Breisach
Breisach | |
---|---|
Location of Breisach within Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district | |
Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald | |
Subdivisions | 12 |
Government | |
• Mayor (2022–30) | Oliver Rein[1] (CDU) |
Area | |
• Total | 54.58 km2 (21.07 sq mi) |
Elevation | 225 m (738 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 15,793 |
• Density | 290/km2 (750/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 79206 |
Dialling codes | 07667, 07664 (Niederrimsingen, Oberrimsingen), 07668 (Gündlingen) |
Vehicle registration | FR |
Website | www.breisach.de |
Breisach (formerly Altbreisach;
Its name is Celtic and means breakwater. The root Breis can also be found in the French word briser meaning to break. The hill on which Breisach came into existence was — at least when there was a flood — in the middle of the Rhine, until the Rhine was straightened by the engineer Johann Gottfried Tulla in the 19th century, thus breaking its surge.
History
The seat of a Celtic
The
In the early 13th century, construction on the St. Stephansmünster, Breisach's cathedral, started. In the early 16th century, Breisach was a significant stronghold of the Holy Roman Empire. On December 7, 1638, Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, who was subsidized by France, conquered the city, which Ferdinand II and General Hans Heinrich IX. von Reinach had defended well, and tried to make it the centre of a new territory. After Bernard's death in 1639, his general gave the territory to France, which saw it as its own conquest. In the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Breisach was de jure given to France.
From 1670, Breisach was integrated into the French state in the course of the "
During
In 1969, Breisach was considered as the construction site for a nuclear power plant, but Wyhl was chosen instead, where the construction project was later abandoned in the face of heavy opposition.
The nearby cities of Hochstetten (1970), Gündlingen (1972), Niederrimsingen (1973), and Oberrimsingen (1975) along with Grezhausen, which had been incorporated into Oberrimsingen in 1936, were all
Politics
After the municipal elections on June 13, 2004, the seats in the municipal council were distributed as follows:
CDU |
43.9% | −3.9 | 12 seats | ±0 |
SPD |
24.3% | −2.1 | 6 seats | ±0 |
Unaffiliated | 16.8% | +3.9 | 4 Seats | +1 |
DVP |
15.0% | +2.1 | 4 seats | +1 |
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
.The federal road B 31 leads to Lindau and the N 415 on the French side connects Breisach to Colmar.
Local businesses
One of Europe's largest wine cellars called Badischer Winzerkeller eG is located in Breisach. Viticulture is very important for the economy of both Breisach and the Kaiserstuhl.
Main sights
The museum for municipal history has an impressive collection dating from the Stone Age to the present. The Romanesque St. Stephansmünster , the cathedral in Breisach, has a late Gothic altar by an unknown craftsman (with the initials H.L.) and paintings by Martin Schongauer, who is also the eponym of the Gymnasium in the city.
Jewish history
The first documentation of Jews in town dates to 1301.[3] During the Black Death in 1349, the community was annihilated after a false blood libel, accusing the town Jews of poisoning the town wells. After the pogrom, Jews got back to the town until 1424, when they were expelled once again.[3]
In 1550, the community reopened with a cemetery.[4] In 1750, a Jew owned a textile factory in town, employing about 330 weavers.[5] The Synagogue, built in 1758, was destroyed in November 1938, on Kristallnacht.[5] In 1825, 14% of the town population was Jewish, (438 individuals), though in 1933 this number had declined to 231. On October 22, 1940, the town's last 34 Jews who did not flee to nearby France or other places, were deported to Gurs internment camp, a transit camp in the South of France.[5] In 1967, the town's sole Jewish survivor was a woman who tended the two Jewish cemeteries.[5] A website, dedicated to the town's Jewish history, commemorates the names of Jewish victims during World War II who used to live in town,[6] as also personal stories of survivors and their children.[7] A Jewish survivor who lived in town named Louis Dreyfuss, gave a report on his biography on some cases.[8] The Jewish community of pre-war Breisach maintains a documentary website.[9]
International relations
Breisach is
- Saint-Louis, France, since 1960
- Pürgg-Trautenfels, Austria, since 1994 partnered with the borough of Niederrimsingen
- Neuf-Brisach, France, since 2000
- Oświęcim, Poland, since 2009
- Küstriner Vorland
People
- Ernst Adolf Birkenmayer (1842-1916), jurist and member of the German Reichstag (1881-1884 and 1907-1916)
- Felix Brückmann (born 1990), ice hockey goalkeeper
- Oliver Baumann (born 1990), football goalkeeper
- Pascal Krauss (born 1987), mixed martial art fighter
See also
References
- ^ Bürgermeisterwahl Breisach am Rhein 2022, Staatsanzeiger.
- Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2023.
- ^ a b "Alt-Breisach". JewishEncyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2014-07-16.
- ^ "BREISACH: Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district | baden-wuerttemberg-baden-wuerttemberg - International Jewish Cemetery Project". Iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org. 2013-02-19. Archived from the original on 2014-10-07. Retrieved 2014-07-16.
- ^ a b c d "Breisach". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. 1940-10-22. Retrieved 2014-07-16.
- ^ "Former Jewish Community Center Breisach - Memorial". Juedisches-leben-in-breisach.de. Archived from the original on 2014-07-15. Retrieved 2014-07-16.
- ^ "Former Jewish Community Center Breisach - News". Juedisches-leben-in-breisach.de. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2014-07-16.
- ^ "Jewish Museum Berlin - Stories at the Rafael Roth Learning Center: Jews in Breisach". Jmberlin.de. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02. Retrieved 2014-07-16.
- ^ Projekt ehemaliges jüdisches Gemeindehaus Breisach Archived 2013-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, juedisches-leben-in-breisach.de, retrieved 28 September 2015
External links
- Official website (in German)
- pictures & history (in German)
- Digital city tour Breisach
- Digitized civil records (birth, marriage, death) of the 19th Century:
- Catholic records 1810-1818 and Jewish records, 1814-1822
- Catholic and Jewish records, 1819-1826
- Catholic and Jewish records, 1827-1834
- Catholic and Jewish records, 1835-1840
- Catholic and Jewish records, 1841-1847
- Catholic and Jewish records, 1848-1854
- Catholic and Jewish records, 1855-1858
- Catholic and Jewish records, 1859-1864
- Catholic and Jewish records, 1865-1870