Beartooth Mountains
Beartooth Mountains | |
---|---|
Highest point | |
Peak | Granite Peak |
Elevation | 12,807 ft (3,904 m) |
Coordinates | 45°09′48″N 109°48′26″W / 45.16333°N 109.80722°W |
Geography | |
Country | United States |
States | Montana and Wyoming |
Laramide |
The Beartooth Mountains are located in south central
The Beartooth Mountains sit upon the larger Beartooth Plateau.
History
The remoteness of the region contributed to its obscurity until the 1870s. The
The Beartooth Mountains have been considered for inclusion in the national park system. In 1939, the director of the National Park Service drafted a presidential proclamation outlining the boundaries of a "Beartooth National Monument," but President Franklin D. Roosevelt never signed it. During the summer of 1960, The Wilderness Society organized an expedition into the Beartooths for Forest Service and National Park Service officials. Members of the expedition debated whether the mountains ought to be a wilderness area or a national park, but they reached no consensus and never made a formal proposal. Environmental advocates continued to push for the area's preservation in order to defend the northern borders of Yellowstone National Park from development. Finally, in 1975 the Beartooths were protected as part of the Absaroka–Beartooth Wilderness.[3]
Ecology
The ecosystem of the Beartooth Mountains is one of the most unique in the Contiguous United States partly due to being part of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. This space allows a great diversity with 34,375 square miles (89,030 km2) of nearly intact wilderness. With the protection to the terrestrial habitats all of the bodies of water are classified as Outstanding National Resource Waters, giving them the highest protections under the Clean Water Act. The cleanliness of the bodies of water led them to be used as a benchmark to compare others in the northern Rocky Mountains. Most of the current species are currently protected.
Fauna
The mountains are home to many of North America's largest animals, including one of the few grizzly bear populations in the contiguous United States. There are rare sightings of lynx and wolverines and a population of cougars and recently reintroduced wolves. There are some of the largest herds of bison and elk in North America.
Flora
The Beartooth Mountains also have a very diverse range of trees, mostly conifers with stands of aspen and cottonwoods. The conifers mainly consist of
Geology
The Beartooth mountains are composed of Precambrian granite and crystalline metamorphic rocks dated at approximately 2.7 to 4 billion years old, making these rocks among the oldest on Earth. The Stillwater igneous complex within the mountains is the location of the largest known deposits of platinum and chromium and the second largest deposits of nickel found in the United States. Older ages (4-3.2 billion years) are found in zircon crystals in meta-sedimentary rocks. The most abundant rocks in the Beartooths (gneiss, amphibolites and granites, as well as the Stillwater Complex) are 2.9-2.7 billion years old.[6]
IUGS geological heritage site
In respect of their 'record of early crustal genesis and evolution', the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) included the 'Archean Rocks of the Eastern Beartooth Mountains' in its assemblage of 100 'geological heritage sites' around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as 'a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history.'[7]
Elevation and peaks
Huge expansive plateaus are found at altitudes in excess of 10,000 ft (3,000 m) with over 25 peaks exceeding 12,000 ft (3,700 m). The mountains have over 300 pristine lakes and some waterfalls in excess of 300 ft (100 m). Winters are severe with heavy snow and incessant winds. Approximately 25 small glaciers exist in the Beartooths with Grasshopper Glacier being one of the more distinctive.
The highest peaks of the Beartooth Mountains are clustered in three groups, topped by Granite Peak, Mount Wood 12,649 ft (3,855 m), and Castle Mountain 12,617 ft (3,846 m). The cluster containing Mount Wood is named the Granite Range.[8] The largest of these three contiguous areas above 10,000 ft (3,000 m), which extends into Wyoming, is the one dominated by Castle Mountain.
See also
References
- ^ "Detail". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 15 December 2008.
- ^ "Abandoned Mines". Montana DEQ. Montana DEQ. Retrieved 12 November 2019.
- JSTOR 40543651. Retrieved 10 February 2021.
- ^ "Plants". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
- ^ "report_vt_4cbl" (PDF). U.S. National Park Service.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-08. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites" (PDF). IUGS International Commission on Geoheritage. IUGS. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
- ISBN 0-938314-17-3.
External links
- U.S. Forest Service. "Beartooth Ranger District". Custer National Forest. Archived from the original on 25 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-11.
- Wilderness.net. "Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness". The National Wilderness Preservation System. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2006-07-11.