al-qariah. This is not only a name but also the title of its subject matter, for the Surah is devoted to the day of Resurrection -Abul A'la Maududi.[17]

Period of revelation

Regarding the timing and contextual background of the supposed revelation (

ayat, and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an's 114 sūwar. Most of the surahs containing muqattaʿat are Meccan. Theodor Nöldeke and William Muir[19] alike assign this surah a place among the earliest revelations of the Qurán -George Sale.[20] In accordance with the western exegesis mentioned, the Muslim tafsirs [21]
also exert that the contents of this surah show that this is one of the earliest Surahs to be revealed at Makkah.

Placement and coherence with other surahs

The surahs of the Qur'an are not haphazardly compiled as is generally thought. They have been arranged in a specific order by the Almighty[

Fakhruddin al-Razi (died 1209 CE), Zarkashi (died 1392) and several other classical as well as contemporary Quranic scholars have contributed to the studies.[23]

This surah belongs to the seventh and final group of surahs, which starts from Surah Al-Mulk (67) and runs to the end of the Quran. The theme of the seventh group is to warn the leadership of the Quraysh of the consequences of the Hereafter, to communicate the truth to them to the extent that they are left with no excuse to deny it, and, as a result, to warn them of a severe punishment, and to give glad tidings to Muhammad of the dominance of his religion in the Arabian peninsula. Briefly, this can be stated as delivering warning and glad tidings.[24]

Rhetorically Al-Qariah has 2 similarities with

Al-Haaqqa
(69), which opens with the wordings
69:1 الْحَاقَّةُ
69:2 مَا الْحَاقَّةُ
69:3 وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْحَاقَّةُ

notice that Al-Qaria opens in exactly same style
101:1 الْقَارِعَةُ
101:2 مَا الْقَارِعَةُ
101:3 وَمَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا الْقَارِعَةُ

Secondly, word Al-Qaria appears as a total of 5 times in Quran and out of which thrice it is mentioned in this surah while once it appears in

Al-Haaqqa
as well.

Connection with adjacent surahs

Al-Qariah form a pair with next surah

judgement day with picturesque description and concludes the topic of every person's deeds being weighed and thus resulting in either heaven or hell allotted to the according person. -Dr.Israr Ahmed.[26]

Theme and subject matter

The theme of this surah is resurrection and the hereafter; a scene explaining the day of judgement. At the outset, the people have been aroused and alarmed, saying: "The Great Disaster! What is the Great Disaster? And what do you know what the Great Disaster is?" Thus, after preparing the listeners for the news of the dreadful calamity, Resurrection has been depicted before them in two sentences, saying that on that Day people will be running about in confusion and bewilderment just like so many scattered moths around a light, and the mountains uprooted, will their cohesion and will fly about like carded wool. Then, it has been said that when God's Court is established in the Hereafter and the people are called upon to account for their deeds. The people whose good deeds are found to be heavier than their evil deeds, will be blessed with bliss and happiness, and the people whose good deeds are found to be lighter than their evil deeds, will be cast into the deep pit full of burning fire.[17] Sale divides the contents of the surah in three principal subjects[20]
Ayat 1-5: The day of judgment a day of striking.
Ayat 6-9: The good and bad shall be judged according to their works.
Ayat 10,11: Háwíyah described.

References

  1. ^
    Lumbard, Joseph (April 2015). The Study Quran. San Francisco: HarperOne
    .
  2. George Sale's translation
  3. ^ "The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Word by Word Grammar, Syntax and Morphology of the Holy Quran". corpus.quran.com. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  4. ^ Iman Mohammad Kashi; Uwe Hideki Matzen. "Al-Quran (القرآن) — Online Quran Project — Translation and Tafsir". The Quran.
  5. Tafsir ibn Kathir
    . Translator: Abridged by a group of scholars under the supervision of Shaykh Safiur-Rahman Al-Mubarakpuri, 2000, publ. DARUSSALAM, Riyadh (dar-us-salam.com)
  6. ^ a b Wherry, Elwood Morris (1896). A Complete Index to Sale's Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  7. ^ Qariah 5linguisticmiracle.com Archived 11 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ "Malik Surah 101. Al-Qari'a Introduction, Revelation, Background and Summary". www.alim.org. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  9. ^ "The Quran, vol. 4 | Online Library of Liberty". oll.libertyfund.org. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Surah Al-Qari'ah - 10". Quran.com. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  11. ^ "Quran Surah Al-Qaari'a ( Verse 10 )'". IReBD.com - Islamic Religious Education. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  12. ^ "Surah Al-Qari'ah - 3". Quran.com. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  13. ^ "Quran Surah Al-Qaari'a ( Verse 3 )'". IReBD.com - Islamic Religious Education. Retrieved 25 January 2018.
  14. AlKoran Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain
    .
  15. Gerrans, S
    : The Qur'an: A Complete Revelation, Footnote 8848
  16. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 4 October 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ a b Compiled from a First Edition, multi-volume paperback English translation of the Quran by Maulana Maududi.
  18. List of surahs in the Quran
  19. ^ In his book The Corân
  20. ^ a b Mohammed, A Comprehensive Commentary on the Quran: Comprising Sale's Translation and preliminary Discourse, with Additional Notes and Emendations (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co., 1896). 4 vols. 6/24/2018.
  21. Dr. Israr Ahmed, Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, Nouman Ali Khan & Farhat Hashmi
    lectures & orations.
  22. ISBN 0892590653
    .
  23. ISBN 978-9698799571
    .
  24. ISBN 1134227477
    .
  25. Javed Ahmed Ghamdi - Tadabbur-i-Quran
  26. ^ Dr.Israr Ahmed - Bayan-ul-Quran

External links

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