Cals cabinet

Cals cabinet
Cals cabinet
Centre-left ; Majority government
History
Legislature term(s)	1963–1967
Incoming formation	1965 formation
Outgoing formation	1966 formation
Predecessor	Marijnen cabinet
Successor	Zijlstra cabinet

The Cals cabinet was the

Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries and the responsibility for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs from previous cabinet

.

The cabinet served in the middle of the tumultuous

closing the mines in Limburg and stimulating urban development in the Randstad. Internationally, the protests against the Vietnam War were a major point of attention. The cabinet suffered several major internal and external conflicts, including multiple cabinet resignations. The cabinet fell just 18 months into its term on 14 October 1966, following a major political crisis after Catholic Leader Norbert Schmelzer proposed a counter-motion that called for stronger austerity measures to reduce the deficit than those the cabinet had itself proposed. Prime Minister Cals saw this as an indirect motion of no confidence from his own party, and announced his resignation; the cabinet continued in a demissionary capacity until it was replaced by the caretaker Cabinet Zijlstra.^[3]^[4]

Formation

After the fall of the

commercial television

, the issue that led to the fall of the former cabinet. So a new cabinet was formed on the basis of the existing situation. A continuation of the Marijnen cabinet was considered to have too narrow a basis, so PvdA was asked to join in. As a result, CHU stepped out. But previous frictions between PvdA and KVP were overcome because there was a desire to form a cabinet fast, which was indeed done, in just over a month.

Term

After two decades of economic growth, this cabinet experienced a slight

coal mines

were closed, and plans were devised to educate and re-employ the former miners.

There was also social unrest, which became apparent in the

Princess Beatrix in Amsterdam and the rise of new parties: the Farmers' Party (BP), the Pacifist Socialist Party (PSP), the Reformed Political League (GPV) and the Democrats 66

(D'66). The last party, especially, wished to change the political order..

On 14 October 1966 Norbert Schmelzer the Leader of the Catholic People's Party and Parliamentary leader of the Catholic People's Party in the House of Representatives proposed a Motion of no confidence against the cabinet and Prime Minister Jo Cals. A shocking and surprised action in Dutch politics, it marked the first time that a motion of no confidence was proposed against a cabinet of the same party. The cabinet resigned that evening.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Changes

On 5 February 1966

State Secretary for Defense for Air Force Affairs Jan Borghouts (KVP) died following a debilitating disease at the age of 55. On 22 June 1966 former Chairman of the United Defence Staff lieutenant general Heije Schaper, who until then had been working as Chief Adjutant in extraordinary service to Queen Juliana

was installed as his successor.

On 31 August 1966

VU University Amsterdam

was appointed as his successor.

Belgium Minister of Foreign Affairs Hendrik Fayat, West-German Minister for Foreign Affairs Gerhard Schröder and Minister of Foreign Affairs Joseph Luns at a Western European Union conference in Brussels

on 4 November 1965.

Indonesian Minister for Economic Affairs Hamengkubuwono IX and Minister of Foreign Affairs Joseph Luns

at the Indonesian Embassy in The Hague on 5 September 1966.

Cabinet Members

Ministers		Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
	Jo Cals (1914–1971)	Prime Minister	General Affairs		14 April 1965 – 22 November 1966	Catholic People's Party
	Dr. Anne Vondeling (1916–1979)	Deputy Prime Minister	Finance	14 April 1965 – 22 November 1966		Labour Party
	Dr. Anne Vondeling (1916–1979)	Minister	Finance	14 April 1965 – 22 November 1966		Labour Party
	Barend Biesheuvel (1920–2001)	Deputy Prime Minister	Agriculture and Fisheries		24 July 1963 – 5 April 1967 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
		Minister	Agriculture and Fisheries
		Minister	Interior	• Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs
	Jan Smallenbroek (1909–1974)	Minister	Interior		14 April 1965 – 31 August 1966 ^[Res]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Dr. Ivo Samkalden (1912–1995)				31 August 1966 – 5 September 1966 ^{[Ad Interim]}	Labour Party
	Dr. Koos Verdam (1915–1998)				5 September 1966 – 5 April 1967 ^[Continued]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Joseph Luns (1911–2002)	Minister	Foreign Affairs		13 October 1956 – 6 July 1971 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Dr. Ivo Samkalden (1912–1995)	Minister	Justice		14 April 1965 – 22 November 1966	Labour Party
	Joop den Uyl (1919–1987)	Minister	Economic Affairs		14 April 1965 – 22 November 1966	Labour Party
	Captain Piet de Jong (1915–2016)	Minister	Defence		24 July 1963 – 5 April 1967 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Dr. Gerard Veldkamp (1921–1990)	Minister	Social Affairs and Health		17 July 1961 – 5 April 1967 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Dr. Isaäc Arend Diepenhorst (1916–2004)	Minister	Education and Sciences		14 April 1965 – 5 April 1967 ^[Continued]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Ko Suurhoff (1905–1967)	Minister	Transport and Water Management		14 April 1965 – 1 May 1966 ^[Note]	Labour Party
	Pieter Bogaers (1924–2008)				1 May 1966 – 30 June 1966 ^[Acting]	Catholic People's Party
	Ko Suurhoff (1905–1967)				30 June 1966 – 22 November 1966	Labour Party
	Pieter Bogaers (1924–2008)	Minister	Housing and Spatial Planning		24 July 1963 – 22 November 1966 ^[Retained]	Catholic People's Party
	Maarten Vrolijk (1919–1994)	Minister	Culture, Recreation and Social Work		14 April 1965 – 22 November 1966	Labour Party
Minister without portfolio		Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
	Theo Bot (1911–1984)	Minister	Foreign Affairs	• Development Cooperation	14 April 1965 – 5 April 1967 ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
State Secretaries		Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s)			Term of office	Party
	Theo Westerhout (1922–1987)	State Secretary	Interior	• Municipalities • Provinces	12 July 1965 – 22 November 1966	Labour Party
	Leo de Block (1904–1988)	State Secretary	Foreign Affairs)	• European Union • Benelux	3 September 1963 – 5 April 1967 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Max van der Stoel (1924–2011)	State Secretary	Foreign Affairs)	• United Nations • International Organizations	22 July 1965 – 22 November 1966	Labour Party
	Dr. Wiel Hoefnagels (1929–1978)	State Secretary	Finance	• Fiscal Policy • Tax and Customs • Governmental Budget	31 May 1965 – 22 November 1966	Catholic People's Party
	Joop Bakker (1921–2003)	State Secretary	Economic Affairs	• Small and Medium-sized Businesses • Regional Development	3 September 1963 – 22 November 1966 ^[Retained]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Gerard Peijnenburg (1919–2000)	State Secretary	Defence	• Army	13 May 1965 – 5 April 1967 ^[Continued]	Independent Christian Democratic Catholic
	Vice admiral Adri van Es (1913–1994)			• Navy	14 August 1963 – 16 September 1972 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Colonel Jan Borghouts (1910–1966)			• Air Force	12 July 1965 – 5 February 1966 ^[Died]	Catholic People's Party
	Lieutenant general Heije Schaper (1906–1996)			• Air Force	22 June 1966 – 5 April 1967 ^[Continued]	Independent Conservative Liberal
	Dr. Louis Bartels (1915–2002)	State Secretary	Social Affairs and Health)	• Medical Ethics	3 September 1963 – 5 April 1967 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Dr. José de Meijer (1915–2000)	State Secretary	Social Affairs and Health)	• Occupational Safety • Public Organisations	15 November 1963 – 5 April 1967 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Catholic People's Party
	Hans Grosheide (1930-2022)	State Secretary	Education and Sciences	• Primary Education • Secondary Education • Special Education	3 September 1963 – 6 July 1971 ^[Retained] ^[Continued]	Anti-Revolutionary Party
	Siep Posthumus (1910–1987)	State Secretary	Transport and Water Management	• Rail Transport • Weather Forecasting	4 May 1965 – 22 November 1966	Labour Party
	Cees Egas (1913–2001)	State Secretary	Culture, Recreation and Social Work	• Social Services • Youth Care • Nature • Culture • Art • Recreation • Sport	10 May 1965 – 22 November 1966	Labour Party
Source: (in Dutch) Rijksoverheid.nl

^Resigned

^{Retained from the previous cabinet}

^{Continued in the next cabinet}

^Acting

^{Ad Interim}

^{Died in Office}

^{Medical leave of absence from 1 May 1966 until 30 June 1966}

Trivia

Four cabinet members (later) served as Prime Minister: Jo Cals (1965–1966), Barend Biesheuvel (1971–1973), Joop den Uyl, (1973–1977) and Piet de Jong (1967–1971).

References

^ Changing Liaisons The Dynamics of Social Partnership in 20th Century West-European DemocraciesBy Karel Davids, 2007, P.165
^ Changing Liaisons The Dynamics of Social Partnership in 20th Century West-European DemocraciesBy Karel Davids, 2007, P.165
^ "Kabinetscrisis 1966: de Nacht van Schmelzer" (in Dutch). Parlement & Politiek. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
^ "Misschien waren we allebei teveel boekhouder'" (in Dutch). NRC Handelsblad. 12 September 1991. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
^ (in Dutch) De Nacht van Schmelzer, Geschiedenis24, 15 October 2001
^ (in Dutch) Kabinetscrisis 1966: de Nacht van Schmelzer, Parlement & Politiek, 24 December 2008
^ (in Dutch) De Nacht van Schmelzer (1966), Histotheek.nl, 9 March 2010

External links

Official

(in Dutch) Kabinet-Cals Parlement & Politiek
(in Dutch) Kabinet-Cals Rijksoverheid

[1] Changing Liaisons The Dynamics of Social Partnership in 20th Century West-European DemocraciesBy Karel Davids, 2007, P.165

[2] Changing Liaisons The Dynamics of Social Partnership in 20th Century West-European DemocraciesBy Karel Davids, 2007, P.165

[3] "Kabinetscrisis 1966: de Nacht van Schmelzer" (in Dutch). Parlement & Politiek. 10 December 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2019.

[4] "Misschien waren we allebei teveel boekhouder'" (in Dutch). NRC Handelsblad. 12 September 1991. Retrieved 1 April 2018.

[5] (in Dutch) De Nacht van Schmelzer, Geschiedenis24, 15 October 2001

[6] (in Dutch) Kabinetscrisis 1966: de Nacht van Schmelzer, Parlement & Politiek, 24 December 2008

[7] (in Dutch) De Nacht van Schmelzer (1966), Histotheek.nl, 9 March 2010

[1]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[Retained]

[Continued]

[Res]

[Ad Interim]

[Note]

[Acting]

[Died]

v t e Cals cabinet (1965–1966)
Preceded: Marijnen cabinet Succeed: Zijlstra cabinet
Prime Minister	Jo Cals (General Affairs)
Deputy Prime Ministers	Anne Vondeling (Finance) Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs )
Ministers	Jan Smallenbroek (Interior) (1965–1966) Ivo Samkalden (Interior) (Ad interim) Koos Verdam (Interior) (from 1966) Joseph Luns (Foreign Affairs) Ivo Samkalden (Justice) Economic Affairs ) Piet de Jong (Defence) and Health ) Isaäc Arend Diepenhorst (Education and Sciences) Ko Suurhoff (Transport and Water Management) (1965–1966) Pieter Bogaers (Transport and Water Management) (Ad interim) Ko Suurhoff (Transport and Water Management) (from 1966) Pieter Bogaers (Housing and Spatial Planning) Maarten Vrolijk (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)
Minister without portfolio	Theo Bot (Aid to Developing Countries)
State Secretaries	Theo Westerhout (Interior) Leo de Block (Foreign Affairs) Max van der Stoel (Foreign Affairs) Wiel Hoefnagels (Finance) Economic Affairs ) Gerard Peijnenburg (Defence) Adri van Es (Defence) Jan Borghouts (Defence) (1965–1966) Heije Schaper (Defence) (from 1966) José de Meijer (Social Affairs and Health) Louis Bartels (Social Affairs and Health) Hans Grosheide (Education and Sciences) Siep Posthumus (Transport and Water Management) Cees Egas (Culture, Recreation and Social Work)