B recognition element

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The B recognition element (BRE) is a

promoter region of most[clarification needed] genes in eukaryotes and Archaea.[1][2] The BRE is a cis-regulatory element that is found immediately near TATA box, and consists of 7 nucleotides. There are two sets of BREs: one (BREu) found immediately upstream of the TATA box, with the consensus SSRCGCC; the other (BREd) found around 7 nucleotides downstream, with the consensus RTDKKKK.[a][3][4]

The BREu was discovered in 1998 by Richard Ebright and co-workers.[1] The BREd was named in 2005 by Deng and Roberts;[5] such a downstream recognition was reported earlier in 2000 in Tsai and Sigler's crystal structure.[6]

Binding

The

TATA box binding protein), and have various effects on levels of transcription.[4]

TFIIB uses the cyclin-like repeats to recognize DNA. The C-terminal alpha helices of TFIIB intercalate with the major groove of the DNA at the BREu. The N-terminal helices bind to the minor groove at BREd. TFIIB is one part of the preinitiation complex that helps RNA polymerase II bind to the DNA.[6]

In addition to the human TFIIB-BRE structure, structures from many other organisms have been solved. Among those are

archaeon Pyrococcus woesei which presents an inverted orientation[7] and a TFIIB from the parasite Trypanosoma brucei which despite some specific insertions show a similar fold.[8]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In nucleic acid notation for DNA, R (puRine) stands for A/G (adenine or guanine, which are both purines); S (Strong) stands for C/G (cytosine or guanine, which base-pair to form three hydrogen bonds); K (Keto) stands for G/T; D (not C) stands for A/T/G.

References

  1. ^
    PMID 9420329
    .
  2. PMID 10570130
    .
  3. ^ Wilson, David B. "Drosophila Core Promoter Motifs". gander.wustl.edu. Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  4. ^
    PMID 19682982
    .
  5. PMID 16230532
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 10619841
    .
  7. PMID 9177165
    .
  8. PMID 19666603
    .


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