Whole blood

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Blood component
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Whole blood
Red Cross whole blood donation
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		IV
ATC code
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none

Whole blood (WB) is human

injection into a vein.[6]

Side effects include

platelets, and blood plasma.[3] It is best within a day of collection; however, can be used for up to three weeks.[3][5][7] The blood is typically combined with an anticoagulant and preservative during the collection process.[8]

The first transfusion of whole blood was in 1818; however, common use did not begin until the

platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate, and fresh frozen plasma.[1]

Medical use

Whole blood has similar risks to a transfusion of red blood cells and must be

transfusion reactions. Most of the reasons for use are the same as those for RBCs, and whole blood is not frequently used in high income countries where packed red blood cells are readily available.[13][14] However, use of whole blood is much more common in low and middle income countries. Over 40% of blood collected in low-income countries is administered as whole blood, and approximately a third of all blood collected in middle-income countries is administered as whole blood.[15]

Whole blood is sometimes "recreated" from stored

type AB plasma to minimize the chance of complications.[citation needed
]

Transfusion of whole blood is being used in the military setting and is being studied in pre-hospital trauma care and in the setting of massive transfusion in the civilian setting.[13][16][17][14]

Processing

Historically, blood was

Platelets for transfusion can also be prepared from a unit of whole blood. Some blood banks have replaced this with platelets collected by plateletpheresis because whole blood platelets, sometimes called "random donor" platelets, must be pooled from multiple donors to get enough for an adult therapeutic dose.[citation needed
]

The collected blood is generally separated into components by one of three methods. A centrifuge can be used in a "hard spin" which separates whole blood into plasma and red cells or a "soft spin" which separates it into plasma, buffy coat (used to make platelets), and red blood cells. The third method is sedimentation: the blood simply sits overnight and the red cells and plasma are separated by gravitational interactions.[citation needed]

Storage

Whole blood is typically stored under the same conditions as red blood cells and can be kept up to 35 days if collected with CPDA-1 storage solution or 21 days with other common storage solutions such as CPD.[citation needed]

If the blood is used to make platelets, it is kept at room temperature until the process is complete. This must be done quickly to minimize the warm storage of RBCs in the unit.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-0443069819. Archived
    from the original on 2017-01-12.
  2. ^
    PMID 27866583
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 9780781759441. Archived
    from the original on 2017-01-12.
  4. ISBN 9781455737970
    .
  5. ^
    S2CID 24552025
    .
  6. ISBN 9781455776412. Archived
    from the original on 2017-09-14.
  7. ISBN 9781451152845. Archived
    from the original on 2017-01-11.
  8. ISBN 072160384X. Archived
    from the original on 2017-01-12.
  9. ISBN 978-1455737932. Archived
    from the original on 2017-01-11.
  10. hdl:10665/325771
    . WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  11. hdl:10665/345533
    . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
  12. ISBN 9781428923331. Archived
    from the original on 2017-01-12.
  13. ^
    S2CID 4561424
    .
  14. ^
    S2CID 21697290
    .
  15. ^ "Blood safety and availability". www.who.int. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  16. ^ "Blood Far Forward". THOR. Retrieved 2019-06-22.
  17. PMID 27252101
    .
  18. ISBN 978-0-12-374432-6. Archived
    from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2010.

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whole_blood&oldid=1174073048#Processing"