Al-Qalam

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Quran 69
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Jonah and the giant fish in the Jami' al-tawarikh (c. 1400), Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Pen (

muqattaat) which precede a number of the surahs of the Qur'an,[2] while in Quranic order this is the last surah to have the appearance of muqattaat.[3]

Summary

1-8 Muhammad not a madman nor an impostor
9-16 Invective against a prominent
enemy of Islam
17-34 The example of certain gardeners a warning to the Makkans
35-47 Unbelievers warned of coming judgment
48-50 Muhammad
exhorted not to be impatient, like Jonah
51-52 Extreme hatred of the Quraish towards Muhammad[4]

Verse of Evil Eye

Main article:
Verse of Evil Eye

Asbab al-nuzul

Walid ibn al-Mughirah as his personality traits fit in the character defined in these ayaat and a tradition by Ibn Abbas that "We know of no one whom God has described in the derogatory way in which He describes him, blighting him with ignominy that will never leave him (the adverbial qualifier [ba'da dhalika, 'moreover'] is semantically connected to zanim, 'ignoble')".[8] Tafsir al-Jalalayn also highlights the correlation in 16th ayah: "Soon We shall brand him on the snout"[9][10] and his nose being chopped off by a sword at the Battle of Badr. However the target personality is not restricted to a single person as the ayaat describe a personality type and not a name[11] and the description starts with a plural form: "So do not obey the deniers".[12][13]

Period of revelation

Surahs in the

angels in the time of Jahiliyyah and news of Muhammad's first revelation made them curious about the sanity of Muhammad, thus to refute this idea God revealed the first seven ayaat of Surah Qalam.[20]

On the other hand, the latest suggested order is 18th place according to

Fi Zilal al-Qur'an (In the shades of the Qur'an) highlights a very interesting fact that the opening and the ending of the surah tackle the same point, therefore it is not possible to identify a specific time of revelation.[22] George Sale estimates the revelation to be from fourth year of Islam.[23]

The major scholars of Islam agree (

Islamic scholar, said:[27]

In the

surah 74 came second in the order of revelation (see introductory note to that surah). In any case, "The Pen" is undoubtedly one of the oldest parts of the Qur'an.[28]

—Muhammad Asad – The Message of The Qur'an 1980

Coherence with adjacent surahs

The idea of textual relation between the verses of a chapter has been discussed under various titles such as nazm and munasabah in non-English literature and coherence, text relations, intertextuality, and unity in English literature.

Fakhruddin al-Razi (died 1209 CE), Zarkashi (died 1392) and several other classical as well as contemporary Quranic scholars have contributed to the studies.[29][30][31]

Connection with previous surah

Surah

Day of Judgement, while in Surah Qalam they are warned of the punishment which a people necessarily face if they deny their punishment of the Day of Judgement, similar is the warning sounded in this sūrah. However, this sūrah is more stern in its tone.[33] surah Mulk focused on believing in Allah, this surah Qalam focuses on believing in His Messenger, Muhammad.[34]

Connection with next surah

Surah

sajdah to Allah. Allah talks about two groups of people who receive their books on Judgment Day, good and bad.[37]

Theme of the surah

There are almost seven divisions in the Qur'an[

hereafter if they deny Muhammad, specifically.[41] The surah carries the theme "Let the good carry on their work, in spite of abuse of Companions of Evil: let all remember Allah, before Whom all men are on trial."[42][43] True judgement comes from Allah, and not from the false standards of men.[44][45]
Muhammad is addressed as if to say: "The disbelievers call you a madman whereas the Book that you are presenting and the sublime conduct that you practise are by themselves sufficient to refute their false accusations. Soon they will see as to who was mad and who was sane."

The

Day of Resurrection
, even if they wanted to do so, and thus would stand disgraced and condemned. They have no reasonable ground for opposing the Prophet Muhammad, they cannot either make the claim that they know with certainty that he is not a true messenger of God, nor that what he says is false.

In conclusion, Muhammad has been exhorted: "Bear with patience the hardships that you may have to face in the way of preaching the Faith until Allah's judgement arrives, and avoid the impatience which caused suffering and affliction to Jonah."[1]

Subject matter of the surah

This surah opens with the single discrete Arabic letter Nun (letter) and the oath of the Divine One swearing by the instrument of The Pen, as well as all knowledge that people are able to preserve and communicate thereby, is split into three parts according to the subject matter:[34]

  • 1st part – Defending Muhammad. Allah has declared Muhammad to be of the highest moral character and Do not yield any disbelieving oath monger, slanderer and wicked person.[46]
  • 2nd part – The example of companions of the Garden [aS-haab al Jannah]. What happened to the arrogant stingy owners of a garden who did not want to pay charity?
  • 3rd part – Harshly rebuking those who deny life after death.[47] The disbelievers would say that – if hypothetically there is a life in the next world, "What is preventing us from being in power in the next world, just as we are in power in this world?"
    a – Response: Do you think that Allah is so unjust that He cannot see the difference between the one who is right (and submits to Him) and the one who is wrong (disbelieves in His signs)?
    b - Allah challenges the disbelievers that if there is no next life, or that the disbelievers will be successful in the next life, then produce your evidence or proof that this is true.
    c – the surah begins with Allah defending His Messenger, and then ends with consoling him. Consolation from Allah to the Islamic prophet Muhammad is; And do not rush (don't become impatient). Why? Because there was another Messenger – Prophet Yunus (Jonah) – the companion of the Whale (saahib-il Hoot). He became a little bit impatient for the help of Allah to arrive/he rushed a little bit.[48]

Hadith

  • Ibn Mas'ud. He said: I recite the mufassal surahs in one rak'ah. You might recite it quickly as one recites verse (poetry) quickly, or as the dried dates fall down (from the tree). But the Prophet (pbuh) used to recite two equal surahs in one rak'ah; he would recite (for instance) surahs an-Najm (53) and ar-Rahman (55) in one rak'ah, surahs Iqtarabat (54) and al-Haqqah (69) in one rak'ah, surahs at-Tur (52) and adh-Dhariyat (51) in one rak'ah, surahs al-Waqi'ah (56) and Nun (68) in one rak'ah, surahs al-Ma'arij (70) and an-Nazi'at (79) in one rak'ah, surahs al-Mutaffifin (83) and Abasa (80) in one rak'ah, surahs al-Muddaththir (74) and al-Muzzammil (73) in one rak'ah, surahs al-Insan (76) and al-Qiyamah (75) in one rak'ah, surahs an-Naba' (78) and al-Mursalat (77) in one rak'ah, and surahs ad-Dukhan (44) and at-Takwir (81) in one rak'ah.[49]
  • The Messenger of Allah said, "
    'Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Mary). 'Isa will pursue him and slaughter him. Then people will survive for seven years (i.e., after the demise of 'Isa) in the state that there will be no rancour between two persons. Then Allah will send a cool breeze from the side of Ash-Sham. None will remain upon the face of the earth having the smallest particle of good or Faith in him but he will die, so much so that even if someone amongst you will enter the innermost part of a mountain, this breeze will reach that place also and will cause him to die. Only the wicked people will survive and they will be as fast as birds (i.e., to commit evil) and as ferocious towards one another as wild beasts. They will never appreciate the good, nor condemn evil. Then Shaitan (Satan) will come to them in the garb of a man and will say: 'Will you not obey me?' They will say: 'What do you order us to do?' He will command them to worship idols. They will have abundance of sustenance and will lead comfortable lives. Then the Trumpet will be blown. Every one hearing it, will turn his neck towards it and will raise it. The first one to hear that Trumpet will be a man who will be busy repairing the basin for his camels. He will become unconscious. Allah will send, or will cause to send, rain which will be like dew and there will grow out of it (like wild growth) the bodies of the people. Then the second Trumpet will be blown and they will stand up and begin to look around. Then it will be said: 'O people! Go to your Rubb.' Then there will be a command: 'Make them stand there.' After it they will be called to account. Then it will be said: 'Separate from them the share of the Fire.' It will be asked: 'How much?' It will be said: 'Nine hundred and ninety-nine out of every thousand.' That will be the Day which will make children hoary-headed men because of its terror and that will be the Day when the Shin will be uncovered."[50][51]
  • Narrated
    ﷺ)! Shall we see our Lord on the Day of Resurrection?" He said, "Do you have any difficulty in seeing the sun and the moon when the sky is clear?" We said, "No." He said, "So you will have no difficulty! For seeing your Lord on that Day as you have no difficulty in seeing the sun and the moon (in a clear sky)." ...When there remain only those who used to worship Allah (solely), both the obedient ones and the mischievous ones, it will be said to them, 'What keeps you here when all the people have gone?' They will say, 'We parted with them (in the world) when we were in greater need of them than we are today, we heard the call of one proclaiming, 'Let every nation follow what they used to worship,' and now we are waiting for our Lord.' Then the Almighty will come to them in a shape other than the one which they saw the first time, and He will say, 'I am your Lord,' and they will say, 'You are not our Lord.' And none will speak: to Him then but the Prophets, and then it will be said to them, 'Do you know any sign by which you can recognize Him?' They will say. The Shin,' and so Allah will then uncover His Shin whereupon every believer will prostrate before Him and there will remain those who used to prostrate before Him just for showing off and for gaining good reputation. These people will try to prostrate but their backs will be rigid like one piece of a wood (and they will not be able to prostrate). Then the bridge will be laid across Hell.....[52]

References

  1. ^ a b "Malik Surah 68. Al-Qalam Introduction, Revelation, Background and Summary".
  2. ISBN 1904510000
  3. ^ "Chronological Order of Surahs". Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  4. Sale's Text, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain
    .
  5. ^ "68. Surah Al Qalam (The Pen) - Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi - Tafhim al-Qur'an - The Meaning of the Qur'an".
  6. ^ "The Quran, vol. 4 - Online Library of Liberty".
  7. ^ The Corân – William Muir
  8. Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti
  9. ^ "The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Word by Word Grammar, Syntax and Morphology of the Holy Quran".
  10. ^ Iman Mohammad Kashi; Uwe Hideki Matzen. "Al-Quran (القرآن) – Online Quran Project – Translation and Tafsir". The Quran.
  11. ^ Iman Mohammad Kashi; Uwe Hideki Matzen. "Al-Quran (القرآن) – Online Quran Project – Translation and Tafsir". The Quran.
  12. ^ http://corpus.quran.com/wordmorphology.jsp?location=(68:8:3)
  13. ^ Iman Mohammad Kashi; Uwe Hideki Matzen. "Al-Quran (القرآن) – Online Quran Project – Translation and Tafsir". The Quran.
  14. ISBN 1589010248
    .
  15. ^ Israr Ahmed – Bayan-ul-Quran – Introduction
  16. ISBN 0231070055
    , 9780231070058
  17. ISBN 9780231070058
    .
  18. Quran Verses in Chronological Order
  19. ^ "Quran Verses in Chronological Order: Qran.org".
  20. ^ Surah Al-Qalam (68:1–7)
  21. ISBN 0460874381
    , Paperback
  22. Sayid Qutb, Fi Dhilal al-Quran
    . Beirut: Dar al-Shurruq (1981)
  23. ^ Sale, G. (1896), A Comprehensive Commentary on the Quran
  24. The Meaning of the Qur'an
    )
  25. ^ Abdullah Yusuf Ali – Quran English Translation & Commentary
  26. ISBN 9783205993933
    . p. 203
  27. ^ "Leopold Weiss alias Muhammad Asad: Von Galizien nach Arabien 1900–1927" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2012.
  28. ^ "The Message of The Quran". Archived from the original on 13 October 2012.
  29. ISBN 1134227477
    .
  30. ISBN 0892590653
    .
  31. ISBN 978-9698799571
    .
  32. ^ "Al-Mawrid".
  33. ^ "Al-Mawrid".
  34. ^ a b c Abdul Nasir Jangda - Tafsir lectures - Bayyinah Institute, 2300 Valley View ln. Suite 500 Irving, TX 75062
  35. ^ "Surah Haqqah". Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
  36. ^ Quran Surah 68: ayah 44
  37. ^ "linguisticmiracle.com".
  38. ^ Tadabbur-i-Quran#Contents
  39. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  40. ^ "linguisticmiracle.com".
  41. ISBN 0-19-512558-4
  42. ^ (Quran 68:1-33)
  43. ^ Abdullah Yusuf Ali – Quran English Translation & Commentary Note#C.247
  44. ^ Quran 68:34-52
  45. ^ English translation of Quran
  46. ^ "Quran Ayah Themes | Theme of the Surah 68. Al-Qalam | Alim".
  47. ^ Quran 68:17 to 68:33
  48. ^ "linguisticmiracle.com".
  49. ^ Narrated Ibn Mas'ud: Abu Dawud said: This is the arrangement of Ibn Mas'ud himself. Reference: Sunan Abi Dawud 1396 In-book: Book 6, Hadith 26 English translation: Book 6, Hadith 1391
  50. Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri
    Narrated this Hadith
  51. ^ [Muslim] Sunnah.com reference : Book 19, Hadith 3 Arabic/English book reference : Book 19, Hadith 1810
  52. ^ Sahih al-Bukhari 7439 In-book reference: Book 97, Hadith 65 USC-MSA web (English) reference: Vol. 9, Book 93, Hadith 532 (deprecated numbering scheme)

External links

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